141. RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY Daily news, analysis and Real Audio broadcasts covering the developments in turkmenistan. http://www.rferl.org/bd/tu/

Top News I RFE/RL Newsline I Features I Reports I Specials I RFE/RL Experts Subscribe I Listen I RFE/RL Languages I About RFE/RL I Search I Site Map I Homepage News by Country Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bashkortostan (Russia) Belarus Bosnia-Herzegovina Georgia Iran Iraq Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Macedonia Moldova North Caucasus (Russia) Romania Russia Serbia and Montenegro Tajikistan Tatarstan (Russia) Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan News by Language Afghan [Dari] Afghan [Pashto] Afghan [English] Albanian Arabic [Radio Free Iraq] Armenian Armenian [English] Azerbaijani Belarusian Estonian Georgian Kazakh Kyrgyz Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Romanian Persian Persian [English] Russian Slovak South Slavic [Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian] Tajik Tatar-Bashkir Ukrainian Uzbek News and Features on Turkmenistan [ 26 September 2005 ] Ukraine: Battle Against Corruption Grinds To A Halt [ 23 September 2005 ] Central Asia: Scientists Sound Alarm Over Caspian Sturgeon [ 08 September 2005 ] Ukraine: Corruption Allegations Abound [ 07 September 2005 ] Central Asia: U.S. Embassy Says No Plans To Open Military Base In Turkmenistan UN Report: Central Asia Lags In Human Development [ 06 September 2005 ] Turkmen Leader Again Postpones Trip To Ukraine top homepage features Archive: January February March April May June July August September October November December News: For strategic reasons, the RFE/RL Turkmen site [Azatradio.org] has been removed from the Internet.

142. Political Resources On The Net - Turkmenistan Index of turkmenistan political sites. http://www.politicalresources.net/turkmenistan.htm

Turkmenistan Last updated: Elections in Turkmenistan by Wilfried Derksen Turkmenistan Yahoo! TurkmenistanNews.net Turkmenistan Resource Page EurasiaNet Turkmenistan All interesting facts, information and news Central Asia Commerce - Turkmenistan Governments on the WWW: Turkmenistan by Gunnar Anzinger Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments: Turkmenistan by Central Intelligence Agency President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov Unofficial Website Main State Tax Service of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Laws Embassy of Turkmenistan Washington D.C. Back to Asia

143. Gonur Tepe - A Visit To Bronze Age Turkmenistan The work of excavation and analysis of this contemporary of the Mesopotamian and Indus Valley civilizations has been accomplished by the Margianan Archeological Expedition. http://www.anahitagallery.com/aharch01.html

Anahita Gallery, Inc. art articles View of the palace complex at Gonur North. At the right, diggers shovel loosened earth from the pits to expose the ancient mud-brick walls. Zoom Gonur Tepe - A Visit to Bronze Age Turkmenistan click on any image to enlarge Zoom Bronze belt stud, 2200-1800 BC, Northern Afghanistan Bronze Age, depicting a winged female figure poised between two griffins. Only in the last quarter century, has the culture of Bronze Age Central Asia become widely known in the West. Since 1972, the work of excavation and analysis of this contemporary of the Mesopotamian and Indus Valley civilizations has in large part been accomplished by the Margianan Archeological Expedition, directed today by the Russian archeologist Victor Sarianidi. Dr. Sarianidi's recent work has focused on the Late Bronze Age sites, dating to the first half of the second millennium BC, located in the ancient delta of the Murgab River, in the southeastern part of present day Turkmenistan. Gonur Tepe was the largest of dozens of scattered Bronze Age sites established here in the early second millennium. Gonur appears to have served as an administrative and religious center for the region, and as a hub for long distance trade. Its sophisticated, monumental architecture, and elegant material remains in art and ornament indicate the high culture achieved before a variety of factors led to the movement of its peoples further south and east. A recent trip to the site brought Kate and Jane Fitz Gibbon first to Ashkabad, capital of Turkmenistan, then five hours northeast by paved road to Mary, and finally, across the open desert in an antique Russian military vehicle

144. Grec.net Turkmenistan Mapa, fotografies, geografia, economia, societat i hist²ria. Not­cies i enlla§os relacionats. http://www.grec.net/cgibin/heccl2.pgm?NDCHEC=0067966

145. Uzbekistan - Turkmenistan Trip Report 1994 turkmenistan travelogue http://www.csd.uu.se/~pierref/travel/turkmenistan.trip/

Uzbekistan - Turkmenistan Trip Report 28 July - 9 August 1994 Do not duplicate or redistribute in any form without written permission. istanbul - Tashkent - Samarkand - Bukhara - Urgench - Khiva Tashauz - Ashkabad - istanbul Introduction This is a report of a solo-trip to Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, undertaken during July/August 1994. I have compiled this from my travel notes, often omitting irrelevant details such as where I ate what, where I was sick with what, and so on, but adding some afterthoughts and hindsight. This journey was totally improvised, reservations - except for flights being a concept totally alien to me. Of course I did some homework beforehand, so as to know the must-sees. Valuable information sources were the Cadogan guide "Central Asia: The Practical Handbook" (UK, 1993, by Giles Whittell: excellent value), the Lonely Planet guide "USSR - A Travel Survival Kit" (Australia, 1991, by John Noble and John King: a great book, but it unfortunately came out as the Soviet Union was collapsing, and was thus aging badly), and the "Blue Guide to the USSR" (an excellent source of background knowledge). Descriptions are kept informative enough so that those who have been there should recognize the places, while those who would like to go there should be able to locate them. This report is not intended to be a crash course on Central Asian history. By the way, I compiled an

146. CNN.com - Ukraine's President To Visit Turkmenistan For Gas Talks - October 3, 2 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/central/10/03/ukraine.turkmenistan.ap/index.html

asianow Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search AsiaNow TIME Only Asiaweek Only CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web ASIANOW TOP STORIES Faith, madness, magic mix at sacred Hindu festival MORE TOP STORIES Tanker spills remaining fuel near Galapagos as captain detained Final two Texas fugitives make first court appearance Gore accepts visiting professor post at Columbia Lott calls Justice Department 'cesspool,' Ashcroft foes 'extremists' ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Ukraine's president to visit Turkmenistan for gas talks October 4, 2000

147. CNN.com - China Reports Strong Quake In Turkmenistan - December 6, 2000 CNN http://cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/central/12/06/quake.turkmenistan.reut/index.html

asianow Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search AsiaNow TIME Only Asiaweek Only CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web ASIANOW TOP STORIES Faith, madness, magic mix at sacred Hindu festival MORE TOP STORIES Tanker spills remaining fuel near Galapagos as captain detained Final two Texas fugitives make first court appearance Gore accepts visiting professor post at Columbia Lott calls Justice Department 'cesspool,' Ashcroft foes 'extremists' ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: China reports strong quake in Turkmenistan December 7, 2000

148. Fotobericht Kaukasus-Zentralasien (Seidenstrasse) Bilder einer dreimonatigen Reise durch den Kaukasus und Zentralasien (Georgien Aserbaidschan - turkmenistan - Usbekistan - Kyrgyzstan). http://www.luethi-hasli.ch/thl

Begrüssung Anreise Georgien Aserbaidschan Turkmenistan ... E-Mail (c) 2002 Thomas Lüthi Besucher Nr. Kaukasus - Zentralasien Georgien-Aserbaidschan-Turkmenistan-Usbekistan-Kyrgyzstan Am 27. Juni 2001 brach ich zusammen mit meinem Kollegen Thiller Karte Auf den folgenden Seiten befinden sich die schönsten Fotos dieses Trips. Ein Klick auf das gewünschte Bild vergrössert dieses. Ergänzt sind die Seiten mit den entsprechenden Reiseberichten, die ich damals an Freunde, Kollegen und Interessierte gemailt habe. Unten finden Sie eine Auswahl an Reiseführern, Büchern und Karten, die uns das Reisen erleichtert haben und interessante Infos über Land und Leute enthalten. Fragen, Anregungen und Bemerkungen nehme ich gerne per E-Mail entgegen. Übrigens: als Mitglied der Hüttenwart-Familie empfehle ich die Internet-Seiten der Windegghütte und der Bächlitalhütte Viel Spass beim Surfen wünscht Thomas Lüthi weitere themenbezogene Google-Inserate unter "

149. Turkmen/English Dictionary Downloadable dictionary, prepared by the Peace Corps turkmenistan (MS Word format). http://www.chaihana.com/dict.doc

<E <Q <X <b <m =J=U=f=q=~=„=ˆ=’=œ=£=´=Â=Ø=ß=í=÷=> >>>!>.>8>@>O>V>W>c>j>p>r>s>z>†>>Ÿ>ª>À>Ç>Ñ>Ü>è>ó>ü>???3?;?>?G?P?[?d?ýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýú÷ýúýóýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýúýú÷ýúýúU^ cHVcUcc`d?i?t? ?’? ?¯?¶?Á?Ð?ß?ì?ô?þ?@ @@@"@4@ <žüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúü÷úüúüú÷úü÷ú÷üúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüVccUcb <íCíZísííí‘í™íží¬íÁíÈíÍí×íßíæíííôíùíî(î1î7îBîJîTî`îhîqîîî—î¡î®î»îÉîèîöîïï*ï=ïKïVïdïtïŠï”ïžï¯ï¼ïÆïÕïâï÷ïðððð)ð3ð;ðOð[ðjðqðwððüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúücUccð«ð½ðÐðäðñðüðññ+ñ4ñ < Q < f < r > #> .> B> J> Z> b> ‚> > ž> ©> ³> À> Â> Í> Ö> Ø> ã> ñ> þ> ? -? 7? üúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúü÷úüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüú÷úüúüúüúüúüúüúüúüúü÷úü÷úüúüúüVccUcb7? J? X? ž? ©? »? Ç? ×? â? ì? ÷? @ #@ B@ K@ T@ w@ —@ ¢@ ¯@ ¸@ ã@ !A #A /A

150. Turkménistan : Exportation, Exporter, Vendre, Implantation, Investir, S'implant Informations ©conomiques et commerciales, renseignements pratiques pour s'implanter dans le pays. http://www.missioneco.org/turkmenistan/

document.write (''); Votre navigateur ne supporte pas Java. Ambassade de France Turkménistan

151. Reisen In Turkmenistan - Reisen Mit Reise Rat Kurze Einf¼hrung und Landesinformationen. http://www.reiserat.de/reisen_welt/gus/turkmenistan/

Reisen in Tadschikistan Turkmenistan Kurzinformationen Startseite ... Startseite Reisen mit Reise Rat Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Das Land an der Grenze zum Iran Diese Hauptstadt Aschchabad, 500 000 Einwohner groß, hat keinen Wassermangel. Sie ist ein Handelsort inmitten einer üppigen Oase zwischen der Karakum-Wüste und dem Gebirge Koppe-Dag. Schon vor Jahrhunderten lag hier ein hübsches Dorf ("Aschchabad" heißt "Ort der Liebe"). Heute ist es eine der modernsten asiatischen Städte mit einem sehenswerten "Museum der bildenden Künste", in dem vor allem ein riesiger Teppich auffällt: er ist 196 qm groß. Reisen mit Reise Rat Reisen in Turkmenistan Kurzinformationen Suche in Reise Rat eintragen austragen

152. Welcome To The Australian Embassy In Moscow Located in Moscow and accredited to Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia, Uzbekistan, turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. With contact information for the Australian Honorary Consulates in St Petersburg, Vladivostok and Kyiv.In English and Russian. http://www.australianembassy.ru/

people have visited this website since June 1999.

153. CNN.com - Ukraine Works Out Payment For Gas Debts To Turkmenistan - July 25, 200 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/central/07/25/turkmenistan.ukraine.ap/index.html

asianow Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search AsiaNow TIME Only Asiaweek Only CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web ASIANOW TOP STORIES Faith, madness, magic mix at sacred Hindu festival MORE TOP STORIES Tanker spills remaining fuel near Galapagos as captain detained Final two Texas fugitives make first court appearance Gore accepts visiting professor post at Columbia Lott calls Justice Department 'cesspool,' Ashcroft foes 'extremists' ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Ukraine works out payment for gas debts to Turkmenistan July 26, 2000

154. Russian Federation, Kazakhstan And Turkmenistan Swiss Embassy in Moscow, including information about the Swiss Business Hub Russia. http://www.eda.admin.ch/moscow_emb/

155. Government & Politics President of turkmenistan for life. http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/turkmen/gov/presbio.html

His Excellency Saparmurat Niyazov "Turkmenbashi" President of Turkmenistan and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat Niyazov was born on February 19, 1940, into a worker's family in Ashgabat. His father died in battle in World War II and the remaining members of his family perished in Ashgabat’s massive earthquake of 1948. He was raised first in an orphanage and later in the home of his distant relatives. Mr. Niyazov graduated from the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute in 1966 with a degree in power engineering and began work at the Bezmeinskaya Power Station near Ashgabat. In 1962 Mr. Niyazov became a member of the Communist Party. In 1985 he was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Turkmenistan and was subsequently elected First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan, the highest state and party post. On January 13, 1990, Mr. Niyazov became Chairman of the Supreme Soviet, the supreme legislative body in the republic. On October 27, 1990, Mr. Niyazov was elected the first president of the

156. Test Page For Apache Installation Some excellent resources. http://www.untuk.org/

If you can see this, it means that the installation of the Apache web server software on this system was successful. You may now add content to this directory and replace this page. Seeing this instead of the website you expected? This page is here because the site administrator has changed the configuration of this web server. Please contact the person responsible for maintaining this server with questions. The Apache Software Foundation, which wrote the web server software this site administrator is using, has nothing to do with maintaining this site and cannot help resolve configuration issues. The Apache documentation has been included with this distribution. You are free to use the image below on an Apache-powered web server. Thanks for using Apache!

157. Doug's Adventure In Central Asia! Many pictures with descriptions. http://www.nwlink.com/~douglasm/turkmenistan/index.html

Part One Istanbul, Turkey Part Two Mary and Ancient Merv, Turkmenistan Part Three Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Part Four Around Ashgabat, Turkmenistan A map with highlights of our trip: Some links about Turkmenistan... Visit Lonely Planet Online , they have the best guides for off-the beaten track travelers! Check out my mom's Web Page all about the Robinson's adventures in Turkmenistan Map of Turkmenistan A map of the country Welcome to Turkmenistan Information Center Very complete site with links for these topics: National Data, Photos from Turkmenistan, State Department on Turkemenistan, Other US Govt Sources on Turkmenistan, Weather, News Sites, Religion, and Other Resources Guide to Turkmenistan Site created by residents of Turkmenistan. Their links include Where is Turkmenistan?, How Does it Look (a picture gallery), The "must know" Information about Turkmenistan including a guide to Ashkabat that includes restaurants, hotels and nightlife, Business information, Tourism and Other Information American Embassy Ashgabat This site is produced and maintained by the Regional Program Office/Newly Independent States of the United States Information Agency (Vienna, Austria). Their General Topics include: Mission Departments (including the

158. Business & Economy from the Turkmen Embassy in the United States http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/turkmen/business/uscomp.html

U.S. Companies Doing Business With Turkmenistan Please note that this list is not all inclusive. Those companies listed here are those which have contaced the Embassy or the U.S. Department of Commerce. There are some companies not included here which may be represented by other distributors. Also, please note, the country code for Turkmenistan has changed Old codes were: 7-3632 for Ashgabat 7-37022 for Mary 7-37822 for Charjou New codes are: 993-12 for Ashgabat 993-522 for Mary 993-422 for Charjou ALMA INDUSTRIAL INC. Construction of a glass plant and a pharmaceutical plant and sale of turnkey dairy and meat processing plants. Mr. Vladimir Karlinkiy, President 1265 Firwood Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15243

159. EDT-Lonely Planet Turkmenistan Microguida geografica e naturalistica della nazione, luoghi da visitare, consigli ai viaggiatori. http://www.edt.it/lonelyplanet/microguide/text/248/

Indice delle Microguide Guide EDT/Lonely Planet Catalogo e acquisti on-line Introduzione Informazioni generali Documenti e notizie utili Quando andare Valuta e prezzi ... Guide EDT/Lonely Planet stampa destinazione Turkmenistan clicca per vedere altre immagini EDT

160. Turkmenistan Travel advisories for visitors to turkmenistan. http://travel.state.gov/travel/turkmenistan.html

U.S. Department of State Enter Keywords in field and click Go International Travel Home Passports Home Visas Home News and Updates ... About The Bureau of Consular Affairs External URLs International Travel Home Traveling to the Caribbean, Bermuda, Panama, Mexico, or Canada? International Travel Information Travel Warnings ... International Travel Information print email U.S. Department of State Bureau of Consular Affairs Washington, DC 20520 Consular Information Sheet Please click on this link to read important information you should see before you travel abroad This information is current as of today, Turkmenistan Americans planning travel to Turkmenistan should read International Adoption Turkmenistan available on the Department of State web site at http://travel.state.gov September 26, 2005 COUNTRY DESCRIPTION: Turkmenistan is a Central Asian nation roughly the size of California. It shares borders with Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Iran. Turkmenistan gained its independence in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Primarily a desert country, it has a small population of around six million people. Tourist facilities, especially outside of the capital city of Ashgabat, are not highly developed. Many of the goods and services taken for granted in North American and Western European countries are not yet available. Travel within the country can be difficult due to limited infrastructure and government imposed internal travel restrictions. Read the Department of State

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