Skills and Change: A Synthesis of Findings of a Multi-Country Study of Vocational Education and Training Reforms This summary synthesizes the findings of a joint World Bank-International Labour Organization of nineteen countries. It is based on the introductory chapter in Skills and Change: Constraints and Innovation in the Reform of Vocational Education and Training, edited by Indermit Gill and Fred Fluitman, with the assistance of Amit Dar.
The views expressed here are those of the authors, and should not be attributed to their respective organizations. Demand-side pressures: the roots of reform - Pressures due to high labor force growth
... Notes Synthesis of findings Introduction Demand -side pressures: the roots of reform The sample countries can be classified into three groups by their labor market characteristics. The first group has high labor force growth, low employment growth, and (consequently) high unemployment and underemployment rates - these are relatively low growth developing countries in Africa and the Middle East, represented here by South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Jordan, Egypt, and West Bank and Gaza. The second group has high labor force and employment growth, and low unemployment rates - these are the emerging market countries of East Asia and Latin America, represented here by China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Korea, Chile, and Mexico. The third group consists of those with low labor force growth, low employment growth, and high unemployment rates - these are countries in transition to market, represented here by Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Russia, and Kazakstan. | |
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