61. History Of Turkmenistan - MavicaNET history of turkmenistan and Turkmen bulit states Hun empire, A Brief Outline to the Archaeological Prehistory of turkmenistan - English http://www.mavicanet.com/directory/eng/24002.html

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62. History Of Turkmenistan Comprehensive online resources about the history of the country of turkmenistan. http://history1900s.about.com/library/world/blxturkmenistan.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help 20th Century History Homework Help ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the 20th Century History newsletter! See Online Courses Search 20th Century History History of Turkmenistan Britannica.com: Turkmenistan History A thorough encyclopedic history from Britannica.com. Use the outline below the article to navigate through the complete text of this extensive encyclopedia entry. Country Study: Turkmenistan This comprehensive book-length information from the Library of Congress includes a fantastic section of history of the country. Flags of the World: Turkmenistan Information, images, and available history of the current and past flags of the country. Geography and Maps of Turkmenistan A plethora of geographical information and online maps from the About Geography site. Infoplease.com: Turkmenistan A fantastic short historical overview, contemporary data, and a map from Infoplease.com Lonely Planet: Turkmenistan History An in-depth history of the country from Lonely Planet, the travel guidebook company.

63. The Economic History Of Turkmenistan The economic history of turkmenistan. The history in general of turkmenistan An alternative approach to saving turkmenistan s biodiversity By Galina http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/53/index-cc.html

The economic history of Turkmenistan Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives The history in general of Turkmenistan By Galina Kamakhina, Catena Ecological Club, 6 September 1997. Proposes a technological change (soy beans), rather than a change in social relations, as a solution for environmental destruction resulting from commercialization of agricultural production. Turkmenistan Energy Reserve Controversy

64. The History Of Turkmenistan Collection of articles about the history of turkmenistan. Among subjects of articles are retrospective, contemporary political, economic and media history http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/53/index-c.html

The history of Turkmenistan Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives The history in general of Central Asia World History Archives home page and index The retrospective history of Turkmenistan ... Resources for the study of Turkmenistan

65. Troovel.com history The territory of what is now turkmenistan provided the bedrock for many of the most powerful empires of their age. The Parthians, the Seljuks and http://troovel.com/country/turkmenistan/1450/HistoryGovernment/en

[english] [françâis] [español] [deutsch] ... Home / Turkmenistan / History and Government Turkmenistan Information Hotel Reservations Car rental Contact Addresses General Information ... Camping Turkmenistan - History and Government History : The territory of what is now Turkmenistan provided the bedrock for many of the most powerful empires of their age. The Parthians, the Seljuks and the Khans of Khoresm all based their empires at various points on the edge of the Kara-Kum Desert, while Alexander the Great conquered the region during his epic campaign of the fourth century BC. The influence of Islam dates from the seventh century AD, when the region was under Arab control. Modern-day Turkmen are descended from tribes that migrated to the area in the 10th century from the northeast. Around 300 years later, Genghis Khan arrived from the same direction and incorporated Turkmenistan into his expanding empire. From the 15th century, the area was under Persian domination until the Russian move into Central Asia at the end of the 19th century. Turkmenistan fell into the British sphere of influence but the Bolsheviks took control of the region in 1920 and incorporated Turkmenistan as a union republic in 1925. Turkmenistan's ability to embrace the reforms made possible by glasnost and independence were hampered by its backward economy and, as a result, it retains many more of the trappings of the old system than other post-Soviet republics. There have, however, been significant changes ? such as the introduction of a new currency ? and the framework for further economic change has been put in place. By contrast, politics has changed little since the Soviet era. The current president is Saparmyrat Niyazov, who has acquired the honorific title of

66. Access International Domains World history at KMLA page on turkmenistan. The site has brief overviews, A history of turkmenistan and its people produced by the Embassy of http://webdb.iu.edu/internationalprograms/scripts/accessinfo.cfm?categoryid=22&C

67. Turkmenistan Arts And Humanities History turkmenistan Arts and Humanities history, turkmenistan Arts and Humanities history homepage, turkmenistan Arts and Humanities history web, http://search.asiaco.com/Turkmenistan/Arts_and_Humanities/History/

68. Turkmenistan - Facts About Turkmenistan Including Map And Flag Images Maps,Flags,history,Geography,Economics WorldAtlas. http//www.world-atlas.net turkmenistan - history,Geography and Economic information http://www.world-atlas.net/Turkmenistan

Maps,Flags,History,Geography,Economics World-Atlas [http://www.world-atlas.net] Country List: A B C D ... Turkmenistan Turkmenistan - History,Geography and Economic information Turkmenistan Introduction Turkmenistan Background: Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1925. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects can be worked out. Geography Turkmenistan Location: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan Geographic coordinates: 40 00 N, 60 00 E Map references: Asia Area: total: 488,100 sq km water: sq km land: 488,100 sq km Area - comparative: slightly larger than California Land boundaries: total: 3,736 km

69. United States Mission In Turkmenistan, Monthly Newsletter He used vivid examples, including some from turkmenistan s history, to show that a small bright idea can be developed into a big successful business project http://www.usemb-ashgabat.usia.co.at/archive/newsletter166.html

70. History Of Turkmenistan Provides a history of turkmenistan from ancient times to the present. http://www.historyofnations.net/asia/turkmenistan.html

History of Turkmenistan Site Links Home Search this Site History Posters Africa ... Privacy Policy The territory of Turkmenistan has been populated since ancient times, as armies from one empire to another decamped on their way to more prosperous territories. Tribes of horsebreeding Turkmen drifted into the territory of Turkmenistan from ancient times, possibly from the Altay Mountains, and grazed along the outskirts of the Karakum Desert into Persia, Syria, and Anatolia. Alexander the Great conquered the territory in the 4th century B.C. on his way to India. One hundred fifty years later the Parthian Kingdom took control of Turkmenistan, establishing its capital in Nisa, an area now located in the suburbs of the modern-day capital of Ashgabat. In the 7th century A.D. Arabs conquered this region, bringing with them the Islamic religion and incorporating the Turkmen into Middle Eastern culture. It was around this time that the famous "Silk Road" was established as a major trading route between Asia and Europe. In the middle of the 11th century, the powerful Turks of the Seldjuk Empire concentrated their strength in the territory of Turkmenistan in an attempt to expand into Afghanistan. The empire broke down in the second half of the 12th century, and the Turkmen lost their independence when Genghis Khan took control of the eastern Caspian Sea region on his march west. For the next 7 centuries, the Turkmen people lived under various empires and fought constant intertribal wars amongst themselves.

71. Encyclopedia: History Of Turkmenistan Other descriptions of history of turkmenistan. The territory of turkmenistan has been populated since ancient times, as armies from one empire to another http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/History-of-Turkmenistan

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "History of Turkmenistan" also viewed: Turkmenistan Welayatlar of Turkmenistan Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR Turkmen people ... Ashgabat What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Zulu language Zen ZMS Yellow crookneck squash ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: History of Turkmenistan Updated 228 days 17 hours 7 minutes ago. Other descriptions of History of Turkmenistan The territory of Turkmenistan has been populated since ancient times, as armies from one empire to another decamped on their way to more prosperous territories. Tribes of horse-breeding Turkmen drifted into the territory of Turkmenistan from ancient times, possibly from the Altay Mountains , and grazed along the outskirts of the Karakum desert into Persia Syria , and Anatolia . They developed the Akhal-Teke horse breed. Alexander the Great conquered the territory in the 4th century BC . on his way to India . One hundred fifty years later the Parthian Kingdom took control of Turkmenistan, establishing its capital in

72. Turkmenistan: Map, History And Much More From Answers.com (Click to enlarge) turkmenistan (Mapping Specialists, Ltd.) Turk·men·i·stan ( tûrk meni-stan , -stän ) (Formerly also Turkmen Soviet Socialist. http://www.answers.com/topic/turkmenistan

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Government ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Map Local Time Geography Dialing Code Stats WordNet Wikipedia Translations Best of Web Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Turkmenistan Dictionary (Click to enlarge) Turkmenistan (Mapping Specialists, Ltd.) Turk·men·i·stan t»rk mĕn-Ä­-stăn , -st¤n (Formerly also Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic A country of west-central Asia east of the Caspian Sea. Once part of ancient Persia and later ruled by Arabs (8th century), Turks (11th century), Mongols (13th–14th century), and Uzbeks (late 15th century), it was annexed by Russia in 1881 and became a constituent republic of the USSR in 1925. Turkmenistan declared its independence in 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Ashgabat is the capital and the largest city. Population: 4,860,000 . var tcdacmd="cc=edu;dt"; Encyclopedia Turkmenistan tà «rkmyĕ nyÄ­st¤n ) , republic (1995 est. pop. 4,075,000), 188,455 sq mi (488,100 sq km), central Asia. It borders on Afghanistan and Iran in the south, Uzbekistan in the east and northeast, Kazakhstan in the northwest, and the Caspian Sea in the west. Ashgabat (Ashkhabad) is its capital and largest city.

73. The Virtual Jewish History Tour- Turkmenistan Cyber encyclopedia of Jewish history and culture that covers everything from antiSemitism to Zionism. It includes a glossary, bibliography of web sites and http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Turkmenistan.html

The Virtual Jewish History Tour Turkmenistan by Joanna Sloame Jewish Community Persecution Relations with Israel Turkmenistan, one of the poorest republics of the former Soviet Union , is bordered by Uzbekistan Afghanistan Iran , and the Caspian Sea. There is little available information about the short history of the Jews in Turkmenistan. Persian Jews began to immigrate from Iran to Turkmenistan in the late 1830s. Fleeing persecution, they settled in the Turkmenistan cities of Mary, Yoletan, and Baram-Ali. Little is known about the development of this community under the Soviets due to its isolation from major cities, transportation and communication systems. At its peak in the 1980s, the Jewish population in Turkmenistan was 2,500. Jewish Community Iranian Jews only make up about 20 percent of the Turkmenistan Jewish population, comprised of mostly Ashkenazim who immigrated to the region during the Soviet era. A number of Ashkenazim came from the Ukraine during World War II Today, approximately 700 Jews live in the country, primarily in the capital, Ashkhabad. There are also communities in Turkmenbashi, Mary, and Dashoguz. A tiny group of Bukharan Jews lives in Turkmenabat, a village on the border with Uzbekistan.

74. FSU New Issues - Turkmenistan - History And Culture Of Turkmenistan. history and Culture of turkmenistan. Date of issue 27th August 1992. Designer G. Komlev, Ye. Goldin, I. Skorupsky Paper coated Printing process offset http://home.nestor.minsk.by/fsunews/turkmen/1992/tm4-9.html

History and Culture of Turkmenistan. Date of issue: 27th August 1992. Designer: G. Komlev, Ye. Goldin, I. Skorupsky Paper: coated Printing process: offset Perforation: comb 12 1/2 Size: No 4, 6, 8 - 31,50 x 41,50 mm; No 5, 7, 9 - 41,50 x 31,50 mm. Sheet composition: No 4, 6, 8 - 35 (7 x 5) stamps; No 5, 7, 9 - 35 (5 x 7) stamps Printing run: 175.000 Michel catalogue numbers: 4-9. 10.0 (R). multicoloured. National women's gold and jewelled decoration, XIX c.. 10.0 (R). multicoloured. Girl in traditional dress and Kopet-daga mountain 10.0 (R). multicoloured. Akhaltekin horseman. 10.0 (R). multicoloured. Buiding of Mollanepes drama theatre, Ashgabat. 15.0 (R). multicoloured. State arms. 25.0 (R). multicoloured. Portrait of president Saparmurat Niyazov on the background of national flag. Souvenir Sheet Block1. For buying FSU stamps, Postal stationery and Postal History, please, see Classified Ads This page is a part of the FSU New Issues Catalogue , maintained by the Worldwide Society of Russian Philately

75. Who Is Saparmurat Niyazov? His book, Rukhnama, is required reading for everyone in turkmenistan. It is an autobiographical work that also explains turkmenistan’s history and provides http://www.wisegeek.com/who-is-saparmurat-niyazov.htm

Who is Saparmurat Niyazov? Saparmurat Niyazov is the current president of Turkmenistan. He has held this post since 1990, and it was under his leadership that Turkmenistan declared its freedom from the former Soviet Union. Niyazov was born in 1940. He was orphaned at a young age after his father died fighting in World War II and the rest of his family was killed during a 1948 earthquake. Raised in a Soviet orphanage and later living with distant relatives, he gained a strong appreciation for family. He rose through the ranks of the Communist party before declaring himself Turkmenbashi or leader of all Turkmen Niyazov is certainly an interesting figure. There is no escaping his influence in Turkmenistan. He has named cities, schools, airports, days of the week, months of the year, and even a meteorite after himself! He has also renamed members of his family and figures in Turkmenistan history that he considers important. The year 2003 was dedicated to his mother. The capital, which is the city of his birth, boasts a 12-meter high gold statue that follows the path of the sun. After he quit smoking , he outlawed smoking in public places. He also declared beards and long hair on men illegal. Niyazov has ordered that an ice palace be built to celebrate his rule despite the fact that Turkmenistan is a desert country.

76. Travel & Tours In Turkmenistan - A Briefly Stated History Of Turkmenistan of tourist destinations, sites, information on package tours, visa regulations, hotel addresses, intercity distances and weather for Uzbekistan...... http://www.sitara.com/turkmenistan/history.html

CHOOSE A DESTINATION - Country - Afghanistan China Iran Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Pakistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan HOME TOURS Turkmenistan General Info ... Contact BRIEFLY STATED HISTORY OF TURKMENISTAN Chronology of significant events The territory of Turkmenistan has been populated since ancient times, as armies from one empire to another decamped on their way to more prosperous territories. Tribes of horse-breeding Turkmen drifted into the territory of Turkmenistan from ancient times, possibly from the Altay Mountains, and grazed along the outskirts of the Karakum Desert into Persia, Syria, and Anatolia. As early societies learned to make pottery and metal tools, they began to trade with other peoples of Central Asia. This profitable trade however, also attracted foreign invaders. By the 6 th century BC, the powerful Persian Empire had established its provinces in what is now Turkmenistan. From their base south of the Kopet-Dag Range, the Persians controlled trade through Central Asia and subdued the many nomadic peoples who lived on Turkmenistan's arid plains.

77. A Short History Of Turkmenistan A Short history of turkmenistan. The territory of turkmenistan has been populated since ancient Search Google for another short history of turkmenistan http://www.abacci.com/atlas/history.asp?countryID=346

78. World History Blog history of turkmenistan. This is a decent short essay on the history of the Asian nation of turkmenistan. Wikipedia notes that, turkmenistan, http://world-history-blog.blogspot.com/

@import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=7306557"); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/main.css); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/1.css); Notify Blogger about objectionable content. What does this mean? BlogThis! World History Blog Blog that features different aspects of world history. I can't cover it all but sites dealing with any historical issue or topic are possible future posts. Also includes sites which discuss teaching history. Some descriptions for sites are taken from the Open Directory Project. Monday, September 26, 2005 Demos: Classical Athenian Democracy Demos: Classical Athenian Democracy - A digital encyclopedia of classical Athenian democracy offering biographies, images, history, and arguments. Some of the content is in PDF format. A few sample articles include Scythian Archers: policing Athens Legislation under the Athenian Democracy , and A Brief Early History of Athenian Democracy From the site: Our goal is to build a digital encyclopedia of classical Athenian democracy that will be useful to a wide audience. We hope to describe the history, institutions, and people of democratic Athens in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE, to publish the efforts of scholars to answer questions about Athenian democracy, and to invite you, our audience, to explore, discover, and judge for yourselves.

79. A Short History Of Turkmenistan Presentday turkmenistan is ruled by Persia, Macedon and Parthia. Parthia establishes its capital in Nisa in turkmenistan. Parthian rule is followed by http://www.electionworld.org/history/turkmenistan.htm

Present-day Turkmenistan is ruled by Persia Macedon and Parthia . Parthia establishes its capital in Nisa in Turkmenistan. Parthian rule is followed by Kagan rule in the sixth century. In the seventh century the area is conquered by the Caliphate . In the tenth century it becomes part of the state of the Samanadis In 1090 the Saljuq Sultanate conquers the region and in 1227 the region is conquered by the Mongols . Since 1400 the country is rules by Uzbeks . Parts of the area are part of Bukhara and Khiva . Since 1869 the area is controlled by Russia and later the USSR. Turkmenistan becomes a separate member of the USSR in 1924. Following the end of the Cold War and the breakup of the USSR, the Republic of Turkmenistan declares its independence in 1991. Saparmurat Nijazov, former leader of the communists, becomes the first president of the new republic and still remains the supreme decisionmaker. In 1999 Niyazov's term is extended indefinitely by the parliament, which itself had taken office only a week earlier in severely flawed elections that included only candidates hand-picked by President Niyazov. The Democratic Party of Turkmenistan (DPT) is the only legal political party. Political gatherings are illegal unless government sanctioned, and the citizens of Turkmenistan do not have the means to change their government democratically.

80. CyberSleuthKids: Turkmenistan turkmenistan is an ancient Land. Its history is closely connected with the neighboring peoples history, maps, culture and geography of turkmenistan.. http://cybersleuth-kids.com/sleuth/Geography/Asia/Turkmenistan/

Home Fun and Games Science Math ... CLIPART A Great Site to find school related clipart. Over 37,000 pictures, illustration, clipart and images to download!! CLIPART INDEX Clipart History Animals, Dinosaurs ... Central Free Lesson Plans in Math, Social Studies, Art, Language Arts, and Science. Rubrics, Worksheets, and Teacher Productivity Tools!! Math Worsheets Math Flash Cards Online Word Search Stay up-to-date! Sign up for our mailing list Subject Themes Dinosaurs Civil War Educational Software US States ... Ancient Civilizations Clipart Mathematics Explorers Inventors ... Lessons US History Search: Home Geography Asia Turkmenistan SEARCH RESULTS 1 - 12 of 30 Read and learn about Turkmenistan...

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