21. Space Weather Policy space weather refers to conditions on the sun and in the solar wind, for monitoring the space environment and predicting periods of hazard. http://www.ametsoc.org/atmospolicy/SpaceWeatherPolicy.html

Space Weather Policy Issues What is Space Weather? What are Space Weather Policy Issues? Current Activities at AMS Atmospheric Policy Program Space Weather Policy Papers by G. Fisher Challenges Facing the U.S. Space Weather Public-Private Sector Partnership (pdf) Lessons from the U.S. Meteorological Public Private Sector Services Partnership (pdf) What is Space Weather? "Space weather" refers to conditions on the sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere that can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems and can endanger human life or health. Solar and geomagnetic events can impact many different sectors that affect our daily livesnavigation, satellites, communications, pipelines, electric power systems, and human health in space and flight. What are Space Weather Policy Issues?

22. Portable Radar Stations Predict Space Weather | CNET News.com monitoring space weather, however, has been an expensive proposition. Permanent radarinstallations can sport reflectors measuring 1000 feet in diameter. http://news.com.com/Portable radar stations predict space weather/2100-7337_3-58

var zflag_page_header = "http://c7.zedo.com/OzoDB/cnet/v8/news.js"; var zflag_nid="233"; var zflag_cid="88"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="1"; var zflag_height="1"; var zflag_sz="17"; var zflag_freq = 24; CNET News.com CNET tech sites: Product reviews Shop Tech news Downloads ... Advertising Track thousands of Web sites in one place: Newsburst Enterprise Hardware Portable radar stations predict space weather Published: August 3, 2005, 11:03 AM PDT By Michael Kanellos Staff Writer, CNET News.com TrackBack Print E-mail TalkBack A magnetic cloud generated by the sun can plunge a city into darkness, so SRI International has created mobile radar stations for monitoring space weather. The Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar system, or AMISR, is a set of modular radar facilities created by the research organization that can be deployed together, or sent to different parts of the globe, to track weather in the upper atmosphere and beyond. SRI has created three AMISR units so far and deployed them in Peru and Alaska. Eventually, SRI will build more mobile units as well as a larger, more permanent version that will be installed at the U.S. rocket testing range at Poker Flat, Alaska.

23. Images: Stay Tuned For Today's Space Weather | CNET News.com One of the radar panels for space weather monitoring built by SRI. So far, theagency has deployed these mobile units in Peru and Alaska. http://news.com.com/2300-7337_3-5817208-2.html

var zflag_page_header = "http://c7.zedo.com/OzoDB/cnet/v8/news.js"; var zflag_nid="233"; var zflag_cid="88"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="1"; var zflag_height="1"; var zflag_sz="17"; var zflag_freq = 24; CNET News.com CNET tech sites: Product reviews Shop Tech news Downloads ... Advertising The Web filtered by humans, not bots: News.com Extra Stay tuned for today's space weather One of the radar panels for space weather monitoring built by SRI. So far, the agency has deployed these mobile units in Peru and Alaska. The upper picture shows an individual panel unit from the side. Credit: SRI International Post your own photos on the Web for FREE . It's fast and easy with Webshots. Learn more Related stories: Portable radar stations predict space weather TalkBack Post a comment No discussion exists, click here to start it How to advertise Send us news tips Contact us ... The Net Featured services: BNET: Business White Papers Find tech jobs Digital Living Free mag. trial ... Jobs

24. QinetiQ Stay Informed - October 2004 Runway Trial Underway, space weather monitoring, Steering Ships to Safety.Heathrow Trial, space weather, Ship safety http://cm.qinetiq.com/stayinformed/archive/oct_04.htm

Heathrow Trial Space Weather Ship safety Welcome to the October e-Newsletter from QinetiQ containing all the latest news and pioneering developments from Europe's largest science and technology organisation. We welcome any feedback from you so please e-mail us Runway Trial Underway Find out more: Newsroom Runway Solutions Space Weather Monitoring The QinetiQ Merlin space weather monitor has been selected to fly on European Space Agency's (ESA) Galileo Satellite Test Bed (GSTB-V2/A), a test satellite, which will assist in the final development of Europe's Galileo satellite navigation system. Galileo will become operational later in this decade. This test satellite is being built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) on behalf of the European Space Agency and is planned for launch in 2005. Find out more: Newsroom Space Steering Ships to Safety QinetiQ scientists have developed a unique onboard decision aid computer software tool to help Royal Navy bridge officers operate their ships safely in extreme weather conditions. ORPHEUS (Onboard Risk Performance Hazard Evaluation System) is a dedicated and flexible operator guidance system providing clear and concise information on how a ship will perform in a variety of bad weather scenarios. Find out more: Newsroom Defence Medica 2004 At this year's exhibition, QinetiQ will be exhibiting on Stand 16E77, Hall 16 with a number of capabilities including:

25. ESA Workshop On Space Weather - Final Programme space weather Effects Detected by GPS Based TEC monitoring Jakowski, N.; Hocke,K.; Schlueter, Interplanetary Scintillation and space weather monitoring http://www.estec.esa.nl/CONFANNOUN/98c19/

List of Events ESTEC Home Page ESA Home Page Web Master ... Hotel Reservation Form Please check this website regularly as small changes in the programme may occur. ESA Workshop on Space Weather Courtesy of the MDI/SOHO consortium and the Polar/VIS scientific team 11-13 November 1998 ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands Organised by the ESA Space Environments and Effects Analysis Section (ESA TOS-EMA) Introduction As space missions are becoming more technically sophisticated, they are increasing in sensitivity to the space environment. Modelling of the dynamics of the space environment with the use of data, known as "Space Weather", is a rapidly growing field world-wide. At the moment European Space Weather activities are fragmented in different groups and European-wide initiatives are in an embryonic state. Progress in space environment analysis is expected from extensive collaborative efforts with near real-time data from spacecraft, ground-based and theoretical simulations with the aim of establishing predictive systems relating the cause (solar activity) to the effect on technological systems and human activity. At the same time it has become evident for the scientific community that it also needs input from potential users of future Space Weather services. As a support unit, ESA's Space Environments and Effects Analysis Section is particularly concerned with how the Space Weather concept can lead to products which enhance the performance and reliability of space systems.

26. Real-Time Data Acess Page Undersea Volcano monitoring (source). BATS Satellite Images (source). Rice EarthObservation Studio (source) Earth Science space weather http://solar.physics.montana.edu/tslater/real-time/

Warning!! High Graphics Page Real-Time Science Data Access Page This real-time data page has been created and maintained for the Research in Astronomy and Physics Education Group at Montana State University live image from Bozeman). We welcome any suggestions for additional real-time data sources - particularly science images!! ( To send us your real-time data links, please contact Tim Slater at tslater@physics.montana.edu Astronomy - Sun Images NEWLY UPDATED FEBRUARY 2001 radio wavelengths ( image and source infrared wavelengths ( image and source visible wavelengths white light ( image ] and source Calcium-K ( image and source Hydrogen-alpha ( source ultraviolet wavelengths (195 image 304 image , and source Coronograph Showing CMEs ( image and source X-ray wavelengths soft X-ray wavelengths( image ]and source Last 72 hrs X-Ray Movie ( mpg and source Current Magnetogram ( image and source LASCO ( images and movies Current Sun Information Composite Data Sun Today and SDAC Sun Resource Sites Astronomy Mars Weather ( image and source Moon Visualizer ( map , and source Current Moon Phase ( image and source Moon Calendar ( JAVAphase Earth Visualizer ( map and source JAVA Star Map ( image and source Solar System Live ( JAVA orrery Jupiter as seen from the Galileo Spacecraft ( map Where is Cassini on its way to Saturn now? (

27. SPACE.com -- Final Titan 2 Carries Military Weather Satellite To Orbit The $450 million space shot marked the final planned used of a refurbished US military will take advantage of the DMSP s weather monitoring capability. http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/titan2_launch_031018.html

advertisement Titan 2 Lifts Military Research Satellite Into Earth Orbit Titan 2 Missile Sends NOAA Weather Satellite Into Orbit Titan 2 Launch to Slip at Least Two Months Final Titan 2 Carries Military Weather Satellite to Orbit By Jim Banke Senior Producer, posted: 12:30 pm ET 18 October 2003 CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. An Air Force Titan 2 that once served duty as a nuclear-tipped missile successfully launched a military weather satellite into polar Earth orbit from California on Saturday. The $450 million space shot marked the final planned used of a refurbished Titan 2 missile and took nearly three years to get off the ground as a variety of technical problems and schedule issues delayed the flight. Liftoff from Vandenberg Air Force Base's Space Launch Complex 4 West was at 12:17 p.m. EDT (1617 GMT). A quick six-and-a-half minutes later the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite separated from the second stage of the two-stage booster and arrived in orbit. All branches of the U.S. military will take advantage of the DMSP's weather monitoring capability. The DMSP is able to provide data directly to troops in the field, but also sends its observations to ground stations in Alaska, New Hampshire, Greenland and Hawaii. From there the weather data is relayed to a trio of major Air Force and Navy command centers, where meteorologists compile the information to produce and distribute worldwide weather forecasts.

28. Australian Antarctic Division - Space Ship Earth: Monitoring Space Weather space Ship Earth monitoring space weather. space Ship Earth is the brainchildof Prof John Bieber of the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware. http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=2035

29. Researcher Warns Space Weather Hole Blocks Manned Mars Mission and revealed much about their workings but that monitoring and understanding There are a number of upcoming space weather related satellite launches http://www.physorg.com/news5565.html

bookmark PhysOrg.com HOME FORUM WEBLOG ... Event Horizon last post by The Solar Corona last post by RealityCheck EARTHQUAKES PREDICTIONS REVIEWED last post by TRoc Affordable, Safe, and Boring Space Travel last post by The universe crunching to a point last post by pzerr Time faster on earth? last post by pzerr String Theory last post by Good Elf What is consciousness? last post by pzerr 5th Demension? last post by Justavian Number of dimensions last post by RealityCheck All today's posts News archive Search Help us make our site better! ... Take PhysOrg.com Survey The survey takes less than two minutes, there's nothing to identify you personally, and you won't receive any email or other sales pitches by participating. Researcher Warns Space Weather Hole Blocks Manned Mars Mission August 02, 2005 Research published in the journal Space Weather warns that massive gaps in our understanding and monitoring of space weather will effectively block US plans for a manned mars space mission. The study, led by University of Warwick researcher Dr Claire Foullon, draws on work that Dr Foullon and colleagues carried out for the European Space Agency on radiation hazards and space weather. Today's news: Electronic Devices Intel Continues Push Down Power-Optimization Path With Intel Xeon Processor Line AMD Powers Ahead With Three New Models Of Dual-Core AMD Opteron Processors Microsoft and Palm ally with Verizon in "smartphone" war ... Keep Cool to Reduce Friction,” Suggests a New Study of Nanoscale Water Condensation

30. Space Weather Hole Could Block Manned Mars Mission | Science Blog Research published in the journal space weather warns that massive gaps in ourunderstanding and monitoring of space weather will effectively block US plans http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/node/8571

@import "misc/drupal.css"; @import "themes/blix/style.css"; Science Blog home search topics ... Home Space Weather Hole Could Block Manned Mars Mission Research published in the journal Space Weather warns that massive gaps in our understanding and monitoring of space weather will effectively block US plans for a manned mars space mission. The study, led by University of Warwick researcher Dr Claire Foullon, draws on work that Dr Foullon and colleagues carried out for the European Space Agency on radiation hazards and space weather. Dr Foullon points to particular concerns about the radiation dangers of Solar Proton Events (SPEs) particularly those that follow Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs - massive clouds of material ejected from the Sun that produce dangerous, high energy, charged particles). One of the largest such events ever recorded arrived at Earth in August 1972 right between NASA's Apollo 16 and 17 manned missions. Simulations of the radiation levels an astronaut inside a spacecraft would have experienced during this event found that the astronaut would have absorbed lethal doses of radiation within just 10 hours. It was simply good luck that this happened between the missions. However the research outlines opportunities to learn from upcoming space weather related satellite launches and makes 3 recommendations that could plug the holes in our understanding sufficiently to allow a manned Mars mission to proceed in relative safety. There are a number of upcoming space weather related satellite launches that could be key to that but the 2005 Stereo mission and the 2008-9 Solar Sentinels programme are of particular value. The recommendations are:

31. Department Of State Washington File: Text: International Space Weather Meeting B space weather forecasters, researchers and industry analysts from around the globe for continued research and monitoring of space weather, said Brig. http://canberra.usembassy.gov/hyper/2005/0405/epf214.htm

Text: International Space Weather Meeting Begins in Colorado (Space weather affects people, electronics, weather on Earth) (1190) Space weather forecasters, researchers and industry analysts from around the globe are meeting in Colorado April 5-8 for this year's Space Weather Week, according to an April 4 press release from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Space weather, which is similar to Earth weather, originates on the sun. Activity on the Sun's surface, such as solar flares, can cause high levels of radiation in space that can appear as plasma (particles) or electromagnetic radiation (light). On Earth, space weather can interfere with short-wave radio transmission and electric power grids. In space, space weather can cause the decay of satellite orbits and can be a radiation hazard for satellites and astronauts during some phases of space missions. Researchers funded by NOAA, NASA, the National Science Foundation, the Defense Department and many international organizations attend Space Weather Week to describe recent advances in numerical modeling, data assimilation and environmental measurements. "Space weather affects us all," said NOAA Administrator Conrad Lautenbacher. "Space weather affects people living and equipment in space as well as those on Earth. A unique and valuable aspect of Space Weather Week is the merging of research and operations," he said.

32. Dr Sky - Products & Services 2002 Events Calendar weather monitoring Aviation Tools space Exploration TShirts, Caps space Daily Sky Telescope Aviation News weather http://www.drsky.com/store.shtml

Technology and Prosperity Through Knowledge of the Sky Sky Watcher Hotline 602-548-STAR INFO CENTER Astronomical Events Who is Dr. Sky Image Gallery MultiMedia Clips ... Advertise Here COOL STUFF 2002 Events Calendar Weather Monitoring Aviation Tools Space Exploration ... Book Store FAVORITE LINKS Heavens Above Satellite Map Air Shows Majestic Research ... More Favorite Links... "Dr.Sky" will search the market for products or services that impress us here at Sky Source Productions and pass on these tips to you! In the future we may be offering a line of "Dr.Sky" select products, custom hats and T-Shirts, special interest video's and other related products or services that will continue to have you "keeping your eyes to the skies". The recommendations section will look at products from a wide range of areas, from telescopes and binoculars to software, books and magazines, camera and video equipment along with a host of aviation and space related products. As we expand, we may start our own rating system, based on our own "Stars". Stay tuned and please check out the following products and services. RealSky CD Imagine having a complete sky atlas at your fingertips in a unique 8 or 10 set CD-ROM package, that's not a typical sky map, but a unique photographic sky atlas. Now you have the entire digitized sky survey of the famous Palomar Observatory Sky Survey of the early 1950's. The first set in the series covers the northern sky from pole to -15 degrees. The second series, developed by the Royal Observatory of Edinburgh, covers the entire southern sky on 10 CD-ROM's. "Dr.Sky" feels that this is one of the most impressive set of sky photos that you will find anywhere for the price. You can use the easy to view star photos to help confirm a new comet discovery or novae search. This is a "must" have for the serious student of the sky.

33. BGS Resources For Monitoring Space Weather And Geomagnetic Hazard monitoring space weather at BGS has a number of resources ( in house as wellas public domain) for monitoring space weather and the geomagnetic hazard. http://www.geomag.bgs.ac.uk/spweather/bgs_monitoring.html

dqmcodebase = "/menu_code/" //script folder location Monitoring Space Weather at BGS BGS Geomagnetism has a number of resources ('in house' as well as public domain) for monitoring space weather and the geomagnetic hazard. Here are examples of our own data and products - click on the images for larger versions. Some links are not live as they may be of commercial significance. BGS operate six observatories worldwide and records 3-component vector data and total field data at a one-second sample rate. These are filtered to one-minute data and used in the majority of our data products, as well as for use through INTERMAGNET. One-second data is also available for academic or commercial use. These data also have navigation applications Minute Mean Daily Magnetogram One Second Data Hourly Standard Deviation ( HSD We monitor hourly standard deviations ( HSD ) in the X (North) and Y (East) components of the geomagnetic field. These are automatically updated every hour and made available to Scottish Power shortly thereafter. These data have

34. Monitor - #23 - Computerised Weather Monitoring How much space is devoted to each is up to you. When the graph is static, There are also many dedicated weather monitoring packages on the market. http://www.windmill.co.uk/monitor23.html

Windmill Software Ltd Windows Engineering Software June 2000 Monitor Newsletter Archive Home Newsletters Catalogue Contents ... Search -Monitor- The Newsletter for PC-Based Data Acquisition and Control Issue 23 www.windmill.co.uk August 2000 -ISSN 1472-0221 CONTENTS * Replaying Data After Collection Weather Monitoring Acronyms and Other Abbreviations WINDMILL NEWS Replay Charts of Data After Collection You can now read about our Windmill Replay software , and download its new Help file buy Replay from our on-line catalogue . It costs 195 GB pounds (around 315 Euros or 295 US Dollars). USING A PC TO MONITOR WEATHER unit which plugs into the PC's USB port, such as the Microlink 751 we sell in our on-line catalogue. Some weather instruments you can plug directly into the computer's serial port eliminating the need for another interface. * Software to: - Record the weather data in the units of your choice - Display the data on-screen - Analyse the data - Make data available around a network or over the internet - Alert you when measurement thresholds are crossed (by telephone for example) - Generate reports - Control instruments on specific conditions - starting a heater when the temperature drops for example We, of course, use Windmill software, which works with a wide range of instruments and devices. There are also many dedicated weather monitoring packages on the market. (Windmill 4.3 is available free to Monitor subscribers Weather Instruments to Monitor Rainfall and Wind Speed

35. EUROPA - Space - - Earth & Space Week Profile: European Commission website about space research activities in Europe Earth country have some notion of EO as a weather monitoringrelated technology, http://europa.eu.int/comm/space/news/article_1991_en.html

IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE : The information on this site is subject to a and a EN EUROPA European Commission Space News and Features Earth Observation targets developing world Contact Search on Space Homepage News and Features ... Space research Earth Observation targets developing world 24 January 2005 will take place from 12-20 February 2005 in Brussels. This major European Commission and European Space Agency (ESA) initiative is aimed at showing how Earth Observation (EO) and Space improve the quality of life on our planet. For more information, see the In developing nations, many of which lack strong traditions in cartography and mapping, Earth Observation (EO) technologies have proven essential tools for addressing public policy issues such as deforestation, urban planning, agricultural production and environmental assessment. However, major impediments to their full exploitation remain in place, including lack of data, lack of tools and lack of expertise. Facing obstacles Bridging the gap Bringing the developing world up to EO speed is one of the goals of the GEO, set up in 2003 and charged with developing a ten-year plan to strengthen co-operation in Earth Observation. Discussion point: the human population dilemma Underlying many of the pressures that weigh on the developing world is human population. There are now more than six billion human beings on the planet, and on present trends the UN says we will probably number about 8.9 billion by 2050.

36. EUROPA - Space - - Partnership Conference Brings Developing Countries Into GEO P and spacebased observations – the so-called World weather Watch . MAMA is the ‘Mediterranean network to Assess and upgrade monitoring and http://europa.eu.int/comm/space/news/article_1633_en.html

IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE : The information on this site is subject to a and a EN EUROPA European Commission Space News and Features ... Space research Partnership Conference brings developing countries into GEO process 02 November 2004 Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Co-Chairs Achilleas Mitsos and Rob Adam welcomed representatives from developing countries to Brussels on 15 October 2004, for an international 'EO Partnership Conference'. The aim was to bring new collaborators into the process of creating a 'Global Earth Observation System of Systems' (GEOSS). Areas of the Implementation Plan of particular interest to developing countries are those linked to the environment and sustainable development strategy defined in Johannesburg in 2002. They include: Reducing loss of life and property from natural and human-induced disasters; Understanding environmental factors affecting human health; Improving management of energy resources; Understanding climate change; Improving water resource management; Supporting sustainable agriculture and combating desertification. Rob Adam Building capacity in developing countries Weather world Strengthening ties By hosting events such as the EO Partnership Conference, the GEO is hoping to bring new collaborators into the global EO process.

37. EMPIRICAL MODEL USAGE IN IONOSPHERIC WEATHER MONITORING EMPIRICAL MODEL USAGE IN IONOSPHERIC weather monitoring I. Galperin MainResults of the Joint French-Soviet space Project ARCAD-1 and ARCAD-2 for http://www.ips.gov.au/IPSHosted/INAG/uag-104/text/zaalov.html

Back to INAG Homepage Back to UAG-104 Contents page EMPIRICAL MODEL USAGE IN IONOSPHERIC WEATHER MONITORING Alexander Eliseyev, Nikolay Zaalov Radiophysics Division, Research Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 198904 Petrodvoretz, RUSSIA Antenna Besprozvannaya Abstract An empirical model is proposed for the interpretation of experimental ionospheric data. The model represents the major large-scale characteristics of the sub auroral and auroral F2 layer as well as the temporal variations during the transition from quiet to disturbed conditions. The model is in FORTRAN code and the correction of predicted foF2 values is possible using satellite and vertical sounding data. Introduction A global network of ionospheric observatories provides the possibility of determining ionospheric "weather" at a given time. Ionospheric modelling is used for ionospheric forecasting and for the calculation of ionospheric parameters along a radio path. The data from ionospheric observatories as well as in-situ satellite measurements can be used for the correction of the model parameters. In this paper, an empirical model is proposed for ionospheric weather monitoring. The first part of the paper gives the outline of the model. In the second the results of calculations for quiet and disturbed conditions are presented and briefly discussed, and finally an example of a comparison with experimental HF doppler sounding data is presented. The Main Principles of the Model The idea of plasma tubes connecting the ionosphere with the conjugate region is proposed as the basis for computation of the level of noon ionisation. The latitude variations of foF2 are approximated by a product of two functions. One is determined by the solar zenith angle and the other by magnetic field geometry (for the model under consideration the inclined dipole approximation is suitable).

38. Space Today Online -- Beating Swords Into Plowshares -- Converted Titan 2 ICBM S STO covers space from Earth to the Edge of the Universe. That offers betternighttime weather monitoring in those areas. http://www.spacetoday.org/Rockets/Plowshares/Titan2.html

SPACE TODAY ONLINE Covering Space From Earth to the Edge of the Universe Cover Rockets Satellites Shuttles ... Global Links Beating Swords Into Plowshares Converting Military Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles to Peaceful Space Launchers Rebuilt Titan 2 Launches Weather Satellite Titan 2 launches DMSP F15 What was unusual about the launch of a weather satellite into polar orbit in December 1999? The satellite, known as Defense Meteorological Satellite Program DMSP F15, was boosted into space aboard a U.S. Air Force Titan 2 rocket from Space Launch Complex-4 West at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. Six minutes after blast off, an apogee kick motor attached to the satellite fired to place the craft in the proper orbit above Earth. The gem in this story was the Titan 2 rocket, which once was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) stationed at McConnell Air Force Base in Kansas. During the Cold War, America's fleet of Titan 2 ICBMs stood ready to rain nuclear destruction on the former Soviet Union. When the aging Titan 2 ICBM national defense system was replaced and deactivated by June 1987, the U.S. government decided to convert fourteen of the leftover missiles to launch U.S. government payloads to Earth orbit. The vintage Titan 2s decommissioned by the Air Force were remodeled in the 1990s by Lockheed Martin Astronautics to carry payloads into space. Titan Rockets The Titan family dates to October 1955, when the Air Force awarded Lockheed Martin (formerly the Martin Company) a contract to build an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). Known as the Titan 1, it was the nation's first two-stage ICBM and first underground silo-based ICBM.

39. Chapman Conference On Space Weather: Progress And Challenges In Research And App monitoring space weather from Low Earth Orbit The Far Ultraviolet Imagers onTIMED and DMSP. DI Ponyavin Global Changes of Magnetic Field on the Sun and http://www.agu.org/meetings/cc00acall.html

General Information Chapman Conference on Space Weather: Progress and Challenges in Research and Applications Belleview Biltmore Resort and Spa Clearwater, Florida March 20-24, 2000 (Monday through Friday) Conveners Cosponsors Program Committee Conference Scope ... Program Conveners Paul Song University of Michigan Space Physics Research Laboratory 2455 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA E-mail: psong@umich.edu George Siscoe Boston University Center Space Physics 725 Commonwealth Avenue Boston, MA 02215 USA E-mail: SISCOE@buasta.bu.edu Cosponsors National Science Foundation (NSF) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) National Oceanics and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Program Committee Dan Baker (University of Colorado, Boulder) Richard Benhke (National Science Foundation) Greg Ginet (Philips Research Laboratory) Mary Hudson (Dartmouth College) Yohsuke Kamide (Nagoya University, Japan) John Linker (Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego)

40. EO Library: Watching Our Ozone Weather Page 4 One network of Photochemical Assessment monitoring Stations (PAMS) collects spacebased instruments on satellites help us understand how ozone travels http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/OzoneWx/OzoneWx4.html

Monitoring Ozone Atmospheric chemists measure ozone at ground level, in the air with balloons and aircraft, and from space with Earth-orbiting satellites. Each vantage point offers a different perspective, a different geographic scope, and usually a different degree of spatial resolution. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration gathered valuable data for studies of ozone formation in the region surrounding Nashville, Tennessee. Measurements of tropospheric ozone from aircraft make lines of data through the atmosphere, while measurements from satellites make wide swaths of data that can be stitched together to make a global picture. (Photograph courtesy of NOAA). Measurements on the ground contribute chiefly to understanding specific localities because ozone levels change so much from one locality to another and from one day to the next. The EPA, along with states and local air agencies, has established a number of monitoring networks to collect air quality data. One network of Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) collects and reports detailed data for NO x , volatile organic compounds, ozone, and meteorological conditions for areas in the United States that have the most severe and persistent ozone problems. The State and Local Air Monitoring Network (SLAMS) and the National Air Monitoring Network (NAMS) also track ozone air quality across the country.

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