81. Nigeria: Delta Update That the quality of life of Ijaw people is deteriorating as a result of utter The africa Policy EJournal is a free information service provided by http://www.africaaction.org/docs98/delt9812.htm

Home About Us Archives Africa Policy E-Journal Nigeria: Delta Update Programs Baraza Annual Reports Contact Us ... Archives Africa Policy E-Journal by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic Africa Policy E-Journal Nigeria: Delta Update Date distributed (ymd): 981230 Document reposted by APIC +++++++++++++++++++++Document Profile+++++++++++++++++++++ Region: West Africa Issue Areas: +political/rights+ +economy/development+ +security/peace+ Summary Contents: This posting contains several documents updating the situation in the oil-rich Delta region in Nigeria, including (1) the Kaiama Declaration from a conference of Ijaw youth, distributed by Project Underground, (2) excerpts from an update by the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), and (3) a press release from MOSOP on formation of a new security task force for the Delta. Additional relevant background documents can be found in the postings on the shell-nigeria-action listserv, archived at: http://www.essential.org/listproc/shell-nigeria-action/

82. Nigeria: Delta Crisis Reports Sani Abacha inflicted on the Nigerian people, human rights abuses in the oil The africa Policy EJournal is a free information service provided by http://www.africaaction.org/docs99/nig9906b.htm

Home About Us Archives Africa Policy E-Journal Nigeria: Delta Crisis Reports Programs Baraza Annual Reports Contact Us ... Archives Africa Policy E-Journal by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic by Date and by Topic Africa Policy E-Journal Nigeria: Delta Crisis Reports Date distributed (ymd): 990613 Document reposted by APIC +++++++++++++++++++++Document Profile+++++++++++++++++++++ Region: West Africa Issue Areas: +political/rights+ +economy/development+ +security/peace+ Summary Contents: This report contains two documents on the crisis in the Niger Delta Region: (a) a summary of the latest report (May 1999) from Human Rights Watch / Africa, and (b) a June 10 report from Nigeria by Africa Fund Human Rights Coordinator Michael Fleshman. For additional news and background sources see: http://www.africapolicy.org/action/nigeria.htm

83. African Arts: Ways Of The Rivers: Arts And Environment Of The Niger Delta Contemporary exhibitions of African art need to specify the historical nature oftheir indigenous societies and with Europe since the fifteenth century. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0438/is_3_36/ai_113455200

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles African Arts Autumn 2003 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Featured Titles for ASA News ASEE Prism Academe African American Review ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Ways of the Rivers: Arts and Environment of the Niger Delta African Arts Autumn, 2003 by Sylvester Okwunodu Ogbechie Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History Los Angeles, California May 19-November 17, 2002 These exhibitions also need to deconstruct the re emergence of "tribal" identification in African art history. We can agree, without being facetious, that we have found all the "tribes." The important question today is how to transcend theoretical paradigms that conceptualize African cultures mainly in terms of tribal (ethnic, societal, ancestral, etc.; insert your word of choice here) identification. Given the increasing awareness that ethnic identities are relatively recent formations indebted to Africa's colonial history in the past century and a half, new paradigms that provide a better assessment of African cultural practice are needed. (1) Continue article Advertisement

84. The Blacksmith's Art From Africa Many traditional people living in africa consider red iron oxide, Indigenousterminology used during the event related the process to bodily functions http://www.africans-art.com/index.php3?action=page&id_art=363

85. Research In African Literatures Vol. 32 No.2 Introduction enables people in many African communities to sing what cannot be spoken. Because societal living among the urhobo is regulated by a communal ethos, http://iupjournals.org/ral/ral32-2.html

from Research in African Literatures Volume 32, Number 2 Introduction Kofi Agawu Permission to Copy You may download, save, or print for your personal use without permission. If you wish to disseminate the electronic article, or to produce multiple copies for classroom or educational use, please request permission from: Professional Relations Department 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers MA 01923 FAX: 978-750-4470/4744 Web address: For other permissions, use our online reprint request form It will require not one but several issues of Research in African Literatures to air comprehensively the issues involved in a study of music and language. Such a project will be interdisciplinary, drawing on specialized research in folklore, linguistics, anthropology, literary theory, and musicology. Definitions will need to be entered from the start, definitions of the foundational terms music and language , among many others. Questions as to whether music is a language, whether it signifies, and if so how will have to be raised. The problematics of communication will not be left out. The effects of in-time performance will not be ignored; nor will repertorial and generic distinctions be subsumed under an all-purpose “music.” The discussion will be grounded in the specifics of African nomenclature and experience, with each researcher entering deeply into the overlapping conceptual worlds of indigenous performer-critics. The interconnectedness between music and dance will form a part of the study, drawing analytical lessons from indigenous conceptions of play. Finally, the discussion will probe the poetic content of song texts, seeking an understanding of them as expressions of particular individuals or groups, and also as generalized responses to desire, need, loss, or misery, as expressions of joy and elation, or in response to an incitement to warfare.

86. Untitled Document IPA does not play a game of words when it talks of people living in abject The reality is that the Ijaw, urhobo and Itsekiri are coowners of the Warri http://www.ijawcenter.com/ipaletter.htm

OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND 18 Strahan Road, Bow, London E3 5DB. Tel /Fax: 020 8983 4783 18 September 2003 His Excellency Chief Olusegun Obasanjo President Federal Republic of Nigeria Aso Villa Abuja Your Excellency We would like to use this opportunity to bring to your notice important issues that are of deep concern to us. We hope that you will take note of them and make effort to address them in the immediate future. UNITY OF THE FEDERATION NIGER DELTA DEVELOPMENT It is a regrettable matter of fact that the conspicuous lack of economic democracy in the country has impacted negatively more disproportionately on the Niger Delta region than other parts of the country. This phenomenon has created levels of poverty and deprivation in the region to such extent that many individuals and organisations feel disfranchised from the political system. The IPA considers it as an act of great betrayal for Mr President to introduce amendments to the NDDC Act that seeks to roll back the Federal Government and Oil Corporations developmental obligations to the Niger Delta by reducing the funding from 15% to 10%, and 3% to 2% respectively. Massive resource injection into the NDDC, commensurate with the development needs and requirements of the region with a view to redressing the wrongs of the past is the only viable option left for obliterating the senseless mayhem that has deprived the region of a large number of our young heroes and heroines. The Multinational Oil Companies exert an undue influence in the political affairs of Nigeria to the detriment of the Niger Delta people in general and Ijaws in particular. Several examples of this can be cited. The promulgation of the Land Use Decree, which disfranchised the Ijaws and other ethnic nationalities of the Niger Delta, favours the Oil Corporations. The deadline for an end to their policy of gas flaring was extended to favour them at the expense of the Niger Delta environment. The funding of the Niger Delta Development Commission, with the oil Companies lobbying hard to effect the reduction of their statutory contributions to the Commission, and lastly their manipulative influence on traditional rulers in settling problems arising from oil spills and compensation payments.

87. Nigeria Delta Update, Wed, 30 Dec 1998 Region West africa Issue Areas +political/rights+ +economy/development+ That the quality of life of Ijaw people is deteriorating as a result of utter http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/apic_123098.html

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER Nigeria: Delta Update, Wed, 30 Dec 1998 Nigeria: Delta Update Date distributed (ymd): 981230 Document reposted by APIC +++++++++++++++++++++Document Profile+++++++++++++++++++++ Region: West Africa Issue Areas: +political/rights+ +economy/development+ +security/peace+ Summary Contents: This posting contains several documents updating the situation in the oil-rich Delta region in Nigeria, including (1) the Kaiama Declaration from a conference of Ijaw youth, distributed by Project Underground, (2) excerpts from an update by the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), and (3) a press release from MOSOP on formation of a new security task force for the Delta. Additional relevant background documents can be found in the postings on the shell-nigeria-action listserv, archived at: http://www.essential.org/listproc/shell-nigeria-action/ +++++++++++++++++end profile++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ THE KAIAMA DECLARATION BEING COMMUNIQUE ISSUED AT THE END OF THE ALL IJAW YOUTHS CONFERENCE WHICH HELD IN THE TOWN OF KAIAMA THIS 11TH DAY OF DECEMBER 1998.

88. Walker, Alice (1944-) When people are ill, they revert back to indigenous beliefs and folklore (Personal Ancient and enormous African oak, Iroko and cotton trees, http://www.allthingspass.com/uploads/html-57ERN_Saro-Wiwa(17aug03_F).htm

AuthorÕs note: This writing was one of two submissions in August 2003 by keith harmon snow that were both published in the Spring of 2005 in the huge Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature: http://www.religionandnature.com/encyclopedia/index.htm . See also the entry on Bruno Manser and the indigenous Penan of Sarawak, Malaysia. keith harmon snow, May 23, 2005. Saro-Wiwa, Kenule Beeson (1941-1995) and the Ogoni of Ogoni Born in the southern village of Bori, Ken Saro-Wiwa was one of NigeriaÕs most recognized and accomplished citizens. An Ogoni leader from Ogoni, Ken Saro-Wiwa was tried and hanged for challenging what he considered to be genocide perpetrated against the indigenous minorities of the Niger River Delta by the petroleum industry and their political allies. Saro-WiwaÕs life was punctuated by careers as teacher, civil servant, publisher, television producer and dramatist. He is the author of over forty major works, including novels, volumes of poetry, essays, plays, journalism, short stories and childrenÕs books. From 1985 to 1990, Saro-Wiwa created, wrote, produced, financed and marketed NigeriaÕs most popular situation comedy, , watched weekly by 30 million Nigerians. Winner of the Goldman Environmental Prize and the Right Livelihood Award in 1995, he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize prior to his execution.

89. MOST Ethno-Net Publication: Anthropology Of Africa Ethnic Conflicts and the Problem of Resolution in Contemporary africa A Case for Ethnic consciousness amongst people can be found in many multicultural http://www.ethnonet-africa.org/pubs/p95emeka.htm

MOST ETHNO-NET AFRICA PUBLICATIONS Anthropology of Africa and the Challenges of the Third Millennium - Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts, PAAA / APA, 1999 Ethnic Conflicts and the Problem of Resolution in Contemporary Africa: A Case for African Options and Alternatives Emeka E. A. Obioha Dept. of Sociology, Faculty of the Social Sciences University of Ibadan, Nigeria ABSTRACT In the last few decades most African nation-states have been going through difficult times of ethnic conflicts, violence and antagonism. These conflicts have been unable to be resolved through the long adopted western models and paradigms of conflict management. This paper is therefore designed as a response and contribution towards the on going debates and search for new ways to conflict management in Africa. The discussion focused on the examination of the contexts and dynamics of ethnic conflicts in Africa. Precisely, some of the forms, causes, and the underlying consequences of such with reference to some recent scenario in the continent was discussed. One of the major issues pointed out is how imperialism and colonialism impacted on ethnicity and ethnic conflicts which are traceable to the colonial masters systems of administration, arbitrary delimitation and partitioning the continent. This paper also borders on how persistent these conflicts have been and how the various western models and paradigms of conflict management have failed on the altar of peace deliberations due to their inadequacy to fit in properly into the Africa context. In conclusion, African traditional alternatives to conflict resolution were suggested for adoption in the next millennium.

90. Cultures It covers the role of African American choreographers and dancers in the role ofmodern Multicultural American West explores the role of native peoples, http://www.jervislibrary.org/YAWeb/cultures.html

Cultural Resources General An Aging World (2001) is a report by the Census filled with comparative statistics and tables. This link downloads a 3.5 MB Adobe PDF file. Electronic Resources on Diversity from Santa Clara University Deaf Culture History Through Deaf Eyes explores the development of American Sign Language and the deaf community. It also explores the oral nature of education and society in general. Silent News is a newspaper carrying a depth of articles of interest to deaf and hard of hearing persons. Ethnic/National US Minority Groups African and African-American Interest collected by Jervis Public Library Flags of the Native Peoples of the US Free to Dance is the online companion to the PBS series. It covers the role of African American choreographers and dancers in the role of modern art. Multicultural American West explores the role of native peoples, Latinos, and Asians and the role of men and women in the American West. Slavery is a book list created by Jervis Public Library.

91. Login To BioOne the minor groups—Ijaw, Efik/Ibibio, Idoma, Tivi; Edo, urhobo/Itsekiri.Information on uses of plant specimens by local people in the villages and by the http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-document&issn=0013-0001&volume=056&iss

92. Remnants Of Ritual - The David Gelbard Collection Of African Art And Culture From African masks to African figures, Remnants of Ritual features the DavidGelbard Collection I wonder if an indigenous member of a group could do it. http://www.remnantsofritual.com/dialog.html

Understanding Narrative The Praise Song Cultural Borrowing Objects of Power ... In and Out of Context The second part of this introductory essay consists of conversations between the authors. Bourgeois and Rodolitz have team-taught a web-based course on this subject for more than five years utilizing a dialogue medium that lends itself to immediacy and informality. Essays in the usual sense speak TO the reader; dialogue, however, allows the reader to participate, if only in an imaginary sense. Additionally, in the medium of dialogue, the evolution of thought is more apparent than in an edited essay. Often, the journey to a conclusion is as important as the conclusion itself. The reader is encouraged to join in this ongoing exploration. AB: Why don't we begin by considering a group of related objects, not necessarily related by culture but by function?

93. Nigeria - Customs And Traditions Of Nigeria It is arguably the largest university in africa. There is not much of rurallife as in parts of the North but the people still sustain and guard their http://www.onlinenigeria.com/traditions_Customs.asp

Home News Forums Directory ... Settings Top Searches: Oluchi Onweagba NYSC Government Population of Nigeria ... Settings Worldwide USA Nigeria UK Germany Advanced Search Settings Alumni Search: LASU UNILAG ABU UNIPORT ... Settings White Pages: Okafor Aluko Ibrahim Tonye ... Settings Directory: States Of Nigeria Business Shopping Advanced Search ... Settings News: National Sports Business Delta Region ... Political History Nigeria is often described as a country of unity in diversity. This description probably stems from ttie fact that the country is made up of over 400 linguistic groups, three principal religions, a multiple of socio-political opinions and organisations and varying weaiher and climatic condi- tions between ihe North and the South. Nigeria boasts of a plethora of customs and traditions, cultures and festivals, that would appeal to the tastes of the average tourist. (In the Northern States of the country, the customs, cultures and traditions of the people who are mainly Hausa/Fulani, Nupe, Kanuri, Igalaand Tiv are governed by the Musfim religious traditions). Most of the festivals held in these areas, such as the Durbar in Katsina and Kaduna States, are associated with religious celebra- tions. The Argungu Fishing Festival in Kebbi State which has over the years acquired international recognition, is however removed from traditional religious celebrations.

94. I K Dairo, MBE IK Dairo was the first African Musician to be honoured with the title of Member of The nine people with whom IK Dairo started in 1957 left on this date. http://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/ikdairo.htm

Article MT111 - from Musical Traditions No 1, Mid 1983 I K Dairo, MBE a major African recording star Introduction: Whereas the last twenty years have seen a colossal amount of research carried out into all forms of black American traditional and popular music, the equivalent developments in Africa, often reflecting and drawing from these cultures, has largely been overlooked. The music of Africa is as diverse and as complex as the continent itself. In addition to the countless forms of native tribal music, many fascinating musicals hybrids have developed as a result of foreign influence - American, British, Latin, Arabic and Cuban amongst these. The development of Juju as a recognisable form also closely resembles that of the Blues from a rural background (the field holler and country dance tune) to a modern brash popular form (the music to be heard in a South Chicago bar). Juju is based on the centuries old traditional music of the Yoruba - choral singing and complex percussion - and was brought from the Nigerian countryside to the towns of Lagos and Ibadan by migrant workers in the Twenties and Thirties. Here the guitar lead was assimilated, often Western influenced, and, as cheap imports became available, progressively amplified. As with the Blues, Juju is essentially dance music however the vocals are far less radical or rebellious, normally extolling the virtues of traditional Yoruba values and achievements. Although not the founder of Juju, I K Dairo MBE was an important and influential exponent of the music and a top selling African recording artist of the sixties. This article is a portion of a slim volume 'Songs of I K Dairo MBE' delightfully written by Benson Corporo Okagbare, printed by the Nigerian National Press and published in 1969.

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