81. Introduction (Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture) Rome Reborn The vatican Library Renaissance culture Studi e Testi 332 (vaticanCity, 1989), and the preface by the present writer there; Paolo Vian, http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/vatican/intro.html

The Library of Congress Exhibitions HOME Exhibition Sections: Introduction The Vatican Library Archaeology Humanism ... Credits INTRODUCTION The Vatican Library by Father Leonard Eugene Boyle, O.P. Ad decorem of 1475, then in practice between 1475 and 1481, when the redoubtable Bartolomeo Platina was his librarian. Does it really matter which pope gets the credit for founding the Vatican Library? It could be argued that it does, not least because the spirit and ideals of a founder are not without some importance when assessing the genius of a library. But there is also the plain fact that for all the beauty and decor of its physical location and the splendor of its organization, a library is not a library without books. For all that Sixtus IV is known to have contributed some of his own books to the library in his lifetime, and to have acquired others, there is also the inescapable fact that Sixtus did not have to begin from scratch. He had in fact inherited from Nicholas a large library of some 1,100 codices in Nicholas's Latin and Greek libraries, not to speak of the unrecorded contents of the Bibliotheca secreta or papal library proper. More importantly, he had inherited a library that was not simply a haphazard accumulation from the papal past, but a library whose purpose was already set.

82. Italy & Vatican City Trivia, Quizzes, Quiz Questions, Fun Facts, Information Italy has seen a nonstop procession of cultural pilgrims . The VaticanCity - a state that claims to be guided by forces beyond this planet. http://www.funtrivia.com/quizzes/geography/europe/italy__vatican_city.html

Home Quizzes Global Challenge Prize Games ... Become a Gold Member Now - Get cool FunTrivia features and see no ads or popups! Home Quizzes Geography Europe ... Enter the Geography Chat Board Category Editors: minch LilahDeDah Newest Geography Quizzes Create: Read Me First Quizzes Title Difficulty Played Online Author An Italian Vacation I feel like a vacation, and where better to travel than beautiful Italy? You are invited to come along for the ride, since I have purchased two plane tickets... Tough Jan 22 04 thejazzkickazz The Beauties of Liguria Located in the North-West of Italy, along the Mediterranean Sea, Liguria is known as the region Cristoforo Colombo hailed from. But there is more to it: come and discover! Tough Jun 06 04 9 for 10 - Italy Ten questions about Italy. If you get the right answers to the first nine questions, the initial letter of each answer will spell the answer to the last question. Tough Oct 27 04 minch Venice, City of Saint Mark Venice is my choice as the most beautiful and most interesting city in the world. This is my quiz about the city with special attention to her patron saint, St. Mark. Tough Nov 17 03 griffinj Travels in Italy Frequent visitors to Italy should find this multiple choice quiz very easy, but even those who have never been should be able to answer many of the questions.

83. Search Back Riga HOLY SEE STATE OF VATICAN CITY General Flag, Coat of arms and Seal of the Holy See and of the vatican city State artistic and cultural patrimony worthy of being respected and protected as a http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/inf

HOLY SEE STATE OF VATICAN CITY General Information [Updated: 10.01.2005] Map of Vatican City Territory of Vatican City Coordinates of Vatican City State Structure and Diplomatic Relations ... Internet Domain Map of Vatican City Legend Bronze Doors, Stairway of Pius IX and Royal Stairway Arch of the Bells Petriano Entrance Bastion of Nicholas V (IOR) Palace of Sixtus V (Residence of the Holy Father) Palace of Gregory XIII Medieval Palace (Secretariat of State) Borgia Tower Sistine Chapel Hall of Ligorio Hall of Sixtus V (Apostolic Library) Courtyard of the Library New Wing of the Chiaramonti Museum Tower of the Winds Hall of Bramante Court of the "Pigna" Fountain of the "Galera" Stairway of Bramante Palace of Belvedere Pius-Clementine Museum Atrium of the Four Gates Entrance/Exit of the Vatican Museums Vatican Pinacoteca Gregorian-Profane, Pio-Christian and Missionary-Ethnological Museums

84. Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture The Holy See administers the vatican city, including all diplomatic functions;foreign embassies are accredited to the Holy See rather than to the vatican http://www.irelandinformationguide.com/Holy_See

Article History Create an account or log in Ireland Holy See The term Holy See Latin Sancta Sedes , lit. "holy seat") refers in a geographic sense to the episcopal see of Rome , of which the Pope is the ordinary ( i.e. , the diocesan bishop ); in canon law, the terms Holy See and Apostolic See refer to the Pope ("Roman Pontiff") and the Roman Curia together unless otherwise indicated by context (can. 361). Because in this latter sense the Holy See comprises both the Pope and the Roman Curia, it is effectually the government of the Catholic Church ; as such, it is recognised as having a legal personality under international law. Although the Holy See is closely associated with the State of the Vatican City , the independent, sovereign state governed by the Holy See, the two entities are in fact separate and distinct. The Holy See administers the Vatican City, including all diplomatic functions; foreign embassies are accredited to the Holy See rather than to the Vatican City, and the Holy See establishes diplomatic agreements ("Concordats") with other sovereign states, on behalf both of itself and of the Vatican City (as appropriate). Generally speaking, the Holy See is a party on its own behalf to treaties of Ecclesiastical interest, and a party on the Vatican City's behalf to treaties of technical significance ( e.g.

85. Vatican Information Service Catholic Centers and the Challenge of Cultural Dialogue vatican city, JUL 8,2005 (VIS) In the Holy See Press Office at 11.30 am on Monday, July 11, http://www.scmo.org.uk/_titles/vatican_view.asp?id=766

86. Catholic Culture : Site Review : Vatican Information Service Catholic Web Site Review vatican Information Service The vatican culture Media. MORE INFO. Website Established 05/01/91. vatican Sala Stampa http://www.catholicculture.org/sites/site_view.cfm?recnum=1303

87. Catholic Culture : Site Review : The Holy See Catholic Web Site Review The Holy See This is the official vatican web site.Anything you need to know about the vatican is on this site and much more. http://www.catholicculture.org/sites/site_view.cfm?recnum=1811

88. Holy See (08/05) The Pope delegates the internal administration of the vatican city to the The vatican city maintains the Swiss Guards, a voluntary military force, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3819.htm

Bureau of Public Affairs Electronic Information and Publications Office Background Notes Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs August 2005 Background Note: The Holy See PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Holy See Geography and People Area: total of 0.44 sq. km. (109 acres). Population: 790. Ethnic groups: Italian, Swiss, other. Religion: Roman Catholic. Languages: Italian, Latin, French, various others. Literacy: 100%. Work force: 3,000 lay workers (reside outside the Vatican). Government Type: Papacy; ecclesiastical governmental and administrative capital of the Roman Catholic Church Independence: Lateran Pacts confirming independence and sovereignty of The Holy See signed with Italy on February 11, 1929. Suffrage: Limited to Cardinals less than 80 years old. Economy Budget: Revenues (2003) $252 million; expenditures (2003) $264 million. Industries: printing and production of few mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities. This unique, noncommercial economy is also supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world, the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, fees from admissions to museums and the sale of publications. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to, or somewhat better than, those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome. PEOPLE AND HISTORY Almost all of Vatican City's 790 citizens live inside the Vatican's walls. The Vatican includes high dignitaries, priests, nuns, and guards as well as about 3,000 lay workers who comprise the majority of the work force.

89. 1Up Travel > Holy See (Vatican City) > Travel & Tourism | Tourist Guide To Holy Holy See (vatican city) Seek all information related to general facts and acountry guide on Holy See (vatican city) . Click here right now to access all http://www.1uptravel.com/international/europe/vaticancity-or-holy-see/

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Airline Tickets Car Rentals Cruises Hotels ... Vacations Web 1UpTravel.com You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Europe Holy See (Vatican City) ADVERTISEMENT Country Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Vatican City Guide Vatican City Maps Vatican City Flag More Vatican City Flags ... Featured in Beachcomber Community Guides Vatican City Introduction Holy See (Vatican City) Introduction Top of Page Background: Popes in their secular role ruled much of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Vatican and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include the failing health of Pope John Paul II, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the adjustment of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith.

90. Rome Walking Tour, Italy, Travel Guide, Tour Roma Walking in Rome on architectural, archaeological and cultural itineraries will These private itineraries include guided walking tours of vatican city, http://www.eternaltourist.com/walktour.htm

"We did enjoy our time in Rome and appreciate so much your helpful discourse. Ken preferred Rome to all the places we visited. We feel we were able to cover so much more ground having had your help than we would have on our own, so we thank you." Quincy Butler, Falls Church, Virginia Mayta Munson Your Licensed Rome Tour Guide tel: (01139) 06-5817571 mobile phone: (01139) 348-3360850 Home Home Activities Activities Licensed Professional Licensed Professional Itineraries Itineraries Private Tours Private Tours Walks Drives Drives Shore Excursions Shore Excursions Roman Churches Roman Churches Villa D'Este Villa D'Este Hadrian's Villa Hadrian's Villa Castelli Romani Castelli Romani Testimonials Testimonials Contact Contact Walks Through Rome's Living History - Private Guided Walking Tours of Rome and Vatican City, Baroque Rome and Jewish Rome Here are suggested flexible itineraries for private guided walking tours of Rome and the Vatican with your American licensed private tour guide. Walking in Rome on architectural, archaeological and cultural itineraries will immerse you in the very fabric of the old city, the places where Rome's history happened, along narrow streets leading to tiny squares with charming fountains, artisan shops, cafes, and unexpected vistas, streets where Roman life is at its most vivacious. As your Rome private tour guide, I conduct these itineraries personally, illustrating Rome's history and art treasures, and answering your questions as we go along. These private itineraries include: guided walking tours of Vatican City, with highlights of the Vatican Museums, the Sistine Chapel, with Michelangelo's fresco paintings, and St Peter's Basilica, with Michelangelo's beautiful Pietà statue and Bernini's grandiose creations; guided walking tours of Rome's ancient ruins, including the Colosseum and Pantheon; guided walking tours of Baroque Rome: Trevi Fountain, Spanish Steps and Piazza Navona; guided walking tours of Jewish Rome, Campo de' Fiori and Trastevere - all neighborhoods of "Old Rome" (papal Rome). All guided walking tours of Rome and the Vatican are private tours, exclusively for your small group of family and friends, partners and business associates, and can be made to measure. Children are welcome on all tours.

91. Within The City Walls (from Vatican City) --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia vatican city contains some of the most famous buildings in the world. Foremost areSt. Peter s Basilica, to which pilgrims have journeyed for centuries, http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-209755?ct=

92. History (from Vatican City) Britannica Student Encyclopedia History (from vatican city) St. Peter, the first pope, is thought to have livedand died in Rome, and the city was an important center of the Roman Catholic http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-209763?ct=

93. Join Thiel On Tour Perhaps a trip to vatican city, with an optional tour to the vatican Museums, On your cultural tour of Florence, view the Cathedral of Santa Maria Del http://www.thiel.edu/alumni/on_tour.htm

REFLECTIONS OF ITALY NEW LOWER PRICE ~ SAVE $150 PER PERSON Double $2949 per person Single $3429 per person Triple! $2899 per person The departure date for the Reflections of Italy tour will be JULY 11, 2005. Our return home will be on JULY 20, 2005. 10 Days, 13 Meals (includes 8 buffet breakfasts and 5 dinners) Cost: $2,949 per person, double occupancy. Prices are also available for single and triple occupancy. Highlights Rome Classical Rome Tour Colosseum Assisi Perugia Siena San Gimignano Florence San Marino Venice Murano Island Como Day 1: Overnight Flight Welcome to Italy, a land rich in history, culture, art and romance. Your journey begins with an overnight flight to Rome, "The Eternal City." Day 2: Arrive Rome, Italy In Rome you have free time to relax or perhaps independently explore the city. This evening, join your fellow travelers for a special welcome dinner at a popular local restaurant featuring regional delicacies and fine Italian wines. (D) Day 3: Rome This morning it's your choice! Perhaps a trip to Vatican City, with an optional tour to the Vatican Museums, will be on your personal sightseeing list.

94. National Geographic Traveler Article: Vatican City vatican city By Gianluigi Colalucci Contemporary art, too, has an importantplace in the vatican, and includes spiritual works by Auguste Rodin, http://www.nationalgeographic.com/traveler/articles/1042vatican_city.html

A view of casina of Pius IV with statues. Vatican City By Gianluigi Colalucci vaticinium, the prophecy of future things. Over the past 20 centuries a succession of popes have made this center of faith into a center of culture and art as well. Architects, painters, and sculptors of the highest caliber, men of letters, theologians, and humanists have come here to contribute their works. stufetta (a sort of Turkish bath) painted in 1516 by Raphael for Cardinal Bibbiena. A 15th-century defense tower built by Pope Nicholas V houses a very 20th-century bank. Contemporary art, too, has an important place in the Vatican, and includes spiritual works by Auguste Rodin, Wassily Kandinsky, Salvador Dali, and Edvard Munch. One of the most striking pieces is the big bronze sphere by Italian sculptor Arnaldo Pomodoro, created specifically for one of the Vatican's courtyards. The information in this story was accurate at the time it was published, but we suggest you confirm all details before making travel plans. Traveler Magazine Articles Index Traveler Magazine Home Page NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC TRAVEL TOOLS National Geographic Travel Home Page Country and State Facts and Maps U.S. and Canada Destination Guides

95. Globe Of Blogs ::: Browse By Weblog Location ::: Europe ::: Holy See (Vatican Ci damagedcity is a site and blog of cultural therapy, the mourning work of the cityand its Author RIPope Location Damagedcity, Holy See (vatican city) http://www.globeofblogs.com/?x=location&country=168

96. GoDubai:Information On Dubai City,citylife,culture And Heritage Of Dubai,UAE. complete online solution for dubai city,familylife, dubai culture,dubai entertainmentand education,dubai society,recreation and healthcare in dubai,united http://www.godubai.com/citylife/govtserv.asp?user_id=&s_id=

97. World History Compass, European History A personal interpretation of Russia’s cultural history by one of America’s preeminent vatican city - Primary Documents vatican Exhibit Rome Reborn http://www.worldhistorycompass.com/europe.htm

World History Compass Home Page New Links About WHC Support WHC Main Index General and International History Ancient Egypt Ancient, General ... Museums Search WHC Europe Albania Albanian History From the Illyrians to the collapse of Communism. A Brief Constitutional History of Albania A Brief History of Albania From Illyria to Albania. Andorra Andorra - Primary Documents Belarus Belarus: History and Famous Personalities A categorised list of the fresh Belarus history related Internet resources. The History of Belarussian Jewry WWW-VL History: Belarus Belarusian History Index Belgium Antwerpen (Antwerp) The history of the town Belgium Travel Network. Belgium - Primary Documents Brussels - The history of the town Belgium Travel Network. Medieval Reenactors. The Federal Parliament of Belgium Gent, (Ghent)The history of the town Belgium Travel Network. History of East Belgium History of Lacemaking The Institute of Historical Dance The Institute of Historical Dance (IHDP, Ghent, Belgium) was founded by Lieven Baert in 1992. Its aims are the research of historical dances (from 15th to 19th century) on a scientific basis, as well as the practising and performing the dances themselves. Les musées en Wallonie The Mechelen Museum of Deportation and the Resistance Not only a museum about the deportation of Belgian Jews, but also about their resistance. Thanks to the support they received from the Belgian people, many managed to escape from their Nazi pursuers and their collaborators.

98. BikeAbout Trip Log: May 20, 1998 Having filled the cultural, economic and political void that followed the The State of vatican city, also known as the Holy See, is an independent state http://www.bikeabout.org/journal/notes_138.htm

topics: capelletti (food), bicycle advocacy, Vatican Museum, history, art, Emperor Constantine, Roman Empire, Christianity, Etruscans, Middle Ages, Renaissance, Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel, Lateran Treaty, Vatican City (Holy See); jump to dispatch BikeAbout Log Rider Notes: May 20, 1998 Food of the Day: capelletti As everyone knows, pasta comes in many shapes and sizes . Today's food of the day, capelletti, is a cone-shaped pasta, often stuffed with cheese or meat. By the time we leave Italy we hope to have tried every possible variation of pasta... or maybe not. Person of the Day: staff at IT.net, Roma For all their help in getting us Internet access while in Roma, for allowing us to use their offices to conduct our regular, Wednesday, live chat 'n' debate , and for their efforts to alert the media of our arrival, we make the IT.net staff, in particular, Ernesto Spinelli , Lesley Pritkin, and Laura, our people of the day. Also present and helpful on more than one occasion was Mr. Alfonso Gemelli, of the Gruppo Publiaci (with which IT.net shares offices and often collaborates). He seemed very interested in the BikeAbout site and mission and showed us information about something called BIKE live EXPO in which IT.net participated. Having already occurred from April 2-6, 1998, BIKE live EXPO is a huge annual event celebrating two-wheeled traffic. We discussed possibilities for a BikeAbout presence next year and agreed to keep in touch. For more information about this, please visit the BIKE live EXPO at

99. VirtualTourist.com - Vatican City Tips - Pictures, Tips And Reviews vatican city Tips Travel Guide Find the best insider tips, reviews, Check hotel prices and availabilty and compare flights to vatican city Tips. http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Vatican_City/General_Tips-Vatican_Ci

CM8ShowAd("Superbanner"); member log in join for free! help Home ... Forums VATICAN CITY : General Tips Reviews Overview Hotels Forum Things To Do ... Vatican City Destinations Members Keywords Sponsored Links for Vatican City Hotels Travelocity Vacations Great Travel Deals! Get Ready to Relax - Book Your Trip Now Find a Hotel Priceline: Hotel Travel Great Low Prices, Pictures, and Guest Reviews. Shop. Compare. Save. Vatican City Hotel CM8ShowAd("MediumRectangle"); by Christianne Vatican City: General Tips Local time: 3:36 am Tuesday, September 27, 2005. TravelPro Sale - LuggageGuru.com Great hotels from $53/pp. Hotels in Vatican City Flights to Vatican City ... Member pictures: 2,073 Vatican City Hotel Rates City: Check-In Date: Check-Out Date: Guests: Hotels by OneTime.com Popular General Tips Miscellaneous General Tips Tips All Tips Sort by: Most Recent page 1 of 25 Tip Rating: The Second Largest Church In The World Written by Ciambella on February 23, 2005. Michelangelo's Dome by Ciambella Basilica di San Pietro is no longer the largest church in the world. In 1989, the Guinness Book of Records gave the title to the Basilique de Notre Dame de la Paix de Yamoussoukro (Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro Basilica) in Côte d’Ivoire. Notre Dame de la Paix has a total surface of 30,000m² (15,160m² for St Peter’s) and the finished height is 158m (St Peter’s is at 138m height). Under the order of President Felix Houphouet-Boigny, architect Pierre Fakhoury modelled the new basilica after the principal church of Catholicism. However, Notre Dame de la Paix was built in just three years, while St Peter's took over a century to complete. Fakhoury constructed the dome a hair lower than St Peter’s Dome and then ornamented it with a larger and taller cross on top. Notre Dame de la Paix was used only twice in a country where only 20% of the population are Christian and less than 10% are Catholic.

100. On TV : Smart Travels With Rudy Maxa : Rome (111) : Fine Living From world famous sites such as the Colosseum, to the splendor and pageantry ofVatican city, Rome is more than just a city, it s a culture all its own, http://www.fineliving.com/fine/smart_travels/episode/0,1663,FINE_9156_21521,00.h

Adventure Every Day Personal Space Transport ... Smart Travels With Rudy Maxa Episode FLSMT-111 AIR TIMES: September 20, 2005 3:00 PM EST Rome (111) Rudy Maxa unearths the marvels of Rome, a city where the ancient and the modern live side by side. With world-famous sites such as the Colosseum and the splendor and pageantry of Vatican City, Rome has a culture all its own, immortalized in architecture and art. Rome Transportation, Cell Phones Buses, Trains, Subways www.venere.it Buses, trains and even a subway are at your disposal in Rome when you purchase an all-inclusive travel ticket. District Maps www.roma2000.it Rome is separated into rioni (districts), and plotting out how you'll get from one to another ahead of time is highly recommended. Cell Phone Rental www.initaly.com Renting a cell phone is an easy and less expensive way to keep in touch while visiting the city. Rome Attractions Museum Discount Card www.romeguide.com The Roman Archaeologia card provides discounts of up to 50 percent on most of Rome's major attractions. The Roman Forum www.letsgo.com

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