1. History Of Turkmenistan History of Turkmenistan with maps, links and articles. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5246/History.html

2. Turkmenistan, History, Human Rights Extended history of Turkmenistan, internet links, and human rights information. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. History Of Turkmenistan History of Turkmenistan with maps, links and articles. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. History Culture Of Turkmenistan History of Turkmenistan. Tools from the StoneAge have been discovered along the Caspian Sea shore and near the modern port of Turkmenbashi http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. History Culture Princess Anne of Great Britain purchased Turkmen horses. History of Turkmenistan. State flag and emblem. Turkmen carpets. Akhalteke horses http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Turkmenistan Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide History. Though never a goal in itself, the sunscorched, One year later, upon the collapse of the Soviet Union, Turkmenistan became an independent http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/central_asia/turkmenistan/history.htm

@import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_structure.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_theme.css"; worldguide shop thorn tree forum travel services ... travel links Explore Turkmenistan Turkmenistan A lunar landscape with craters of cultural activity. View Map Click here Feature Attraction Kugitang Nature Reserve Kugitang is the most impressive and pristine of Turkmenistan's nature reserves. Set up in 1986... more > WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Image Gallery Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links At a Glance Fast Facts The most curious of the Central Asian republics, Turkmenistan resembles an Arab Gulf state without the money. It's the second largest Central Asian country, but four-fifths of it consist of an inhospitable lunar-like desert called the Karakum which conceals unexploited oil and gas deposits. Travel Services Flights Hostels Hotels ... Travel Insurance lonely planet 2005 about us privacy contact us worldguide ... travel links

7. TURKMENISTAN History Links turkmenistan history Links http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Turkmenistan News.Net About Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Factbook. Turkmenistan Geography. History of Turkmenistan Embassies Embassy Listing News Digest http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Turkmenistan History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resourc turkmenistan history Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, http://workmall.com/wfb2001/turkmenistan/turkmenistan_history_index.html

Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... [TOP] Turkmenistan History http://workmall.com/wfb2001/turkmenistan/turkmenistan_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting Origins and Early History Formation of the Turkmen Nation ... Sovereignty and Independence NOTE: The information regarding Turkmenistan on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Turkmenistan History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Turkmenistan History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated. Your Internet e-mail address: http://workmall.com/wfb2001/turkmenistan/turkmenistan_history_index.html Revised 24-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

10. Turkmenistan Country Studies - Federal Research Division Origins and Early History. Formation of the Turkmen Nation. Incorporation into Russia. Soviet Turkmenistan. Sovereignty and Independence http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. The International Merv Project THE INTERNATIONAL MERV PROJECT TURKMENISTAN The History and Cities of Merv http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

12. MapZones.com : Turkmenistan History Information of Country s History, Civilization, independence, king, rural, war. http://www.mapzones.com/world/asia/turkmenistan/historyindex.php

fiSearchFormMaxSetId='AX006201'; Country Info Turkmenistan Introduction Turkmenistan General Data Turkmenistan Maps Turkmenistan Culture ... Turkmenistan Time and Date Turkmenistan History Back to Top During much of its past, Turkmenistan has received little attention from the outside world. Apart from its role in establishing the Seljuk dynasty in the Middle East in the Middle Ages, for most of its history this territory was not a coherent nation but a geographically defined region of independent tribal groups and other political entities. Like other republics of the former Soviet Union, Turkmenistan has emerged on the world scene as a newly independent nation in need of both national and international acceptance, security, and development. When other constituent republics of the Soviet Union advanced claims to sovereignty in 1988 and 1989, Turkmenistan's leadership also began to criticize Moscow's economic and political policies as exploitative and detrimental to the well-being and pride of the Turkmen. By a unanimous vote of its Supreme Soviet, Turkmenistan declared its sovereignty in August 1990. After the August 1991 coup attempt against the Gorbachev regime in Moscow, Turkmenistan's communist leader Saparmyrat Niyazov called for a popular vote on freedom. The official result of the vote was 94 % in favor of freedom. The republic's Supreme Soviet had little choice other than to declare Turkmenistan's freedom from the Soviet Union and the establishment of the Republic of Turkmenistan on October 27, 1991.

13. Turkmenistan History Lonely Planet World Guide Turkmenistan. History. Though never a goal in itself, the sunscorched, barren land between the Caspian Sea and the Amu-Darya passed in ancient http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. TURKMENISTAN History Links Turkmenistan History The International Merv Project History of Turkmenistan from the Turkmen Embassy in Washington A History of Central Asia to 1600 http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/turkmenistan/links/history.shtml

home about partners events ... site map COUNTRIES DEPARTMENTS Eurasia Insight Civil Society CARTOON DISPATCH From Central Asia -Ted Rall Photo Essays TURKMENISTAN HISTORY LINKS World History Archives: History of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan History from Encyclopedia.com History of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan - History The International Merv Project History of Turkmenistan from the Turkmen Embassy in Washington A History of Central Asia to 1600 A History of Central Asia from 1600 The History of Civilizations of Central Asia RESOURCE LINKS Human Rights Local Press Maps, stats, and info Arts and Culture ... submit a link

15. RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY In Turkmenistan, Soviet history has also undergone significant revision since the country became independence. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. Turkmenistan: History History. Originally a part of the kingdom of ancient Persia (see Merv), of the empire of Timur s successors, the Timurids, Turkmenistan came under Uzbek http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0861662.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Site Map Sponsored Links TripAdvisor Turkmenistan (Asia) Encyclopedia Turkmenistan History Originally a part of the kingdom of ancient Persia (see Merv ), Turkmenistan passed under Arab domination in the 8th cent. In the 11th cent., it was ruled by the Seljuk Turks (see Khwarazm Jenghiz Khan conquered the region in the 13th cent., as did Timur (Tamerlane) in the 14th cent. After the breakup (late 15th cent.) of the empire of Timur's successors, the Timurids , Turkmenistan came under Uzbek control. In the early 19th cent., the Turkmens became subject to the khanate of Khiva . In 1869, Russian military forces founded Krasnovodsk (now Turkmenbashi) and began to conquer the Turkmens, whose fierce resistance to Russian encroachment was broken in 1881 with the conquest of the Dengil-Tepe fortress. The Russians then established the Transcaspian Region, which in 1899 became part of the governate general of Russian Turkistan. Harsh Russian administration provoked revolts by the Turkmens. During the Russian civil war sporadic fighting flared between the Transcaspian provincial government and Bolshevik troops. The Red Army took Ashgabat in July, 1919, and Krasnovodsk in Feb., 1920. The Transcaspian Region was renamed Turkmen Region in 1921; the following year, it became part of the Turkistan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which in 1924 incorporated the Turkmen districts of the former Bukhara and Khorezm republics. Turkmenistan formally became a constituent Soviet republic in 1925. Large numbers of Turkmens still live in Iran and Afghanistan.

17. Turkmenistan turkmenistan history History Originally a part of the kingdom of ancient Persia (see Merv), Turkmenistan passed under Turkmenistan Economy - Economy http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0849744.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Site Map Sponsored Links TripAdvisor Turkmenistan (Asia) Encyclopedia Turkmenistan [t OO Pronunciation Key Turkmenistan , republic (1995 est. pop. 4,075,000), 188,455 sq mi (488,100 sq km), central Asia. It borders on Afghanistan and Iran in the south, Uzbekistan in the east and northeast, Kazakhstan in the northwest, and the Caspian Sea in the west. Ashgabat (Ashkhabad) is its capital and largest city. Sections in this article: Introduction Land, People, and Government Economy History Bibliography The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Page Tools: Cite Print More on Turkmenistan from Fact Monster: Turkmenistan - President-for-Life: Saparmurad A. Niyazov (1990) Area: 188,455 sq mi (488,100 sq km) Population ... Atlas: Turkmenistan - Facts on Turkmenistan: flags, maps, geography, history, statistics, disasters current events, and international relations. New Nations Guide - Fledgling countries that have emerged since the 1990s by David Johnson NEW NATIONS Former Soviet ...

18. Turkmenistan: History Turkmenistan visit renders bleak look; History lost in barren landscape.(WORLD)(BRIEFING WESTERN ASIA) (The Washington Times) http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0861662.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 26, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Rosh Hashanah ... Texas Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips Sponsored Links TripAdvisor Turkmenistan (Asia) google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Turkmenistan History Originally a part of the kingdom of ancient Persia (see Merv ), Turkmenistan passed under Arab domination in the 8th cent. In the 11th cent., it was ruled by the Seljuk Turks (see

19. Turkmenistan History. Turkmenistan was once part of the ancient Persian Empire. turkmenistan history History Originally a part of the kingdom of ancient Persia http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108058.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 26, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Rosh Hashanah ... Texas Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Turkmenistan Infoplease Atlas: Turkmenistan President-for-Life: Saparmurad A. Niyazov (1990) Area: 188,455 sq mi (488,100 sq km) Population (2005 est.): 4,952,081 (growth rate: 1.8%); birth rate: 27.7/1000; infant mortality rate: 73.1/1000; life expectancy: 61.4; density per sq mi: 26 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Ashgabat, 727,700 Other large cities: Chardzhou, 213,500; Tashauz, 160,400 Monetary unit: Manat Languages: Turkmen 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%, other 7% Ethnicity/race: Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003) Religions: Islam 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%

20. Turkmenistan History turkmenistan history Please submit information or links explaining turkmenistan history. http://www.hobotraveler.com/hi2turkmenistanhistory.php

Turkmenistan History Turkmenistan History Please submit links or URL to History of this country for other travelers to understand and appreciate how to travel in this country. Explain events, stories, places to go, or the best Historical destinations. History ! Click Here to Add a New Travel Link or Comment Add a New Travel Link or Comment To Add a Travel Link to this Hobotraveler.Com page fill out the form below and click submit. GOT a Travel Tip or something to say about a topic? Adding a comment is easy! Just, fill out the Name, E-mail, Title, Location, Comments fields and click 'Add Comment'. * indicates required fields needed for posting a comment Name: E-Mail Address: Site Title/Title: Webpage: City: State/Province: Country: Comments: If you would like to receive the credit for referring another travel site as a great resource for budget travelers please fill in these two fields. Referred By: Referred By's Website: By submitting to HoboTraveler.com, you agree to the HoboTraveler.com Terms of Service Please submit URL or add link explain the History of these countries. Acadia History Afghanistan History Albania History Algeria History ... Korea Dem. Peoples Republic History

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