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         War Of 1812 American History:     more books (100)
  1. The Naval War of 1812: Or the History of the United States Navy During the Last War With Great Britain to Which Is Appended an Account of the Battle of New Orleans (Classics of Naval Literature) by Theodore Roosevelt, 1987-07
  2. The War of 1812: The War That Both Sides Won by Wesley B. Turner, 2000-05-15
  3. Amateurs, to Arms!: A Military History of the War of 1812 (Major Battles and Campaigns) by John R. Elting, 1995-09-01
  4. The War of 1812 (Da Capo Paperback) by John K. Mahon, 1991-04
  5. The Iroquois in the War of 1812 by Carl Benn, 1998-10-17
  6. From War to Peace : The Story of Great Britain and the United States (from the American Revolution, the War of 1812 to the Oregon Treaty) (Study Guide for Students Included) by William Lambers, 2000-04-24
  7. Kentucky and the Second American Revolution: The War of 1812 (Kentucky Bicentennial Bookshelf) by James Wallace Hammack, 1976-09
  8. The War of 1812: The New American Nation Goes to War With England (Life in the New American Nation) by Mark Beyer, 2003-04
  9. We Who Dared to Say No to War: American Antiwar Writing from 1812 to Now by Murray Polner, Thomas E. Woods Jr., 2008-09-08
  10. Guidebook to the Historic Sites of the War of 1812 by Gilbert Collins, 2006-05-01
  11. World History Series - The War of 1812 (World History Series) by Don Nardo, 1999-09-01
  12. The Invasion of Canada: Battles of the War of 1812 by Ronald J. Dale, 2001-10-26
  13. A History Of American Privateers by Edgar Stanton Maclay, 2005-06-15
  14. The Naval Chronicle: The Contemporary Record of the Royal Navy at War, Vol. 5, 1810-1815: The Defeat of Napoleon and the American War of 1812 and Complete Index

41. 19th Century American History
war of 1812 history Tecumseh His Role in the Cause and Conduct of the war of 1812 The history Guy The Mexicanamerican war. BUTTON.GIF
http://members.aol.com/TeacherNet/19Am.html
19th Century American History
How to do Research using the Navigation Aids: 1. By clicking on the Hotlinks, you will be taken directly to the exact location where the Topic is located on the page. 2. When you click on a site located under a topic, another browser window will open automatically for you on top of this page. With your mouse, drag the new wiindow down below the Topic you are researching. Now every time you click on a site, the material will appear in this window. This will allow you to quickly and easily read the material and go through each site listed without losing this page. 3. Remember to cite the "web sites and their authors" given below as your information "sources" in your paper or presentation for citation/bibliographic purposes. Hotlinks: Table of Contents: Main Sources
NINETEENTH CENTURY U.S.

From Revolution to Reconstruction

American History 102: 1865-Present

Congress, Law, and Politics
...
Internet History of Science Sourcebook
Inflation Comparison to Today
The Inflation Calculator - see what the prices were compared to today!

42. The Quiz: Did Your High School History Prepare You To Take This Test?
Which war gets the least coverage in american history textbooks? King Phillip s war French and Indian war american Revolution war of 1812 Mexican war
http://www.summitassociatesinc.com/cgi-bin/quiz.pl/ask/quest.html
Did High School History Prepare You to Take This Test...
Based on information in Lies My Teacher Told Me , here are 23 questions to test your knowledge of the quirks and quarks of American history. Biography Lies My Teacher Told Me Lies Across America Have James Loewen Speak ... Help With James Loewen's Next Book

  • The first black baseball player in the Major Leagues was Jackie Robinson.
    True
    False
  • Ponce de Leon went to Florida to seek the mythical fountain of youth.
    True
    False
  • George Wallace was considered racist for saying, "I have no purpose to introduce political and social equality between the white and black races. There is a physical difference between the two which . . . will probably forever forbid their living together, . . . and I am in favor of the race to which I belong having the superior position."
    True
    False
  • White Americans forced roaming Indians to settle down and farm.
  • 43. ReferenceResources:Warof1812
    ReLiving history The war of 1812 Information on the war of 1812 The People, history Place american Revolution, Civil war, featured articles,
    http://www.kidinfo.com/American_History/Warof1812.html
    Reference Resources: War of 1812 History Search Engine HistoryBuff : Search for resources and information about the War of 1812 War of 1812 War of 1812 Links Links to sites about the War of 1812 Key Events and Causes of the War of 1812 Re-Living History: The War of 1812 Information on the War of 1812: The People, Causes, battles, results, timeline War of 1812: Fort Erie Pictures; Other War of 1812 Events, GREAT Links under More 1812 information War of 1812 A History of Canada's part in the war War of 1812: An Illustrated Chronology Facts; photographs The War of 1812 Facts and Background Information War of 1812 - 1814 A comprehensive site about the events, the soldiers, the battle, and MORE War of 1812 Links War of 1812 Website The War of 1812 Military Heritage Website Articles, extensive links, and the largest collection of War of 1812 images on the internet.

    44. War Of 1812 Index
    war of 1812 Overview 1. Summary of Operations in the North, 1812 1814 Our Mission american history Division International history Division
    http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/1812/war of 1812 index.htm
    Table of Contents Description of Map Symbols War of 1812 Overview 1. Summary of Operations in the North, 1812 - 1814 2. Operations along the Niagra River, 1813 - 1814 ... Return to Atlases

    45. 1812 WAR INDEX PAGE
    The war of 1812. A history of Illinois, rosters and muster rolls of the men who served Between 1803 and 1812 nearly 1500 american ships were seized.
    http://www.iltrails.org/1812hx.htm
    Presents...
    THE WAR of 1812
    CLICK ON MAP FOR FULL VERSION A SHORT HISTORY OF THE EVENTS IN ILLINOIS BEFORE DURING AND AFTER THE WAR OF 1812 The former Territorial Governments had begun obtaining the land of the Native Americans in a series of Treaties. These treaties exchanged land for yearly payments of money and presents. The Indians were not satisfied and took advantage of the War of 1812 to side with the British. The tribes involved were the Potawatomi, Kickappo, and The Sac and Fox. During the both French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic wars between France and Great Britain both parties violated the maritime rights of the neutral powers. This especially affected the United States. The British Navy impressed (kidnapped and took aboard for service) thousands of seamen from vessels registered in the U.S. which include naturalized Americans claiming they were either deserters of British subjects. In 1807 the British Frigate Leopard fired on the U.S.S. Chesapeake in American Territorial Waters, then removed and later excecuted 4 crewmen. Britain also was seizing vessels which were bound for Europe but didn't stop first in Britain. Between 1803 and 1812 nearly 1500 American ships were seized. The American's were prepared to answer with economic sanctions. A trade ban was imposed on Britain in Nov. 1810 but Britain refused to comply and President Madison summoned Congress into session in November of 1811 to prepare for was. War was declared on Great Britain 18 Jun 1812.

    46. The War Of 1812
    Galafilm Multimedia s war of 1812 An exciting way to explore the war and anybody interested in this fascinating period of North american history.
    http://www.galafilm.com/1812/e/
    AVAILABLE SOON!!!
    The War of 1812 CD-Rom Featuring:
    Re-enactments of key battles; over 300 essays; over 700 images; hundreds of excerpts from first hand accounts; professional historians' analysis; and more than 100 QT movies. The War of 1812 Study Guide
    Experience a sample lesson Also, take a look at Galafilm's award winning 4-part documentary series, directed by Brian McKenna :
    To order the videos Welcome to the Galafilm War of 1812 website! Produced as a companion to our four part documentary film production on the 1812 conflict, which was directed by Brian McKenna, this site is intended for students, teachers and anybody interested in this fascinating period of North American history.
    In order to navigate this website properly, it is necessary to obtain the Shockwave Plug-in. If you do not see the navigational bar below, click here to download Shockwave. Once you have the plug-in, move your mouse over the bar and choose any of the six major sections: Introduction People and Stories Events and Locations Background and Ideas ... Exploration and Quiz , or Image Gallery and Catalogues

    47. Remember > History Of Sacrifice > War Of 1812
    In one of the most important battles of the war, american naval forces, under The flag is being refurbished at the National Museum of american history
    http://www.remember.gov/HistoryOfSacrifice/Warof1812/tabid/77/Default.aspx
    Tuesday, September 27, 2005 Login Register       Home       Who We Are ...       508 Accessible Version
    The War of 1812 is one of the forgotten wars of the United States. The war lasted for over two years, and while it ended much like it started, in stalemate, it was in fact a war that once and for all confirmed American Independence. The offensive actions of the United States failed in every attempt to capture Canada. On the other hand, the British army was successfully stopped when it attempted to capture Baltimore and New Orleans. There were a number of American naval victories in which American vessels proved themselves superior to similarly sized British vessels. These victories coming after victories in the Quasi War (an even more forgotten war) launched American naval traditions.
    The United States declared War on Great Britain on June 12, 1812. The war was declared as a result of long simmering disputes with Great Britian. The central dispute surrounded the impressment of American soldiers by the British. The British had previously attacked the USS Chesapeake and nearly caused a war two years earlier. In addition, disputes continued with Great Britain over the Northwest Territories and the border with Canada. Finally, the attempts of Great Britain to impose a blockade on France during the Napoleonic Wars was a constant source of conflict with the United States.
    Source: "New Nation: America 1787-1820" CD-ROM, MultiEducator, Inc.

    48. U.S.A. History Home Page
    The following time line shows major events in american history. The american Revolution The Louisiana Purchase The war of 1812
    http://www.kidport.com/RefLib/UsaHistory/UsaHistoryIndex.htm
    History of the United States
    The following time line shows major events in American History. Click on any of the events for more detail. Native Americans Christopher Columbus European Exploration Pilgrims - The First Thanksgiving ... The Mexican War World War I The Great Depression World War II The Moon Landing Vietnam War US Presidents US Symbols

    49. American Revolutionary War History Resources
    Comprehensive history research resource for the american Revolutionary war. Revolutionary war and war of 1812 Historic Preservation Study
    http://users.snowcrest.net/jmike/amrevmil.html
    This History resource page is intended to ease the search for quality sites. If you find a dead link or wish to offer a friendly suggestion please email us. This site is updated quarterly. Sponsors Click on a topic listed below Need to read more about The American Revolution History?
    CLICK HERE! Online Stores History Teacher's Mall Primary Source History Bookstore Documentary Videos Online 74th (Highland) Regiment of Foot ... Liberty: The American Revolution
    (PBS) Liberty: Lexington and Concord Loyalist/British songs and poetry of the American Revolution Loyal American Regiment, 1777-1783 Main States 1776-1800 ... Yorktown
    Cool Links
    Histor eSearch.com Gourmet Rock and Roll
    Online Stores
    History Teacher's Mall Primary Source History Bookstore Documentary Videos Online History Travel

    50. The Gilder Lehrman Institute Of American History. For Teachers And Students
    This commercial warfare gradually escalated into the war of 1812, in which the United States waged war with How would american history be different if
    http://www.gilderlehrman.org/teachers/boisterous/section4_6.html
    (Detail) George Washington, print. 1853. Washington crossing the Delaware.
    Choose a segment Segment 1. First Encounters Segment 2. European Colonization North of Mexico Segment 3. A Land of Contrasts Segment 4. The Seven Years' War Segment 5. The Age of Revolution, 1765-1825 Segment 6. Creating a New Nation Segment 7. Antebellum America Segment 8. Civil War
    Historical Overview
    The Constitution had scarcely been drafted and ratified when political divisions began to emerge over Alexander Hamilton's economic program, which envisioned a political economy that had no place for slavery. Political polarization was intensified by the French Revolution, by France's efforts to entangle America in its war with Britain, by popular protests in western Pennsylvania against a federal excise tax on whiskey, an undeclared naval war with France, and enactment of the Alien and Sedition Acts. For a quarter century, the new nation wrestled with threats to its existence. It faced repeated schemes to manipulate presidential elections, plots to dismember the country, and threats of secession. A former Vice President even found himself put on trial for treason.
    Overseas events carried profound consequences for the new republic. The French defeat by the Haitians in 1803 convinced Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States. The prolonged war between France and Britain led both countries to interfere with American shipping. This commercial warfare gradually escalated into the War of 1812, in which the United States waged war with Britain and defeated powerful Indian confederations in the Old Northwest and the South.

    51. War Of 1812: Information From Answers.com
    american history. war Of 1812. The war of 1812, sometimes called the Second war of Independence, was american history information about war of 1812
    http://www.answers.com/topic/war-of-1812
    showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Encyclopedia History WordNet US History Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping War of 1812 Encyclopedia War of 1812, armed conflict between the United States and Great Britain, 1812–15. It followed a period of great stress between the two nations as a result of the treatment of neutral countries by both France and England during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , in which the latter two were antagonists (1793–1801, 1803–14). Causes of the War American shippers took advantage of the hostilities in Europe to absorb the carrying trade between Europe and the French and Spanish islands in the West Indies. By breaking the passage with a stop in a U.S. port, they evaded seizure under the British rule of 1756, which forbade to neutrals in wartime trade that was not allowed in peacetime. In 1805, however, in the Essex Case, a British court ruled that U.S. ships breaking passage at an American port did not circumvent the prohibitions set out in the rule of 1756. As a result the seizure of American ships by Great Britain increased. The following year Great Britain instituted a partial blockade of the European coast. The French emperor, Napoleon I, retaliated with a blockade of the British Isles. Napoleon's Continental System, which was intended to exclude British goods or goods cleared through Britain from countries under French control, and the British orders in council (1807), which forbade trade with France except after touching at English ports, threatened the American merchant fleet with confiscation by one side or the other. Although the French subjected American ships to considerable arbitrary treatment, the difficulties with England were more apparent. The

    52. American History
    war of 1812. american military history war of 1812 http//www.militaryheritage.com/1812.html. *Named Campaigns war of 1812
    http://mciunix.mciu.k12.pa.us/~spjvweb/stuameri.html
    American History General Links American Revolution AP U.S. History The Twentieth Century ... Thirties The Decades / American Studies Television Show Be sure to check Beyond Books.com and GaleNet's Student Resource Center For Primary Sources General Links **Biography of America http://www.learner.org/biographyofamerica/ http://www.biography.com/find/find.html African American Almanac http://toptags.com/aama/ America's Story From America's Library http://www.americaslibrary.gov/ AmDocs: Documents for the Study of American History http://www.ukans.edu/carrie/docs/amdocs_index.html American History 102 (college lecture notes) http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/ American Memory Learning Page http://lcweb2.loc.gov/learn/ American Memory Collection Finder http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/collections/finder.html American Social History Project http://www.ashp.cuny.edu American Studies Crossroads Project http://www.georgetown.edu/crossroads/ American Studies Web http://cfdev.georgetown.edu/cndls/asw/ Ben's Guide to U.S. Government for Kids http://bensguide.gpo.gov/

    53. 11. American History To 1865. The New Dictionary Of Cultural Literacy, Third Edi
    american history to 1865. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. The war of 1812 between Britain and the United States severely damaged
    http://www.bartleby.com/59/11/
    Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. American History to 1865 The era between the first permanent English settlements in North America in the early 1600s and the signing of the Declaration of Independence Britain led to the Revolutionary War (or American Revolution). The fighting phase of the war lasted from 1775 to the Battle of

    54. 19th Century America
    american MILITARY history The Formative Years, 17831812 Major Battles of the war of 1812 in the US american Military history The war of 1812
    http://www.teacheroz.com/19thcent.htm
    19th Century America
    Updated July 11, 2005
    JUMP TO.....

    Primary Documents - Timelines - Maps
    1800 - 1850: From Jefferson to the coming of the Civil War Industrial Revolution Women's Rights ... Various Misc. Topics PRIMARY DOCUMENTS
    The Avalon Project : 19th Century Documents

    Chronological List of Primary Documents at the Library of Congress

    The Avalon Project : Louisiana Purchase; 1803 and Associated Documents

    The Avalon Project : Louisiana Purchase Treaty; April 30,1803
    ...
    Frederick Jackson Turner: The Frontier In American History
    - the "Father of Western History" - complete text! For a specific chapter, check Turner: Table of Contents
    A Literary History of the American West

    The Nineteenth Century in Print: the Making of America in Periodicals

    1805 New England Primer Contents
    ... 1807 New England Primer Contents More Documents are listed below that relate to each topic. Also, check out my main General U.S.A. History . For Civil War documents, check out my Civil War Primary Documents webpage. TIMELINES OF THE 19TH CENTURY 19th Century American Culture Kingwood College Library SECTIONAL ISSUES 1815-1860 1815-1841: The Age of Jackson and Ante-Bellum Reform Timeline 1845-1916: Gilded Age: From Frontier to Factory Timeline ... Historical Timeline of Transcontinental Railroads For many more timelines, check out each topic below or visit the timeline section on my

    55. Native Americans
    THE AFRICANNATIVE american history GENEALOGY WEBPAGE Tecumseh His Role in the Cause and Conduct of the war of 1812 THE INDIAN warS
    http://www.teacheroz.com/Native_Americans.htm
    Updated July 19, 2003
    PRIMARY DOCUMENTS

    Treaties Between the United States and Native Americans

    The Avalon Project : Statutes of the United States Concerning Native Americans

    World History Archives: Indigenous Peoples of the Americas

    KAPPLER'S INDIAN AFFAIRS: LAWS AND TREATIES
    ...
    IMAGES: The Illustrating Traveler: Customs of the Country

    More primary documents are available within some of the sites listed below.
    Alphabetical Listing of Reservations

    THIS WEEK IN NORTH "AMERICAN INDIAN" HISTORY by PHIL KONSTANTIN

    Native Ways..A journey through modern Native America
    Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Native American Resources ... Linkpage: Native Web Pages Listings For info on the Maya, Inca, Aztec and other Central and South American native cultures, please visit my Meso and Latin America page. NATIVE AMERICANS - LEGISLATION - ISSUES - AGENCIES CODETALK: Code Talk is the official website of HUD's ONAP Legislation Affecting the American Indian Community Legislation Impacting American Indians American Indian Liaison Office ... American Indian Gambling and Casino Information Center TIMELINES TIMELINE: Native American History Native American Timeline TIMELINE: Canadian St. Lawrence River Valley Native Tribes

    56. The History Of Canada And Canadians - The War Of 1812
    The war of 1812 history of Canada and Canadians. during the war against Napoleon. In addition, England had interfered with american trade with Europe.
    http://www.linksnorth.com/canada-history/thewarof1812.html
    THE HISTORY OF CANADA The War of 1812 Meanwhile the British colonies far to the east found themselves involved with the United States in a new war that threatened to end their existence under the English flag. The declaration of war announced by the United States had several causes. Chief among these was Britain's insistence on its right to search American vessels for deserters from its own navy during the war against Napoleon. In addition, England had interfered with American trade with Europe. It was claimed too that the British in Canada had been inciting the Indians against the American settlements along the northwestern frontier. The early hopes of the United States to drive the British entirely from North America were dashed by a series of defeats at the hands of British regulars and Canadian militia forces. Fort Michilimackinac, at the entrance to Lake Michigan, was captured by the British soon after the outbreak of fighting and was not recaptured during the remainder of the war. An American attack across the Detroit border was not only forced back but, under the brilliant generalship of Gen. Isaac Brock, ably assisted by the Shawnee chieftain Tecumseh and his warriors, was turned into a disastrous defeat. The army defending Detroit was forced to surrender, and the fort itself fell into British hands. Later the same year, the United States launched an attack on the Niagara frontier. Brock was killed early during the fighting at Queenston Heights, but the invasion was repulsed.

    57. American History For Students
    Your One Stop Shop for Every Major Event/Figure in american history Who were Tecumseh and the Prophet ? What was the war of 1812 about?
    http://www.mrburnett.net/ushistory1.html
    Sign my Guestbook. View my Guestbook. Search this site powered by FreeFind
    Your One Stop Shop for Every Major Event/Figure in American History AP United States History Notean History Don't Know Much About History Kenneth C. Davis Page created by Eric Burnett Brave New World Who really "discovered" America? If he wasn't interested in the Bahamas, what was Columbus looking for in the first place? So if Columbus didn't really discover America, who did? Okay, the Indians really discovered America. Who were they, and how did they get here? If Columbus was so important, how come we don't live in the United States of Columbus? Where were the first European settlements in the New World? If the Spanish were here first, what was so important about Jamestown? What was the Northwest Passage? What was the Lost Colony? When and how did Jamestown get started? Did Pocahontas really save John Smith's life? What was the House of Burgesses? Who started the slave trade? Who were the Pilgrims, and what did they want?

    58. War Of 1812 - Liberty - Themepark
    Slavery in America African american history World war I Francis Scott Key was an american attorney. During the war of 1812, he boarded a British
    http://www.uen.org/themepark/liberty/warof1812.shtml
    United States Symbols of Liberty
    United States Colonial History

    United States Historical Documents

    United States Historical Places
    ... Capital Cities War of 1812 The American Revolution was, of course, fought between America and Great Britain. The second war between America and Great Britain was the War of 1812. Some historians feel that this was an unnecessary war and that the conflicts between the two countries could have been solved peacefully if both sides had communicated more effectively. Tension had been building up between Great Britain and the United States for several years. The tension was about how the British treated American sailors, how the British were befriending Native Americans, and also about trade policies and taxes. When the war ended in December of 1814, the military fighting stopped, but none of the issues that started the war had been resolved. Sample some of the following activities to learn more about the War of 1812. Places To Go People To See Things To Do Bibliography Places To Go The following are places to go (some real and some virtual) to find out about the War of 1812.

    59. Money In North American History
    Money in North american history. From Wampum to Electronic Funds Transfer The american Revolution and the war of 1812
    http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/northamerica.html
    Money in North American History
    From Wampum to Electronic Funds Transfer
    See also Money in Fiction Financial Scandals How did the United States develop into the world's richest and most powerful nation from an inauspicious beginning as a collection of colonies where currency was in such chronically short supply that all sorts of substitutes, e.g. tobacco and wampum, had to be used as money? Apart from its intrinsic interest, history can often shed light on current political controversies. Many political disputes revolve around questions of economics and of all the matters that fall under the purview of economic history there is one that has had, and still has, a profound impact on many aspects of everyone's daily life, and that is money. This essay is based on a book on monetary history by Glyn Davies which contains a considerable amount of material on the financial development of the United States.
    The reference is: Davies, Glyn. A history of money from ancient times to the present day, 3rd ed. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2002. 720 pages. Paperback: ISBN 7083 1717 0.

    60. Oneida Indian Nation - Culture & History - Oneidas In The War Of 1812
    side during the Britishamerican struggle called the war of 1812 (1812-1814). Babcock, Louis L. 1927 The war of 1812 on the Niagara Frontier.
    http://www.oneida-nation.net/1812.html
    written by Anthony Wonderley, Ph.D - Nation Historian Members of a sovereign nation, Oneidas feel they can't be forced morally or legally to serve in the armed forces of another nation. But they have always volunteered to fight on behalf of the American government. Oneidas have served in the armed forces of the United States from the Revolutionary War to Desert Storm. Well over 100 Oneidas (out of a total population of some 650) fought on the American side during the British-American struggle called the War of 1812 (1812-1814). They fought in several battles (including virtually the only American victories) on two fronts. Oneidas were active on the Northern New York Frontier around Sackets Harbor, New York, the major U.S. naval base on Lake Ontario, and they fought near Buffalo on the Canadian side of the Niagara River. Part of Ontario today, that region then was called the Niagara Frontier by the Americans and Upper Canada by the English and British Canadians. Oneida sentiments were expressed in the Six Nations declaration of war in July of 1813: "we do hereby command and advise all the War Chiefs to call forth immediately their warriors under them to put them in motion to protect their rights and liberties which our brethren the Americans are now defending" (Babcock 1927:108). Several days earlier, an Iroquois speaker had told his people "that the country was invaded, that they had one common interest with the people of the United States, that they had every thing dear at stake, that the time had arrived for them to show their friendship for their brethren of the United States not only in words but in deeds" (Snyder 1978:69).

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