101. H-Net Review: Kennell Jackson On The Great Lakes Of Africa: Two Thousand Years O Going Deep into Great Lakes regional history Rwandahistory. Burundihistory.Ugandahistory. Purchasing through these links helps support HNet http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0d7k7-aa

H-Net: Humanities and Social Sciences Online about search site map editors ... Discussion Networks Search Reviews Advanced Search Reviews Home Subscribe to H-Review Info. for Publishers ... Advanced Search Search by Year Books Multimedia All Volumes Jean-Pierre Chr©tien. The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History. Translated by Scott Straus. New York: Zone Books, 2003. 504 pp. Tables, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $36.00 (cloth), ISBN 1-890951-34-X. Reviewed by: Kennell Jackson , Department of History, Stanford University. Published by: H-Africa (May, 2004) Going Deep into Great Lakes Regional History At first glance, Jean-Pierre Chr©tien's book looks like a longue-dur©e history because it spans at least two millennia. While Chr©tien criticizes Fernand Braudel's indifference to Africa as a historical area, he indirectly invokes him in calling one section of the book a "social history of the long term" (p. 70). In another instance, he is direct about Braudel's influence. Chr©tien says that his story of colonial economic change in Uganda's Buganda was done "in the spirit of Braudelian synthesis" (p. 239). Even with these allusions, though, Chr©tien's book differs from Fernand Braudel's conception of history. Events and individuals count. Political ideologies are active in the historical narrative. Historical processes are not inscribed with that Braudelian sense of inevitablility. Overall, Chr©tien's capacious and ambitious history has two purposes. The first goal is to provide what is arguably the first time-deep history of the whole region. The second goal is to proffer an interpretation of the forces that led to the genocidal years in Rawanda that actually began in the late 1950s, but appeared most tragically in the 1980s-1990s and particularly in 1994. To do justice to the first goal, Chr©tien resisted straitjacketing the region's past just to explain genocide. This allowed him to show when and how the region's ethnic composition took shape, and then how that composition was recast in some places into an ideology of "ethnic fundamentalism" (p. 37). The Braudelian model might have been suggestive to Chr©tien as a narrative format. But it was not as suitable for stressing historical contingency, which he insists on.

102. Annex 1 About half were descendants of migrants who came to uganda in search of a The main objective of the CEPGL is to establish a regional common market and http://www.reliefweb.int/library/nordic/book1/pb020h.html

Journal of Humanitarian Assistance Annex 1 Rwanda in the Region The Banyarwanda Rwanda had developed into a geopolitical entity possibly already by the 16th century (Ogot, 1984). However, over time the Banyarwanda, i.e. the people who speak the language of Rwanda, kinyarwanda, have been - and are still - spread over Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and Zaire. The Banyarwanda, close relatives of the Banyankole and Bakiga in Uganda and the Barundi in Burundi, are thus East Africa's largest ethnic grouping. Outside Rwanda itself, the Banyarwanda in Uganda form the biggest sub-group, and are also the best documented (Watson, 1991). In 1991, they numbered slightly over 1.3 million and fell into three categories: One third were truly Ugandan Banyarwanda, whose families lived inside Uganda when the colonial boundaries were finally drawn in 1910. The settlement of the colonial borders added Banyarwanda population in the south-west of Uganda, the so-called Bafumbira. They were mostly Hutu agriculturalists, but intense land-pressure has since driven thousands to migrate to Kampala. Other Banyarwanda, mostly Tutsi, have long been living in Ankole. About half were descendants of migrants who came to Uganda in search of a better life between 1920 and 1959, i.e. before the so-called peasant revolt and the process to independence in Rwanda. They came as labourers, responding to the acute lack of manpower following the introduction of cash crops in Uganda. Life is reported to have been easier there than in Rwanda (and Burundi). Baganda employers paid twice the rate compared to those in Rwanda, work and food were plentiful and corporal punishment rare. Both Hutu and Tutsi migrated. Hutu, however, appear to have assimilated more easily.

103. Statement Of U.S. Senator Russ Feingold On The Situation In Uganda When most of my colleagues think of uganda, they probably think, The recenthistory of ugandan military adventures in the Democratic Republic of the http://feingold.senate.gov/speeches/04/03/2004406745.html

Statement of U.S. Senator Russ Feingold on the Situation in Uganda March 31, 2004 Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, today I am very pleased to be joined by my colleague, Senator Alexander, in introducing legislation to draw attention to the horrifying situation in northern and eastern Uganda. Worse, often these camps have insufficient protection, and the LRA has targeted these civilian communities of the displaced. Just last month, a displaced persons camp was attacked by the LRA, and in a 3-hour period, some 200 unarmed civilians were hacked, shot, and burned to death. Many fear that targeting of civilians will only increase with the government's efforts to arm and train local defense forces, and local leaders warn of the potential for these forces to take the form of ethnic militias, harkening back to some of the worst days of Uganda's history. Reputable human rights organizations have reported disturbing abuses committed by Ugandan security forces in the region, and an absence of reliable mechanisms for holding those responsible to account. The recent history of Ugandan military adventures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, particularly in Ituri, does not inspire confidence. Thankfully, Uganda has withdrawn from the DRC. But lingering questions about the military's commitment to basic human rights standards remain. I believe that the Ugandan military and the Ugandan government want to answer those questions definitively, and to reaffirm their commitment to developing professional and responsible forces. But pretending that these questions and concerns do not exist is not in the interest of Ugandans, it is not in the interest of Americans, and it is not in the interest of the kind of solid, frank, genuine partnership that I believe we all wish to cultivate with Uganda.

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