41. ESL Articles: The Olympic Games (EnglishClub.com) Unfortunate events in world history (the 1972 Munich Olympics and 9/11) mean that squash; surfing; tug of war; underwater sports; water skiing; wushu. http://www.englishclub.com/esl-articles/olympic-games.htm

English Club ESL Learning Centre ESL Articles : The Olympic Games Vocabulary Vocabulary Quiz Comprehension Quiz The Olympic Games "As in the daytime there is no star in the sky warmer and brighter than the sun, likewise there is no competition greater than the Olympic Games." Pindar, Greek lyric poet, 5th century BC Origins The ancient Greeks first had the idea of getting men together every four years to hold and witness sporting events (in those days women did not participate, though they had their own, independent, events). The idea was to have the best athletes from all over Greece gather in one field and compete every four years. All wars and fighting had to stop while the athletes and their supporters came together in the town of Olympia for a few days to compete in a few events, mostly related to warfare (throwing the javelin, running, wrestling, boxing and chariot racing). The first written reference to the Games is 776 BC. They lasted until 389 AD. The idea of having the modern Games was suggested in the mid 19th century but they weren't a world event until 1896. Besides being postponed because of wars, they have been held since then every four years in different cities around the world.

42. History Of Women In Sports Timeline - Part 3 - 1930-1959 olympic rules restrict women competitors to three events. 1955 WillaWorthington McGuire wins her third world water-skiing overall title, http://www.northnet.org/stlawrenceaauw/timelne3.htm

to 1899 History of Women in Sports Timeline Part 3 - 1930-1959 "Loosen your girdle and let 'her fly!" Babe Didrikson Zaharias 1930 - Ruth Nichols sets a transcontinental speed record of 13 hours and 21 minutes, beating the record set by Charles Lindbergh. 1930 - Anne Morrow Lindbergh is the first woman to earn a glider pilot's license. 1930 - 17-year old Stella Walsh from Cleaveland, OH, sets her second world record in a week by running the 220-yard dash in 26 and 4/5 seconds. 1930 - On April 20, Charles and Anne Morrow Lindburgh set a transcontinental speed recprd. flying from Los Angeles to New York in 14 hours, 45 minutes. Anne was 7 months pregnant at the time. 1930 - Kinue Hitomi is the captain of the Japanese team at the Prague Women's Games, winning all of Japan's 15 points and 2 golds, 1 silver and 1 bronze, as well as a gold medal as the best all-around athlete. (She died in 1931 at age 24 of tuberculosis.) 1930 - Amy Johnson, an Englishwoman, sets a speed record flying from London to India of 13 days, while on her way to Austrailia, becoming the first woman to fly that distance solo. 1930 - Jennie Kelleher of Wisconsin is the first woman to bowl a perfect 300 game.

43. 2005: Anniversaries In Women's History 1980 A total of 233 women compete in the Winter olympic Games in Lake Placid -just 1955 - Willa Worthington McGuire wins her third world water-skiing http://www.northnet.org/stlawrenceaauw/2005bday.htm

2005: Anniversaries in Women's History 2005 National Women's Hall of Fame Inductees 25 Years Ago: 1980 Linda Eaton , 27, Iowa City's first woman firefighter, is awarded $28,400 in damages after a legal battle over her right to breastfeed her baby at the firehouse. 1980 - The AFL-CIO votes to reserve two seats on its 35 member executive team for a woman and a member of a minority group. Shirley Hufstedler , a former federal judge, becomes the first U.S. Secretary of Education. Mary Decker becomes the first woman to run a mile in 4:17:55 in Philadelphia. She is named the Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year for track. Eleanor Conn and her husband, Sidney, are the first to fly a hot air balloon over the North Pole. 1980 - A total of 233 women compete in the Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid - just 21 had competed there in 1932. 1980 - Field hockey becomes a medal sport for women in the Olympics. Grete Waitz beats her own time in the New York City Marathon with her third win in three years in a time of 2:25:41. 1980 - The Women's Sports Foundation establishes the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame.

44. Albrightsville Vacation Rentals House 6BR, Lakeview, Poconos / Albrightsville, P A day in the Poconos can include hiking, water skiing, snow skiing, kayaking,canoeing, in honor of one of the most famous athletes in olympic history. http://www.a1vacations.com/sunda/1/

A1 Vacation Rentals / PropertyID: 9864 6BR Lakeview Vacation Rental, Albrightsville, Pennsylvania USA USA-Pennsylvania Vacation Rentals , $3,000/week Vacation Rental House Poconos (Lakeview) Albrightsville, Pennsylvania USA 6 Bedrooms ~ 3 Bathrooms ~ Sleeps 12 - 3 Levels, Full Kitchen - (see local tourism info On-Site Huge House, Six Bedrooms, Hot Tub, Pool Table, Lake View Local Close to Skiing ,White-Water Rafting, and Beach Permissions Pets-ASK ~ Smoking-NO ~ Children-OK Weekly Rates, $US : $3,000/week (see rate details Availability : Request vacation rental dates when you INQUIRE Summary Amenities Local Info ... Phone Us! VACATION RENTAL SUMMARY: This new, custom-designed, spacious, six-bedroom/three-bath mountain home offers approximately 3,100 square feet of living space. This three-level home features large walls of glass facing the lake approximately 100 feet away. The home also has wonderful views of the mountains, with the Big Boulder ski slopes only two miles away. The home offers an eight-person hot tub, which is sunken in the floor in its own private room. Other features include stereo surround-sound and cathedral ceilings throughout. Plus there's a pool table, wet bar, and two fireplaces. There are two living rooms, three cable TVs/VCRs with stereo sound, a CD/cassette player, a refrigerator, microwave, washer, dryer, dishwasher, blender, toaster, coffeemaker, and ceiling fans.

45. Lake George Vacation Rentals Home 3BR, Lake George / Lake George, New York USA Close to skiing, Boating, Fishing, water skiing, Swimming Area Rights It wasin this facility that Eric Heiden made olympic history by winning 5 http://www.a1vacations.com/mylakeescape/1/

A1 Vacation Rentals / PropertyID: 16176 3BR Vacation Rental, Lake George, New York USA USA-New York Vacation Rentals , $800-$1,000/week Vacation Rental Home My Lake George Escape Lake George Lake George, New York USA 3 Bedrooms ~ 1 Bathroom ~ Sleeps 6 - 2 Levels, Full Kitchen - (see local tourism info On-Site Four-Season, Rustic, Three-Bedroom Home, Fireplace, Large Kitchen, Spacious Backyard, Quiet Street Local Short Drive to Village. Close to Skiing, Boating, Fishing, Water Skiing, Swimming Area Rights Permissions Pets-NO ~ Smoking-NO ~ Children-OK Weekly Rates, $US : $800-$1,000/week (see rate details Availability : Request vacation rental dates when you INQUIRE Summary Amenities Local Info ... Phone Us! VACATION RENTAL SUMMARY: My Lake George Escape This warm, rustic, four-season, three-bedroom/one-bath home is a great family vacation rental. The living room has an antique fireplace that brings you back to simpler times. A perfect "get away from it all" place. Yet, it's location is close to everything! Only a short drive to great family skiing and an even shorter drive to all the activities in the village. This home is located in a quiet and peaceful setting on a dead end street within walking distance to the lake lake access rights are included. There is plenty of room for children to play in it's large private back yard. You too will have plenty of room to relax.

46. 2006 University World Water Ski Championships history of University water skiing Although the request from the United StatesOlympic Committee raised a few eyebrows at the NCWSA, the decision was http://www.ncwsa.com/uwc/?page=history

47. Water Ski And Wakeboard Canada water Ski history. Ralph Samuelson was the first to attempt water skiing in June of The sport was demonstrated at the Olympics in 1972 but has yet to be http://www.waterski-wakeboard.ca/waterski_history_e.htm

Water Ski What is Water Skiing? Water Ski History Water Ski Rules Water Ski Articles Water Ski History Ralph Samuelson was the first to attempt water skiing in June of 1922. The eighteen-year-old from Minnesota thought that if you could ski on snow, then you could also ski on water. Ralph and his brother Ben experimented with the idea for a few days until in early July, Ralph stood up on two skis while being pulled by his brother. As for equipment, Ralph used a variety of materials including; barrel staves, snow skis and eventually formed water skis from lengths of wood. The ski rope was made from a long window sash and the skis were held on with leather strips. Ralph Samuelson never patented the water ski, so in 1925 Fred Waller became the first to patent a water ski called Dolphin AquaSkees. Water Skiing became primarily an exhibition sport, both in North America and Europe in the 1920s and early 1930s. It was not until the 1940's that the sport became competitive.

48. Jeffry Armstrong - Biography Jeffry Armstrong has been a part of water skiing since she first joined And, although she was instrumental in making water skiing part of the olympic http://www.waterskihalloffame.com/pages/Bios/Jeffry Armstrong.htm

Jeffry Armstrong 1999 Hall of Fame Inductee Jeffry Armstrong has been a part of water skiing since she first joined the American Water Ski Association in 1957. And, although she was instrumental in making water skiing part of the Olympic family in 1987, she considers her proudest accomplishment to be her appointment of the first AWSA Junior Development Committee. Jeffry has been a competitive water skier since 1962 and skied her first Nationals in 1974. She earned her judgeship during her first year as a competitor and began giving back to the sport she loves. In 1968, at the age of 26, Jeffrey became the youngest AWSA Senior Judge on record. Jeffry's love of water skiing began when she was a child in Mississippi. In fact, she first heard of her husband, Ralph, through some friends who talked about "those two boys in the next town (Ralph and his brother) who could ski backwards." "I 'bout killed myself trying to ski backwards when I heard about them" Jeffry says. Over the summer, she actually met Ralph at a friend's skating party and the next week they skied together every day. Ralph told her she hadn't been able to ski backwards because she was using the wrong ski. With his help, and the right ski, Jeffry learned the trick in no time. Jeffry assumed Ralph was her same age, 15 going on 16. When she asked him what grade he was in, he said he was a sophomore in college and 19 years old! "My folks really didn't want me to go out with him," she says.

49. Aquaskier - Water Sports Resources - Water Ski Tournaments - Information The International regulatory body promoting water skiing in the Olympics.Headlines, Event Calendar Links, water Ski history and Contact information. http://www.aquaskier.com/tournament_resources.htm

You are here: Home Navigation Main Page Barefooting Boat Hardware/Parts Boat Lettering ... Wetsuits/Drysuits/Vests Resources Discussion Board Photo Classifieds Virtual Cards Free-for-All Links ... Submit Press Release Contacts Advertising Information Suggestions/Feedback Aquaskier Newsletter Skier's Forecast Enter city or zip Governing Bodies International Water Ski Federation The International regulatory body promoting water skiing in the Olympics. Headlines, Event Calendar, Information, Directory of federations, Rulebooks, Downloadable files, Links and Contact information. IWSF Pan Am Region Member countries include Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, the United States and Venezuela. Affiliated Federation directory, News, Links, Pan Am Region history and Contact information IWSF EAME Region Member regions include Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Federation directory, Information on Tournament Water Skiing, Barefoot Skiing, Cable Skiing, Disabled Skiing, Racing and Wakeboarding. Links, Water Ski history and Contact information. World Wakeboard Association Their purpose is to introduce people to the sport of wakeboarding, sanction and govern all international and domestic events, and to help educate the public. Membership information, Trick List, Event calendar, Tournament results, News, Links and Contact information.

50. Barefoot History THE THRILL AND EXCITEMENT OF BAREFOOT water skiing. history In 1997, Barefootwater skiing was inducted as an official Sport of the other Olympics, http://www.waterskieame.org/b_gener.htm

THE ULTIMATE CHALLENGE THE THRILL AND EXCITEMENT OF BAREFOOT WATER SKIING HISTORY The sport of Barefoot Water Skiing began in the USA in the 1950's. Dick Pope Jnr. was the first person to be officially recorded as achieving this technique, although there is some doubt as to whether he was actually the first person ever to water ski without skis on his bare feet. The Australians were the first to really take it seriously and make it a competitive sport. In 1997, Barefoot Water Skiing was inducted as an official Sport of the "other Olympics," the World Games, which were held in Finland. Germany will host the next games in 2005. In Europe, the first European Championship was held in London during 1976, where eight countries took part. The championships have been held annually since then with up to 16 countries now participating. WHAT IS BAREFOOT WATER SKIING? As the name implies, Barefoot water skiing is simply water skiing without the aid of skis, or any other device attached to the skiers bare feet. Speed is the all important factor with most skiers requiring 62-65 kph (39-41 mph) compared with 48-58 kph (28-36 mph), being sufficient for anyone using the traditional wooden or fibre-glass water ski. Calm water conditions are also important for Barefoot Water Skiing. Competitive Barefoot Water Skiing falls into four events, all of which have similarities to conventional Water skiing. In the SLALOM (sometimes called wake slalom) event, the competitor has to cross the wake of the tow boat as many times as possible within two 15 second passes. Points are awarded for the number of whole or partial crossings completed. Each skier makes one pass in the forwards barefoot skiing position, the other in the backwards position. Crossings may be on one or two feet.

51. United States Olympic Committee - USA Water Ski Announces Its 2002 National Cham in history, said Steve McDermeit, USA water Ski s executive director. Events at the Disabled water Ski National Championships include slalom, http://www.usoc.org/73_4634.htm

Summer Team Sites Archery Badminton Baseball Basketball Bowling Boxing Canoe/Kayak Cycling Diving Equestrian Fencing Field Hockey Gymnastics Judo Karate Pentathlon Racquetball Roller Sports Rowing Sailing Shooting Soccer Softball Squash Swimming Synchro. Table Tennis Taekwondo Team Handball Tennis Triathlon Volleyball Water Polo Water Skiing Weightlifting Wrestling Winter Team Sites Biathlon Bobsled Curling Figure Skating Ice Hockey Luge Short Track Skeleton Skiing Snowboarding Speedskating U.S. Olympic Sites U.S. Olympic Fan Club Free eNewsletter U.S. Olympic Shop U.S. Paralympics Olympians on TV Photo Galleries Sports Jobs Ask an Olympian USOC Pressbox Athletes Events Sports Features ... 2004 games USA Water Ski Announces Its 2002 National Championships Series Of Events // by Jennifer Fickley - USA Water Ski (863-324-4341) // February 22, 2002 Athletes will compete for national titles during three-month stretch POLK CITY, Fla. - USA Water Ski today announced the dates and locations of the 2002 National Championships Series of Events - a string of competitions beginning Aug. 3 in Rock Island, Ill., and commencing on Oct. 19 in Austin, Texas. The competitions will feature top male and female athletes from USA Water Ski's eight sport divisions, in addition to ski flying and cable wakeboarding. "The 2002 National Championships Series of Events is sure to be one of the most exciting in history," said Steve McDermeit, USA Water Ski's executive director. "Over the course of three months, beginning in August, national championships will take place in seven states. Water ski fans across the country will certainly be treated to great performances by some of the United States' top water ski athletes."

52. History history OF THE TAMPA BAY water SKI SHOW TEAM. In the summer of 1922, making itappear as though they were some kind of official US olympic organization. http://www.tampawaterski.com/History.htm

HISTORY OF THE TAMPA BAY WATER SKI SHOW TEAM In the summer of 1922, history was made when Ralph Samuelson, an avid snow skier from Lake Pepin Minnesota, became the first person to ski across the water on a pair of skis. After noticing that snow skis would allow him to ride on top of the snow, he also believed that they could also keep him on top of the water. He nailed a pair of old boots to the ski, type a lied a rope behind a speedboat, and successfully skimmed across the service of Lake Pepin. As word of Ralph's accomplishments spread throughout the country, others began experimenting with the bizarre new stunt. Crowds of eager spectators would line the shores of the lakes and rivers to watch these daredevil men perform their water skiing. Thus, from the very beginnings of the sport, water skiing was considered a spectator event, which we now call "Show" skiing. In the late 1950s, a group of pioneering young men in the Tampa Bay area banded together to form a loose club of water skiers and spent many hours skiing on Lake Padgett in Land O' Lakes. One of the founders of this group, Stew McDonald, became a world-famous water skier and is now enshrined in the American Water Ski Hall of Fame. As the early Tampa skiers became more organized, they officially formed the Tampa Ski Bees and affiliated their club with the American Water Ski Association (AWSA). The Ski Bees moved their base of operation to Egypt Lake in the mid 1960's. Each Saturday afternoon the Ski Bees would perform a ski show for the patrons of Ralston Beach, a picnic area located on Egypt Lake. During the week, the skiers would practice the skill and routines used in their shows. From time to time they would have unofficial ski competitions with their Pinellas County neighbor, the Aquamaniacs Ski Club in Clearwater.

53. History Of Changes This is a list of changes made to information in the water Ski section of this request from water Ski Canada regarding water skiing and the Olympics. http://www.utoronto.ca/ski/water/history.html

History of changes This is a list of changes made to information in the Water Ski section of this World Wide Web site. This is a good place to check to see what's new and worth looking at! 27-April-1999 New Water Ski canada Web site 27-April-1999 New Ontario Water Ski Association Web site 30-Mar-1999 Version 99a2 of video jump program available. 3-Dec-1998 LLEWELLYN WINS IN ABU DHABI 21-Nov-1998 1998 Barefoot National Results Posted 5-Nov-1998 Quite a few updates to the new Barefooting section thanks to Shannahgn Magee 13-Oct-1998 WSC General Information added 7-Oct-1998 New barefoot page under construction 23-Sept-1998 1998 Canadian Nationals Results from Dartmouth, NS August 20-23, 1998 (in more detail now) 14-Sept-1998 1998 Canadian Nationals Results from Dartmouth, NS August 20-23, 1998 13-Sept-1998 30-Aug-1998 Extreme Barefoot and Wakeboard Nationals 21-Aug-1998 1998 Classic Nationals update from Dartmouth NS 20-Aug-1998 1998 Classic Nationals update from Dartmouth NS 18-Aug-1998 Updates to Water Ski Canada Press Releases 8-Jul-1998 New VIDJMP program available 2-Jul-1998 Updates to Saskatchewan site. Unfortunate vandalism incidents.

54. INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE - SPORTS olympic Sports The current olympic Games program includes 35 sports and nearly 400 Lacrosse, Rugby. Pelote basque, Tug of war. Polo, water skiing http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/past/index_uk.asp

SPORTS OLYMPIC SPORTS OF THE PAST OLYMPIC GAMES SPORTS ATHLETES NEWS ... ORGANISATION O LYMPIC SPORTS OF THE PAST Sports no longer practised at the Olympic Games Tug-of-war Tug-of-war was on the Olympic programme in 1900, 1904, 1906 (Intercalated Games), 1908, 1912 and 1920. Tug-of-war was always contested as a part of the track and field athletics programme, although it is now considered a separate sport. The Olympic champions were as follows: 1900: a combined Swedish/Danish team; 1904: an American club team representing the Milwaukee Athletic Club; 1906: Germany/Switzerland; 1908: a British team from the City of London Police Club; 1912: Sweden; and 1920: Great Britain. Golf Golf has been on the Olympic programme twice, in 1900 and 1904. There were two golf events in 1900 - one for gentlemen and one for ladies. Golf is one of the world's most popular sports, being played in well over 100 nations world-wide. Golf also has a long history, as it origins can be traced back several centuries, and it has had organised international competitions since the mid-19th century. In the last decade golf has made entreaties to be returned to the Olympic programme. Rugby Rugby football is one of the earliest forms of football in which the ball is carried rather than kicked. It developed in Great Britain in the mid-19th century. Originally, rugby league was considered the professional sport and rugby union the amateur one, but in 1995 the International Rugby Board made rugby union an open sport, allowing professional competition. Rugby union football was held at the Olympics in 1900, 1908, 1920 and 1924.

55. INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE - SPORTS water polo history Women s water polo made its olympic debut during the 2000Sydney Games. The Australian team became the first to win gold in this new http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/history_uk.asp?DiscCode=WP&sportCode=

56. Olympics - EnchantedLearning.com history of the olympic Flame flame The tradition of the olympic flame began during and biathlon (skiing and shooting). Sites of the ModernDay olympics http://www.enchantedlearning.com/olympics/

Join Enchanted Learning Site subscriptions last 12 months. Click here for more information on site membership. $20.00/year or other amount (directly by Credit Card $20.00/year or other amount (via PayPal As a thank-you bonus, site members have access to a banner-ad-free version of the site, with print-friendly pages. (Already a member? Click here. EnchantedLearning.com The Olympic Games: Summer 2004 in Athens, Greece Athens, Greece, will host the 2004 Summer Olympics. For information on Greece, click here . For a page on Greece's flag, click here The Games of the XXVIII Olympiad are being held in Athens, Greece. The opening ceremonies are on August 13, 2004. The closing ceremonies are on Sunday, August 29, 2004. The Ancient Olympics The ancient Greeks dedicated the Olympic Games to the god Zeus. The original games were held on the plain of Olympia in Peloponnesos, Greece. The Greeks held the first Olympic games in the year 776 BC (over 2700 years ago), and had only one event, a sprint (a short run that was called the "stade"). The race was run by men who competed in the nude. A wreath of olive branches was placed on the winner's head (in Greek, this is called a kotinos). The olive tree was the sacred tree of Athens, Greece. Women were neither allowed to compete in the games nor to watch them, because the games were dedicated to Zeus and were therefore meant for men.

57. Jason Lezak Cyber encyclopedia of Jewish history and culture that covers everything from to go waterskiing and gambling near Las Vegas with friends instead. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Lezak.html

Jason Lezak Jason Lezak was born on November 12, 1975, in Irvine, California. At the age of five, Jason Lezak joined the Irvine (California) Novaquatics swim team and has never left. He first qualified for the nationals while a senior in high school, but decided to go water-skiing and gambling near Las Vegas with friends instead. In 1994, Lezak was also a high school All-American in water polo. At Irvine, Lezak is coached by Dave Salo, who uses a unique training method that emphasizes quality over quantity. Lezak likes Salo's philosophy of concentration on fast-twitch muscles, and does not see the need to swim thousands of meters every day. Lezak began 1999 on a promising note, winning the bronze medal in the 100-meter freestyle at the U.S. Open. At the Pan Pacific Championships that year, Lezak won a silver medal as a member of the 400-meter freestyle relay team. After competing at the Olympic pool in the 1999 Pan American Championships in Sydney, however, he suffered from bulging discs in his back in October. His training was limited in 2000 due to his back injuries and to tendinitis in his elbow. Lezak recovered in time for the 2000 U.S. Olympic Trials, where he finished fourth in the 100-meter freestyle with a personal best of 49.15 seconds and qualified for the relay team. He also finished fifth in the 50-meter freestyle at the Olympic Trials.

58. Justachat Search - Skiing International olympic Committee Freestyle skiing Includes history Offers waterskiing, wakeboarding and windsurfing on a safe inland lake on the http://www.justachat.com/search/search.cgi?keywords=skiing

59. Cross Country Skiing Information on this sport s history, olympic history and events, GETTING INSHAPE FOR CROSSCOUNTRY skiing. Watching olympic athletes often motivates http://www.fitness.gov/skiing.html

History At the Olympics Schedule Skiers To Watch ... Credits/References Information on this sport's history, Olympic history and events, and the sports terms and glossary has been provided by www.NBCOlympics.com and www.Olympics.com [Olympics Main] [Getting In Shape] [Safety Tips] ... [Ice Hockey] HISTORY Cross-country or nordic is the oldest form of skiing. There is evidence that primi- tive skis were used in Norway over 5,000 years ago. As early as the 10 th century, cross-country skiing was basic transportation. Vikings in Northern Europe got around on skis when traversing relatively flat landscapes. Ski competitions started in Norway in the 19 th century. Norway's famous Holmenkollen ski festival began in 1892. At first the main focus at nordic festivals was the combined event of cross-country skiing and ski jumping. In 1900, a separate cross-country race was held at the Holmenkollen. Cross-country competition was added to the Winter Olympics at Chamonix in 1924 and has been part of competition since that time. The events held at the first cross-country competition were the 15km and the 50km. A women's cross-country event, the 10km, was added to the program in 1952. CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING AT THE OLYMPICS In competitions today, cross-country skiing is divided into two techniques — classical (diagonal stride) and freestyle, with separate events for men and women.

60. Downhill Skiing Olympics.com. history. Alpine skiing evolved from crosscountry skiing. A water-resistant outer layer to break the wind and allow some ventilation http://www.fitness.gov/snowshoeing.html

[Olympics Main] [Getting In Shape] [Safety Tips] [Schedule] ... Credits/References Information on this sport's history, Olympic history and events, and the sports terms has been provided by www.NBCOlympics.com and www.Olympics.com HISTORY Alpine skiing evolved from cross-country skiing. There is evidence that primitive skis were used in Norway over 5,000 years ago. As early as the 10 th century, Vikings in Northern Europe got around on skis when they hunted snow-covered hills. Skiing expanded throughout Scandinavia and Russia as a mode of winter transportation and eventually became a sport similar to cross-country skiing. The first alpine competition, a primitive downhill event, was held in the 1850s. The sport spread over the next few decades to other parts of Europe and the United States, where miners amused themselves with ski competitions during winter months. Modern alpine racing was invented by an Englishman, Sir Arnold Lunn, and an Austrian, Hannes Schneider. After traveling through the Alps for years, Lunn dreamed of racing through the majestic mountain range. He organized the first slalom in 1922, in Muerren, Switzerland, and later joined forces with Schneider to organize the first Olympic alpine event. The Arlberg-Kandahar, a combined slalom and downhill event was the first legitimate alpine race and led to inclusion of alpine skiing in the Olympic program. Alpine skiing became part of the Olympic program at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Games. The first Alpine skiing program in the Olympics that year was a men's and women's combined event, featuring a

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