21. Vive Le Canada - Genocide In Africa And The So-Called War On Terror The primary victims of the terror are presently the indigenous peoples of Darfur Then they started killing tutsi civilians Rwandan opposition leaders. http://www.vivelecanada.ca/article.php/20040407120830209

Login Contact Search english ... FAQ Featured Actions Join the Red and White Ribbon Campaign for Canadian Sovereignty, and say NO to deep integration! Cliquez ici pour la campagne en français! Fight the extradition of Marc Emery, and Protest the Incursion of the U.S. Drug War Into Canada NEW! Donate to help victims of Hurricane Katrina online through the Canadian Red Cross. Just click here Sections Home Action Items Canada - U.S. relations Canadian Dimension ... Zero for Conduct Syndicate us! Our headlines are available as an RSS feed ; you can read this with any RSS reader You might also want to subscribe to our mailing lists Events Site Events Wednesday 28-Sep Death of Public Broadcasting CDM Headlines Families to Permanently Move Away From Violence, Crime, and Decay Manipulation Of The Public Is A Politician's Main Job Veterans Head Advised Not To Give Interviews To CBC During Lockout Opportunity is Knocking. Will Newfoundland and Labrador Let It In? ... WTO Opens Panel Proceeding To Public For The First Time Canada Kicks Ass Scouts targeted in San Diego First Court Fight over Intellegent Design How Many More Mike Browns Are Out There?

22. IPACC - Indigenous Peoples Of Africa Coordinating Committee Hawe BOUBA, Mbororo, Cameroon, Gender, Central africa. Regional Review.The indigenous peoples of Central africa are forestbased hunter-foragers known http://www.ipacc.org.za/centralafrica.asp

Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Uganda Regional Representatives: Vital BAMBANZE Batwa, Burundi Central Africa Colette MIKILA D.R. Congo Deputy, Central Africa Hawe BOUBA Mbororo, Cameroon Gender, Central Africa Regional Review: During the precolonial era, Bantu speaking peoples took over parts of the Pygmy territories. Under the Tutsi kings, some Batwa Pygmies served in the court as entertainers, potters and even as Royal bodyguards. During the colonial and postcolonial periods most Pygmies were ignored during state formation and economically marginalised. Due to the absence of birth certificates, Pygmies in some countries were not considered to be real citizens. Post-independence economic policies have tended to assume that development requires villagisation and sedenterisation. Across Central Africa a major concern is deforestation from logging. Private companies negotiate concessions where they are meant to do selective cutting but African governments cannot always monitor what happens in remote areas, and the results can be devastating to the environment and the forest peoples. The destruction of the forest canopy has a radical impact on the environment, leading a rapid loss of biodiversity and also endangering the lungs of the planet (See Virtanen, P et al (2002) Sustainable Forest Management. Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs). A major effort is being made by Western and African countries to slow down the devastation in the Congo Basin, one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet. In 2002, Gabon declared 13 national parks, including the vast Minkebe National Park. IPACC conducted a month long mission to Gabon visiting Pygmy communities to encourage them to enter into dialogue with government over the regulations relating to hunting, occupation and traditional practices in Parks and the periphery. (See Gabon section here). Baka Pygmies are also involved in WWF initiatives at Dzanga Sanga National Park in the Central African Republic. Newly formed Pygmy associations have been established in Cameroon but require organisational capacity support.

23. Africa: Definition And Much More From Answers.com The reality was ethnically tutsi and Hutu were at this point one people and Roughly 20% of Africans primarily follow indigenous African religions. http://www.answers.com/topic/africa

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Geography WordNet Wikipedia Translations Best of Web Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Africa Dictionary Af·ri·ca ăf rÄ­-kə The second-largest continent, lying south of Europe between the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Africa has vast mineral resources, many of which are still undeveloped. var tcdacmd="cc=edu;dt"; Encyclopedia Africa ăf rÄ­kə ) , second largest continent, c.11,677,240 sq mi (30,244,050 sq km) including adjacent islands; 1997 est. pop. 743,000,000. Broad to the north (c.4,600 mi/7,400 km wide), Africa straddles the equator and stretches c.5,000 mi (8,050 km) from Cape Blanc (Tunisia) in the north to Cape Agulhas (South Africa) in the south. It is connected with Asia by the Sinai Peninsula (from which it is separated by the Suez Canal) and is bounded on the N by the Mediterranean Sea, on the W and S by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the E and S by the Indian Ocean. The largest offshore island is Madagascar; other islands include St. Helena and Ascension in the S Atlantic Ocean; S£o Tom©, Pr­ncipe, Annob³n, and Bioko in the Gulf of Guinea; the Cape Verde, Canary, and Madeira islands in the N Atlantic Ocean; and Mauritius, R©union, Zanzibar, Pemba, and the Comoros and Seychelles in the Indian Ocean. Geology and Geography The continent's largest rivers are the Nile (the world's longest river), the Congo, the Niger, the Zambezi, the Orange, the Limpopo, and the Senegal. The largest lakes are Victoria (the world's second largest freshwater lake), Tanganyika, Albert, Turkana, and Nyasa (or Malawi), all in E Africa; shallow Lake Chad, the largest in W Africa, shrinks considerably during dry periods. The lakes and major rivers (most of which are navigable in stretches above the escarpment of the plateau) form an important inland transportation system.

24. Africa - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Those closest to this ideal were proclaimed tutsi and those not were proclaimedHutu. Pygmies are the indigenous people of central africa. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa

Africa From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Africa portal This article is about the continent; for other things named Africa, see Africa (disambiguation) A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the world 's second-largest continent and second most populous after Asia . At about 30,244,050 km² mi² ) including its adjacent islands, it covers 20.3 percent of the total land area on Earth . With over 800 million human inhabitants in 54 countries, it accounts for about one seventh of the world human population Contents Etymology Geography History Politics ... edit Etymology World map showing location of Africa The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans , who used the name Africa terra — "land of the Afri" (plural, or "Afer" singular) — for the northern part of the continent, as the province of Africa with its capital Carthage , corresponding to modern-day Tunisia The origin of Afer may either come from: the Phoenician `afar , dust; the Afri, a tribe—possibly Berber —who dwelt in North Africa in the Carthage area; the Greek word aphrike , meaning without cold (see also List of traditional Greek place names or the Latin word aprica , meaning sunny.

25. IRIN Africa Central East Africa GREAT LAKES GREAT LAKES the plight of the indigenous forest peoples, or pygmies, of Central africa . Kalimba Zephyrin, the director of the Community of indigenous People of http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=2645&SelectRegion=Central_East_Afric

26. Class And Ethnic Tensions Among White Settlers (from Southern Africa) --  Encyc In South africa after 1912 and the British colony of Southern Rhodesia after Relations between the Hutu and the tutsi peoples in Rwanda and Burundi have http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-234008

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Expand all Collapse all Introduction Southern Africa before the 15th century Early humans and Stone Age society The Khoisan The spread of Bantu languages Food production ... Xhosa-Dutch conflict European and African interaction in the 19th century The continuation of the slave trade Effects of the slave trade Causes of the Mfecane Shaka and the creation of the Zulu ... Expropriation of African land Portugal and Germany in Southern Africa Colonists in Angola and Mozambique Angola and Mozambique in the late 19th century Germans in South West Africa The South African War ... Ovamboland Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia Settlers in Mozambique and Angola changeTocNode('toc43812','img43812'); Class and ethnic tensions among white settlers Land, labour, and taxation White agriculture and African reserves The invention of tribalism ... The consolidation of white rule in Southern Africa Peaceful independence Lesotho, Botswana, and Swaziland

27. FPP - Central Africa Great Lakes Region And Cameroon - Summary CAURWA (‘Community of indigenous People of Rwanda’) is awaiting further The FNL claimed responsibility for a massacre of 160 tutsi refugees from eastern http://www.forestpeoples.org/Briefings/Africa/iwgia_yrbk_c_af_2005_eng.htm

28. Encyclopedia Of The World's Minorities Taiwan s indigenous peoples Tajiks Tamils Tatars Tharu Tibetans tutsi TuvansTwa Tyrolese Germanspeakers Udmurts Ukrainians Ulster Irish http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/minorities/thematic.html

(List is not final and is subject to change prior to publication.) Biographies Groups Nations Topics Biographies Achebe, Chinua (Nigerian) Adams, Gerry (Northern Ireland Catholic) Aga Khan (Ismaili) Ali, Muhammad (African-American) Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji (Dalit) Arafat, Yasser (Palestinian) Bhindranwale, Jarnail Sant (India-Sikh) Bonner, Neville Thomas (Aborigine) Chavez, Cesar (Mexican-American) Dalai Lama (Tibetan) De Klerk, F.W. (Afrikaner) Du Bois, W.E.B. (African-American) Fanon, Frantz Omar (Algerian) Farrakhan, Louis (African-American) Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (India) Garang, John (Sudanese) Garvey, Marcus (Jamaican) Gheorghe, Nicolae (Roma Romania) Grant, Bernie (United Kingdom)

29. Encyclopedia Of The World's Minorities Taiwan s indigenous peoples Tajikistan Tajiks Tamil Tigers Tamils Tanzania tutsi Tutu, Desmond (South African) Tuvans Twa Tyrolese Germanspeakers http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/minorities/azentries.html

(List is not final and is subject to change prior to publication.) A B C D ... Z A Aborigines Acehnese Achebe, Chinua (Nigerian) Adams, Gerry (Northern Ireland Catholic) Afar Affirmative Action Afghanistan Africa: A Continent of Minorities? African-American Nationalism and Separatism Africans: Overview Africans: Europe Afrikaners Afro-Brazilians Afro-Caribbeans Afro-Cubans Afro-Latin Americans Afrocentricity Aga Khan (Ismaili) Ahmadiyas Ainu Alawis Albania Albanians Alevis Algeria Ali, Muhammad (African-American) Alsatians Altai (Altaians) Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji (Dalit)

30. Women Suffer Double, Triple, Quadruple Discrimination women belonging to ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples suffer discrimination, But while the focus was on ethnicity, tutsi women were targeted http://www.religiousconsultation.org/News_Tracker/women_suffer_double_triple_dis

THE RELIGIOUS CONSULTATION Home News Archives Newsletters About Us ... Donate Inter Press Service, August 9, 2004 Women Suffer Double, Triple, Quadruple Discrimination GENEVA, Aug 9 (IPS) - Abuses against indigenous or other minority women, referred to merely as ''double discrimination'' by experts and activists, has not yet been understood in its full dimension. Although both men and women belonging to ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples suffer discrimination, it is women who do so in a multi-pronged fashion, argue Fareda Banda and Christine Chinkin, researchers with the Minority Rights Group (MRG), an international organisation based in Britain. ''Sexual violence of nearly epidemic proportions and multiple forms of discrimination against minority and indigenous women could be better prevented,'' say the experts.

31. Online NewsHour: The Continuing Crisis In Zaire -- February 17, 1997 GEORGE NZONGOLA, Zairian Professor In africa, every people is supposed to have a for land between Rwanda, or tutsi and Hutu, and indigenous Zairians. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/february97/crisis_2-17.html

SECOND LOOK: ORIGINS OF A CRISIS February 17, 1997 TRANSCRIPT Conflict and unrest continue to haunt the Central African nation of Zaire and its neighbors. Charlayne Hunter-Gault re-examines the centuries-old causes of the violence. CHARLAYNE HUNTER-GAULT: The crisis began last October when rebels in Eastern Zaire launched a military campaign aimed at ousting Mobutu Sese Seko, the dictator who has ruled Zaire with an iron fist for the past 30 years. The ever-deepening crisis took a turn today when the government rejected a cease-fire with the Tutsi-dominated rebels and launched air raids that killed six and wounded at least twenty people. This was the first bombing attack against the rebels since they launched their military campaign. Mobutu, ailing with advanced cancer, has retreated to an isolated jungle hide-away in the northern village of Gbadolite and from there has accused the rebels of fighting a proxy war on behalf of the Tutsi-led governments of neighboring Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda. Last week, the U.N. accused Mobutu’s government of arming exiled Hutu hard-liners. The action is in the Eastern part of the country. There, the conflict is intertwined with the Hutu-Tutsi conflict in neighboring Rwanda. In Zaire, rebel leader Laurent Kabila, a shadowy figure of uncertain ethnicity, and his Tutsi-dominated forces have carried out a startling four-month offensive that has swept across Eastern Zaire and captured an area the size of the U.S. Eastern seaboard from New York to Atlanta. And while the advance has slowed in recent days, the rebels are pressing on toward their two main targets, the Southern mining center of Lubumbashi and Kisangani, the commercial hub of Northern Zaire. The loss of these areas could bring down the government.

32. WCAR Plenary 3 September 2001 Statement At The Plenary By HE Mr uphold the rights of indigenous people against a threat posed by migrants . As in South africa, our peoples have been defined in opposition to each http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/0/1AE006AEBF130CEB41256AC000325054?op

33. Weekly Worker 491 Thursday July 31 2003 Ignorance of African history and the politics of African peoples and states was also directed against the tutsi as a supposedly nonindigenous people. http://www.cpgb.org.uk/worker/491/rwanda.html

home contact action theory ... our history related articles Self-determination and Kosova 'Left Trotskyism' and imperialism Weekly Worker 491 Thursday July 31 2003 Class lessons of genocide Mahmood Mamdani When Victims Become Killers ', Princeton University Press, 2001, pp363, £35, hbk This book, whose secondary title is Colonialism, nativism and the genocide in Rwanda , contains a wealth of information and analysis on the subject of what should be one of the most notorious events of the 20th century. The author is of a Marxist background, a long-standing contributor to the American Monthly Review journal, and the writer of several books on subjects relating to the politics of Africa. He is an African studies professor at Columbia University in New York , formerly of Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda. The death of at least 850,000 people, possibly a million, in 1994 in Rwanda is an event in some ways more shocking in its apparent implications than even the Nazi holocaust. For, though Hitler’s genocide of the Jewish people had considerably more victims, the actual number of perpetrators was comparatively small; it was carried out by a bureaucratic-military machine without mass involvement. In Rwanda, conversely, the act of killing one’s neighbour or even in some cases members of one’s own family was a mass phenomenon. As the publishers note, the author explains why the slaughter in Rwanda “was performed by hundreds of thousands of ordinary citizens, including even judges, human rights activists, doctors, nurses, priests, friends and spouses of the victims” (cover).

34. Alexandre Kimenyi's Website Seeds of new partnership between indigenous peoples and the United Nations. The Basque Week 9. The Berber of Northern africa The Berber People BBC http://www.kimenyi.com/ethn-156.php

BOOKS ARTICLES KIMENYI'S POETRY RWANDAN POETS ... FORUM Ethnic Studies 156 Indigenous People Advanced Study General Education: Area D2 The Individual and Society Course Description The course discusses the common existential experience of Indigenous People all over the world namely the Batwa and Pygmies in Central Africa, the Khoisan of Southern Africa, the Berber in Northern Africa, the Sami in Northern Europe, the Dravidians of India, the Hawaiians in the Pacific, the Ainu of Japan, the Aborigines in Australia, and Native Americans in the Americas Course Justification: The course fulfills the curricular goals of the Ethnic Studies Department in its efforts to develop courses with an international and global scope. The course is also important for comparative studies in ethnic and racial relations of pluralistic societies. The course will examine how this "endangered species" is similar and different from other minorities in the United States. Expected Learning Outcomes 1.Students are expected to be able to identify indigenous people.

35. Foreign Policy In Focus - Self-Determination - Listserv The Working Group on indigenous peoples was formed to study conditions and draw France interpreted events in Central africa in terms of threats to the http://selfdetermine.irc-online.org/listserv/020809_body.html

9 August 2002 Self-Determination Conflict Watch is an electronic journal sponsored by Foreign Policy In Focus (FPIF), a joint project of the Interhemispheric Resource Center and the Institute for Policy Studies. FPIF, a "think tank without walls," is dedicated to "making the U.S. a more responsible global leader and partner." The project has received a grant from the Carnegie Corporation to advance new approaches to self-determination conflicts through web-based research and analysis. Conflict Watch presents the latest analysis about self-determination from our international network of experts. For more information, please visit our Self-Determination In Focus website at http://www.selfdetermine.org/index.html tom@irc-online.org Tom Barry, editor of Self-Determination Conflict Watch, is a senior analyst with the Interhemispheric Resource Center (IRC) (online at www.irc-online.org ) and codirector of Foreign Policy In Focus. The IRC is responsible for producing and publishing the Self-Determination Conflict Watch ezine. Table of Contents SELF-DETERMINATION AND AUTONOMY IN LATIN AMERICA: ONE STEP FORWARD, TWO STEPS BACK

36. Inspecting African Bodies Television News Coverage And Satellite (Paper presented at the Sixth Annual African Studies Consortium Workshop, This conflation of indigenous peoples with the landscape itself has long been http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Workshop/joelisa98.html

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER Inspecting African Bodies: Television News Coverage and Satellite Imaging of Rwandan Refugees (Paper presented at the Sixth Annual African Studies Consortium Workshop, October 02, 1998) by Lisa Parks (University of California at Santa Barbara) (This paper is a very rough draft. Please do not quote or cite. [the authors]) Introduction Seeing and Constructing the Refugee Televisions Flow of Refugees Tracking Refugees from the Sky: Satellite and Aerial Images ... References Introduction When President Bill Clinton visited the small central African country of Rwanda in late March 1998, he used the word "genocide" to describe the murderous events that took the lives of some 500,000 people four years earlier. The 1994 Rwandan conflict has its roots not in simmering "tribal hatreds" but in a colonial and post-colonial political and economic order that politicized differences among ethnic groups to allow one group (Tutsis) more power over others (Hutu and Twa primarily). Burundi, and Tanzania.

37. Canada World View - Issue 21 - Winter-Spring 2004 It makes you wary of africa. And yet, he points out, a recent British poll found dramas of indigenous peoples contact with Europeans; accounts of the http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/canada-magazine/issue21/15-title-en.asp

Français Contact Us Help Search ... About Us Issue 21 Winter-Spring 2004 For more than a generation, Canadian writers of all backgrounds have been exploring Africa. The transatlantic traffic in ideas and books has never been richer. When writer Ken Wiwa stares outside his office window in search of inspiration, he sees an empty white space like a blank sheet of paper - the snow-covered quadrangle of Massey College at the University of Toronto. "It's hard to imagine Africa," he says. Yet that is what Wiwa, an accomplished non-fiction writer and columnist for The Globe and Mail , is currently trying to do: develop his first novel, an exploration of tribal memory and dislocation set amid the brilliant tropical sunshine, the honking and shouting cacophony, the pollution, exuberance and heat of his family's native Nigeria. "I'm consistently finding that reports of Africa in the Canadian news media are all about issues, about trouble," says Wiwa. "It makes you wary of Africa." And yet, he points out, a recent British poll found that Nigerians rated themselves as the world's happiest people. "The troubles are real enough, but from the outside, it's hard to get Africa's complexity right." Nevertheless, a surprising number of Canadian writers have attempted to do just that - some of them with considerable success.

38. PEOPLES OF AFRICA Paper Topic 3 Ethnic Conflict in africa ? Hutututsi Paper Topic 16 IndigenousAgriculture the Best System for africa. Reader Article I. Karp http://www.stpt.usf.edu/arthurj/Peoples_of_Africa.htm

PEOPLES Of AFRICA ANT 4930 (section 601) Lecture: Tuesday , FCT 118N Semester: Spring 2005 Instructor: Dr. John W. Arthur Link to John’s CV and Research Email: mailto:arthurj@stpt.usf.edu Phone: (727)553-4960 Office Hours: Monday and Wednesday 9:00 – 10:00 am DAVIS HALL 270 Webpage Textbooks Course Objective Policies ... line Links Africa News WEBPAGE http://www.stpt.usf.edu/arthurj/ Brief outlines for each lecture and questions for film days should be printed out before class. These will be available by 11 PM on the evening before the lecture by clicking on the LECTURE TOPIC for the day. I will not give out my lecture notes nor will the film be available on another day. If you are ill, you should obtain the notes for films and lectures from a classmate. Required Texts Readings should be completed before class on the day assigned on the syllabus below. Understanding Contemporary Africa , Edited by April A. Gordon and Donald L. Gordon, 3 rd Edition. Course Description and Objectives This course draws upon works in anthropology and related fields to dispel myths and stereotypes of Africa by addressing issues facing that continent today. The course will incorporate lectures, readings, and discussions focused on themes such as gender relations, the debate over the nature of indigenous cultures, health issues such AIDS and malaria, debt relief to countries, refugees and current conflicts that affect food acquisition and security, and a discussion on the multiple types of religion practiced in

39. MOST Ethno-Net Publication Combating Racism, Ethnicity These rights are reaffirmed in the African Charter on Human and peoples Rightswith an Recognizing the vulnerability of indigenous peoples, the UN World http://www.ethnonet-africa.org/pubs/playfield.htm

MOST ETHNO-NET AFRICA PUBLICATIONS Racism, Xenophobia and other Forms of Intolerance in Africa, UNESCO / ENA, 2001 Leveling the Playing Field: Combating Racism, Ethnicity and Different Forms of Discrimination in Africa (eds) PREFACE This draft document was prepared by a group of African scholars from Ethno-Net Africa (ENA) as a reflection paper related to issues being discussed at the Durban World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia, and Intolerance. Ethno-Net is a multi-disciplinary research network created to identify and analyze causes of ethnic conflicts in Africa, monitor these as part of an early warning system, and seek possible solutions. The network also looks at ways of promoting ethnic conviviality. Participants at the workshop noted various points and some key issues regarding racism, ethnic exclusion, xenophobia and the various other forms of discrimination and intolerance relevant to the African context. These points are presented in this draft document. The document also presents some background information on ENA's programme. The purpose is to use the opportunity offered during the World Conference in Durban to inter-act with NGO's and various other groups to explore ways to enable Ethno-Net to network with other institutions. Again the idea is to consider specific areas for the follow up of the implementation of the Plan of Action to be adopted by the Durban Conference. This draft paper will be further enriched with results of the Proceedings, at the Durban World Conference.

40. Batwa  In 1995 the Batwa founded the Community of indigenous peoples of Rwanda are the indigenous inhabitants of Rwanda in Central East africa, a pygmy people http://www.unpo.org/print.php?arg=10&par=32

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