41. Unitarianism Books were smuggled to England, and unitarianism took root there. unitarianism came to Canada from Iceland, and in some churches, there were Icelandic http://www.sullivan-county.com/nf0/nov_2000/unitarian2.htm

Unitarianism The word "Unitarian" historically refers to the oneness of God as opposed to the Trinity of God, referred to as "Trinitarianism". The word "Trinity" is not in the Bible, nor is the concept. The naming of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit hardly occurs; except as a echo of a baptismal formula. The doctrine dates from the early Middle Ages, as an effort to reconcile Jewish theology with Greek philosophy, and was adopted as doctrine at the Council of Nicea in 325 AD at the behest of Constantine. At that time the unitarian position was called "Arianism" for its leader Arius of Alexandria. He and the idea were declared heretic, and was killed out except for a few remote Germanic tribes. With the invention of the printing press, and the wide reading of the Bible, people discovered that the Trinity was not there, and Unitarians sprang up all over Europe like crocus. In most places they were killed. Calvin burned the best know Renaissance Unitarian theologian, Servetus, in Geneva. He was burned with a slow fire, taking half an hour to kill him, with his book strapped to his leg. Earlier he had been burned in effigy by Catholics. (Servetus was also doctor, and had discovered the pulmonary circulation of the blood.) Many early Unitarians tended to be scientists or doctors. The Polish king's doctor was Unitarian, and Krakow, Poland, was one of the few place Unitarians were allowed to live without being killed. They gathered there from all over Europe, establishing a university and printing press. Books were smuggled to England, and Unitarianism took root there.

42. Unitarians And Deistic Christians It s a backlash against both unitarianism and Deism and has nothing to do Modern unitarianism (I should say the UnitarianUniversalist Association or http://www.sullivan-county.com/id2/unitarians.htm

Unitarians and Deistic Christians by Lewis Loflin "We cannot learn anywhere from the Scripture of God, that his words and the religion are meant to be spread by fire and sword." "God always took care of his truth Himself and He will always do that in the future as well." Francis David Opening extracts from: First Unitarian Congregation in Budapest "No one is allowed to threaten anyone with imprisonment or deprivation of his office; for faith is the gift of God, this comes from listening, listening to the words of God." Principles of Faith God is one, spirit, creator and preserver of the world. The Unitarians adopted the scientific world-view in all times believing in addition that a conscious spirit is working behind the evolutionary events. They believe in God as a personal and spiritual power who takes care of his creatures by his providential act manifested in nature and history, on the universal and personal level alike. The human kind is God's most noble creature, with the faculties of reason, awareness and conscience. God gave man the ability to do good and free will. Due to reason, man is able to distinguish between moral good and evil. Further he is able and free to chose...Free will means moral independence...The purpose of human kind is accomplishing the kingdom of God on Earth, which means fulfillment of the good natural endowments of men, on personal and social level. Most valuable virtues are: faith, free will, conscience and love.

43. Edmund Kell Unitarian Church, Southampton, England Information about the Church and unitarianism in general. Southampton, Hampshire. http://www.swanmore.freeola.com/

44. First Parish Unitarian Universalist Church, Scituate Mass One of the first churches in North America evolved from its 17thcentury beginnings, through its 19th-century conversion to unitarianism, to its UU character today. Worship services are held every Sunday and childcare is provided during service. http://www.firstparishscituate.org

elcome to the First Parish Unitarian Universalist Church of Scituate, Massachusetts. Our Church is located at 330 First Parish Road in Scituate, Massachusetts. We may be reached by telephone at 781.545.3324 or email us . Worship services are held every Sunday from September through June at 10:30 am, and childcare is lovingly provided during the service. First Parish is wheelchair accessible Please click on any one of the topics on the navigation bar at the top of this page to learn more about our worship services religious education program, or any one of our activities music program , or news about our upcoming events. If you are interested in having your wedding at First Parish, please call 781.545.3324, or email us

45. "The Cradle Of Unitarianism" For most Unitarians in the twentyfirst century, unitarianism is a very modern In that choosing, we often seem to encounter unitarianism as a fresh, http://www.qserve.net/~allsouls/ser011007.htm

"THE CRADLE OF UNITARIANISM" A Sermon by the Rev. Bruce Clear Sunday, October 7, 2001 All Souls Unitarian Church Indianapolis, Indiana For most Unitarians in the twenty-first century, Unitarianism is a very modern religion. And of course, it is. We do not talk about ancient creeds and traditions that survive through the centuries. Most of us the vast majority of us were born in some other religious tradition and chose to be Unitarian. In that choosing, we often seem to encounter Unitarianism as a fresh, new religious approach, and seem to give little thought to its tradition and roots. Peter Raible, a retired Unitarian minister from Seattle, addressed a gathering of Unitarians in a 400 year old Unitarian congregation in Transylvania, and put it this way: “It is a deep privilege to be here. I live in a land where 9/10 of Unitarians did not grow up Unitarian. Some tend to think that Unitarianism began last Tuesday when they walked in the door. Knowing about Transylvania gives them a heritage. I say to them: Transylvania is our holy land.”

46. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Unitarians In short, presentday unitarianism is hardly more than natural religion, While in the former country unitarianism was completely supressed in 1660, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15154b.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... U > Unitarians A B C D ... CICDC - Home of the Catholic Lifetime Reading Plan Unitarians A Liberal Protestant sect which holds as it distinctive tenet the belief in a uni-personal instead of a tri-personal God I. NAME AND DOCTRINE In its general sense the name designates all disbelievers in the Trinity , whether Christian or non-Christian; in its present specific use it is applied to that organized form of Christianity which lays emphasis on the unity of the personality of God . The term seems to have originated about 1570, was used in a decree of the Diet held in 1600 at Lecsfalva in Transylvania, and received official ecclesiastic sanction in 1638. It supplanted the various designations of anti-Trinitarians, Arians , Racovians, and Socinians . In England the name first appears in 1682. It became frequent in the United States from 1815, although it was received unfavourably by some anti-Trinitarians, and omitted in their official titles by some congregations whose religious position it defined. The explanation of this opposition is to be found in the reluctance of the parties concerned to lay stress on any doctrinal affirmation. Historical associations account for the name Presbyerians, frequently applied to Unitarians in the British Isles, and Unitarian Congregationalists, used in the United States. No definite standard of belief is recognized in the denomination and no doctrinal tests are laid down as a condition of fellowship. The co-operation of all persons desirous of advancing the interests of "pure" (i.e. undogmatic, practical)

47. UUA Programs & Services: Unitarian Universalist Origins: Our Historic Faith During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, unitarianism appeared briefly in scattered Universalism was a more evangelical faith than unitarianism. http://www.uua.org/info/origins.html

Home About Us Publications Press Room ... Office for Bisexual, Gay, Lesbian and Transgender Concerns Unitarian Universalist Origins: Our Historic Faith Mark W. Harris Unitarians and Universalists have always been heretics. We are heretics because we want to choose our faith, not because we desire to be rebellious. “Heresy” in Greek means “choice.” During the first three centuries of the Christian church, believers could choose from a variety of tenets about Jesus. Among these was a belief that Jesus was an entity sent by God on a divine mission. Thus the word “Unitarian” developed, meaning the oneness of God. Another religious choice in the first three centuries of the Common Era (CE) was universal salvation. This was the belief that no person would be condemned by God to eternal damnation in a fiery pit. Thus a Universalist believed that all people will be saved. Christianity lost its element of choice in 325 CE when the Nicene Creed established the Trinity as dogma. For centuries thereafter, people who professed Unitarian or Universalist beliefs were persecuted. This was true until the sixteenth century when the Protestant Reformation took hold in the remote mountains of Transylvania in eastern Europe. Here the first edict of religious toleration in history was declared in 1568 during the reign of the first and only Unitarian king, John Sigismund. Sigismund’ s court preacher, Frances David, had successively converted from Catholicism to Lutheranism to Calvinism and finally to Unitarianism because he could find no biblical basis for the doctrine of the Trinity. Arguing that people should be allowed to choose among these faiths, he said, “We need not think alike to love alike.”

48. UUA Bookstore The Epic of unitarianism Original Writings from the History of Liberal Religion The Epic of unitarianism. This collection of writings spanning the 16th http://www.uua.org/bookstore/product_info.php?products_id=460

49. UNITARIANISM--WHAT IS IT? Davies Memorial UU Church In Prince George's Co., MD Sermon from Rev. A. Powell Davies. Please support the church that keeps his memory and message alive. http://www.dmuuc.org/Davies/460224.html

Text-only index - site map Home About Us Calendar of Events ... Location UNITARIANISMWHAT IS IT? UNITARIANISMWHAT IS IT? A sermon by Rev. A. Powell Davies, D.D. Minister, All Souls' Church (Unitarian) Washington, DC February 24, 1946 In Time news magazine a week ago there appeared a letter criticizing an article on Unitarianism which had recently been printed in that journal. The article had implied that Unitarians hold certain beliefs in common; the letter denied that this was possible. "Unitarians," it said, "are so divergent in their beliefs that it is almost impossible to set down any one thing upon which the group does agree." Which is, of course, as any thoughtful person might expect, a gross exaggeration. No movement holds together for as long a time as has Unitarianism without substantial areas of agreement. Yet, the mistake which the writer of the letter makes is a very common one. Because traditional churches are based upon a system of required beliefs, i.e., upon a creed, he assumes that a church without a creed can have no basis of agreement. Whereas, for Unitarians, the deliberate intention not to have a creed is itself a most emphatic basis of agreement. Let us look at that for a moment or two. For understanding Unitarianism, it makes a good beginning.

50. Unitarianism And Unitarian Congregations In South Africa Welcome to Unitarian South Africa - we will not bang on your door - only offer information about unitarianism and different religions and faiths. http://www.unitarian.co.za/

Click to subscribe to the South African Unitarian Discussion Group Unitarianism and Unitarian congregations in South Africa. Welcome to Unitarian South Africa - we will not 'bang on your door' - only offer information about Unitarianism and different religions and faiths. Our web site is designed for Unitarians and those who are dissatisfied with their existing religion or religious faith and are seeking information about other religious beliefs. Support the growth of Unitarianism in South Africa - buy our quality GREETINGS CARDS Buy / for info click here Unitarian Christmas Cards For this reason we offer many links to other web sites dealing with beliefs as diverse as Humanism, Wicca and Pantheism as well as Islam, Buddism, Judaism, Greek Gods and Goddesses and Christianity. Thought Food We believe there are many Africans of all colours who think and act as Unitarians yet have not had contact with, or even heard about Unitarianism. We would like you to contact us - but if your visit here simply helps you on your spiritual journey to another place, our web site will have served its purpose well. We invite you to take the 20 questions test . Your answers may well help you discover which faith or religion you are closest to. Do you share the things Unitarians have in common An interesting fact is that only a small percentage of Unitarians were 'brought up' as such by their parents. We come from a very wide variety of religious and non-religious backgrounds.

51. Unitarianism Unitarian History Unitarian Movement Questia Research unitarianism at the Questia.com online library. http://www.questia.com/library/religion/christianity/protestantism/denominations

52. F. D. Maurice And Unitarianism - Questia Online Library FD Maurice and unitarianism, page iii. FD Maurice and unitarianism. DAVID YOUNG. CLARENDON PRESS · OXFORD 1992. iii- http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=12349104

53. Boing Boing: Unitarianism: Good Enough For Two Presidents, Not Good Enough For T unitarianism good enough for two presidents, not good enough for Texas The state of Texas has denied Unitarians taxexempt religious status because the http://www.boingboing.net/2004/05/18/unitarianism_good_en.html

@import url(http://www.boingboing.net/table.css); suggest a site rss archives store ... john Sponsored by: HOWTO: Get a link posted to Boing Boing Boing Boing Mobile powered by Winksite Fark rules! Our Linking Policy This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License Stats (About our stats) Our first five years' worth of posts in one file Tuesday, May 18, 2004 Unitarianism: good enough for two presidents, not good enough for Texas The state of Texas has denied Unitarians tax-exempt religious status because the church "does not have one system of belief." As Julia notes , Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams were sufficiently convinced of the Unitarians' religiosity that they actually were Unitarians. Never before not in this state or any other has a government agency denied Unitarians tax-exempt status because of the group's religious philosophy, church officials say. Strayhorn's ruling clearly infringes upon religious liberties, said Dan Althoff, board president for the Denison congregation that was rejected for tax exemption by the comptroller's office. Link via Electrolite posted by Cory Doctorow at 11:50:00 PM permalink Other blogs commenting on this post Sponsored by: //1) Call function randomorder(arrayname, space_between_content) randomorder(content, '')

54. Unitarianism: Information From Answers.com unitarianism, in general, the form of Christianity that denies the doctrine of the Trinity , believing that God exists only in one person. http://www.answers.com/topic/unitarianism

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Arts Business Entertainment Games ... More... On this page: Encyclopedia Literature WordNet Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Unitarianism Encyclopedia Unitarianism, in general, the form of Christianity that denies the doctrine of the Trinity , believing that God exists only in one person. While there were previous antitrinitarian movements in the early Christian Church, like Arianism and Monarchianism, modern Unitarianism originated in the period of the Protestant Reformation. In Geneva, Michael Servetus was burned at the stake (1553) for his antitrinitarian views. Under Faustus Socinus a strong center of Unitarian belief developed in Poland. In Transylvania, Francis D¡vid laid the foundation (c.1560) for the Unitarian Church there. In the 17th and 18th cent. Socinian ideas took root in England, especially under the influence of John Biddle Ware (1764–1845), a liberal, as Hollis Professor of Divinity at Harvard in 1805 and by the ordination sermon defending the liberals preached (1819) by William Ellery Channing in Baltimore. Channing's statement of Unitarian beliefs became the platform of the denomination. The American Unitarian Association was formed in 1825, and in 1865 a national conference was organized. A congregational form of government prevails in the Unitarian churches, each congregation having control of its own affairs. Neither ministers nor members are required to make profession of any particular doctrine, and no creed has been adopted by the church. The covenant in general use is simply, “In the love of truth, and in the spirit of Jesus, we unite for worship of God and the service of man.” In 1961 the Universalist Church of America merged with the American Unitarian Association to form the

55. Unitarianism Before 1825 In North America From The Epic of unitarianism Original Writings from the History of Liberal The great prophet and spokesman of Transylvanian unitarianism was Francis http://www.uuottawa.com/before-1600s.html

The Sixteenth Century: Antitrinitarians and Toleration From "The Epic of Unitarianism: Original Writings from the History of Liberal Religion" by David B. Parke Until the sixteenth century western Europe was Roman Catholic. A few scattered groups - the Waldenses, Hussites, and Bogomils, to name three - had rebelled against the Church, but without widespread effect. The first cataclysmic protest against Catholicism was initiated in 1517 by a German monk, Martin Luther, who held that men were justified not by submission to the Church, but by faith in God. When his protests resulted in excommunication, Luther assumed the leadership of a new religious movement, Protestantism. The Protestant Reformation spread quickly to Switzerland, Italy, France, the Low Countries and Scandinavia. Seeing in it an ally against oppression of every kind, princes, peasants, merchants, and scholars flocked to the new movement which, however, grew so rapidly that it was impossible for one man to control it. The Lutheran Reformation was more than an ecclesiastical revolution. By sundering Catholicism's structure of authority it precipitated a social upheaval out of which, in the succeeding centuries, European Nationalism, modern democracy, and capitalistic civilization have emerged. Every revolution that seeks to effect permanent changes in the social structure must retain elements of continuity from the old social structure. For the early reformers, especially Luther and John Calvin, uniformity of Christian doctrine was such an element. After wavering, they chose to retain the Catholic doctrines virtually intact - excluding those ascribing supreme authority to the Roman pope. One of the items retained was the Athanasian creed. But many Protestants, especially Anabaptists in Germany, Switzerland and Holland, were dissatisfied with the traditional dogmas. Believing that the Bible should be the only rule of faith, they held that Christian doctrine needed a reformation too. The first strong voice of radical Protestantism was that of a Spaniard, Michael Servetus. The epic of Unitarianism begins with him.

56. Unitarianism Before 1825 In North America Precursors to the Institutional Presence of American unitarianism in 1825 Yet we cannot understand the history of American unitarianism in the http://www.uuottawa.com/pre1825.html

Precursors to the Institutional Presence of American Unitarianism in 1825 I ntroduction from "A Stream of Light: A Short History of American Unitarianism" edited by Conrad Wright The American Unitarian Association was organized on May 25, 1825. But first there had to be Channing's Baltimore Sermon in 1819; and before that, the dispute over the election of Henry Ware as Hollis Professor of Divinity in 1805, an event which has long been taken to have been the starting point of the Unitarian Controversy. Yet we cannot understand the history of American Unitarianism in the nineteenth century without looking back to the eighteenth, and even farther back than that. Unitarianism was not a sudden new creation in 1805. It was a product of the impact on New England Puritanism of the eighteenth-century currents of thought that we refer to, in shorthand expression, as the Enlightenment, or the Age of Reason. Before examining Unitarianism, as a distinct religious movement, or denomination, we must remind ourselves of some of the continuities between it and the Puritanism from which it emerged. There were also continuities in terms of ecclesiastical structure. It has been argued, not entirely facetiously, that the only things on which Unitarian Universalists agree are congregational polity and Robert's rules of order. Congregational polity, at any rate, is not a Unitarian invention, nor do Unitarian Universalists have a monopoly of it. As they proclaim its virtues, or appeal to it as normative for their way of ordering their affairs, they should remember that it is theirs by inheritance from William Ames, and John Cotton, and Thomas Hooker. The Unitarian Universalist Association is the kind of organization it is, at least in part, because the Cambridge Platform of Church Discipline was recommended to the churches of New England in 1648.

57. Unitarianism Books were smuggled to England, and unitarianism took root there. Titles smuggled into England planted the seed of unitarianism there. http://www.islandnet.com/~jelrod/uni.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive] UNITARIANISM 20 March 2003 J. McRee (Mac) Elrod The word "Unitarian" historically refers to the oneness of God as opposed to the Trinity of God, belief in which is referred to as"Trinitarianism". The word Trinity is not in the Bible, nor is the concept. The naming of Father Son and Holy Spirit hardly occurs, except as a echo of a baptismal formula. The doctrine dates from the early Middle Ages, as an effort to reconcile Jewish theology with Greek philosophy, and was adopted as doctrine at the Council of Nicea in 325 AD at the behest of Constantine. The leader of the Trinitarian position was St. Nicholas (later known as Santa Claus), who later actively persecuted Unitarians. At that time the Unitarian position was called "Arianism" for its leader Arius of Alexandria. He and the idea were declared heretic, and was crushed except for a few remote Germanic tribes. With the invention of the printing press in the 1450's, and the wide reading of the Bible, people discovered that the Trinity was not there, and Unitarians (often called Arians) sprang up all over Europe like crocus. In most places they were killed. Calvin burned the best known Renaissance Unitarian theologian, the Spaniard Servetus, in Geneva, in 1604. He was burned with a slow fire, taking half an hour to kill him, with his books and writings strapped to him. Earlier he had been burned in effigy by Catholics. (Servetus was also a doctor, and had discovered the pulmonary circulation of the blood.)

58. Early Unitarianism Road to unitarianism Arius to Servetus. Today I take a historical look at unitarianism, the religion that developed because some disagreed with the concept http://www.uufhc.net/s040815.html

Early Unitarianism Kay Saucier Delivered on August 15, 2004 Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of Harford County Opening Words: Declaration of Religious Tolerance In every place the preachers shall preach and explain the Gospel, each according to his understanding of it, and if the congregation like it, well; if not, no one shall compel them, for their souls would not be satisfied, but they shall be permitted to keep a preacher whose teaching they approve. Therefore none of the Bishops or others shall annoy or abuse the preachers on account of their religion... or allow any to be imprisoned or punished by removal from his post on account of his teachings, for faith is the gift of God. This comes from hearing, and hearing by the word of God. King John Sigismund of Transylvania, 1557 Road to Unitarianism: Arius to Servetus Many UUs like to trace back our faith to early church fathers, mainly Arius, from the 4th Century CE who disagreed with the present doctrine of the Trinity. In fact, Unitarians throughout history have often been called Arians During the Renaissance, spurred by the Reformation, even some in Western Europe began to question the concept of Trinity again. Another man often considered a forerunner of Unitarianism, Michael Servetus was born in Spain around the time of the Inquisition. He wondered why people would rather die and undergo torture than give up their religious beliefs contrary to those of the Catholic Church. If the Catholic doctrine is true, how come these heretics don't see the light? He decided the sticking point was the concept of Trinity, especially for Spain's Moslems and Jews, since the doctrine ran contrary to their belief in one God. After much thought, he published

59. Elizabeth Gaskell, British Unitarianism And Darwinism unitarianism in Britain has a history separate from but parallel to British unitarianism was creedless and placed primary reliance on reason. http://www.uufhc.net/s020707.html

Elizabeth Gaskell, British Unitarianism and Darwinism Kay Saucier Delivered on July 7, 2002 Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of Harford County As a UU Director of Religious Education, a favorite part of my job was reading through several volumes of biographies of famous or noteworthy Unitarians and Universalists. As a UU history aficionado, I marveled at how influencial UUs have been, not only to our denomination, but to the world at large. I certainly thought I was familiar with most famous historical Unitarians and Universalists. But for a wedding anniversary a few years back, Rick gave me this book on women writers. One author, Elizabeth Gaskell, wrote in England around the time of Dickens and George Eliot, and who was totally unknown to me is described here as the daughter and wife of Unitarian Ministers. Elizabeth Gaskell is perhaps most famous as the author of the still definitive and acclaimed literary biography of her friend Charlotte Bronte, for writing the totally charming Cranford , vignettes of a small-town life that was fast disappearing in England (and a small excerpt of which we heard in the children's story), as the author of a woman's romance story

60. Unitarianism According to Britannica Online, English unitarianism begins with Although unitarianism began as a a scripturally oriented movement, by the http://www.victorianweb.org/religion/unitarian.html

Unitarianism George P. Landow , Professor of English and Art History, Brown University nitarianism is "the form of Christianity that denies the doctrine of the Trinity , believing that God exists only in one person. While there were previous antitrinitarian movements in the early Christian Church, like Arianism and Monarchianism, modern Unitarianism originated in the period of the Protestant Reformation" ( Columbia Encyclopedia ). And the Oxford English Dictionary defines a Unitarian as one "who affirms the unipersonality of the Godhead, especially as opposed to an orthodox Trinitarian; spec. a member or adherent of a Christian religious body or sect holding this doctrine." According to Britannica Online , English Unitarianism begins with John Biddle (1615-62), an English Socinian, whose knowledge of the Greek text of the New Testament convinced him that the doctrine of the Trinity was not of scriptural origin, published his Unitarian convictions in Twelve Arguments Drawn out of Scripture . . . (1647) . . . The first English Unitarian congregation, Essex Street Chapel, was founded in London in 1774 by Theophilus Lindsey, who previously had been an

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