81. WorldLII - Categories - Countries - Turkmenistan - Government Legal directory and search engine legislation, case-law, journals, law reform,by country and subject. http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/50920.html

Contributors: Databases Recent Additions Translate Add a Link ... Turkmenistan Find any of these words all of these words this phrase this document title this Boolean query World Law Help Boolean Operators Search: All WorldLII Catalog All WorldLII Databases Law on Google Embassy of Turkmenistan, Washington DC Provides comprehensive and up-to-date information about business opportunities, history, travel and Embassy services, including information on: Visa Regulations, Doing business in Turkmenistan, Turkmenistan's foreign policy and more WorldLII: Feedback URL: http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/50920.html Generated: Fri Sep 23 03:15:42 2005

82. Turkmenistan : Government And Politics , The homepage of the Embassy of turkmenistan......Keywords, turkmenistan; government; politics; country information. German Keywords,turkmenistan. http://ssgdoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/vlib/ssgfi/infodata/003946.html

Bibliographic Data Title Turkmenistan : Government and Politics Publisher Embassy of Turkmenistan, Washington (DC), US Distributor GHO, Auburn, US Language English Country (Server) United States of America Format of data text/html Keywords Turkmenistan; government; politics; country information German Keywords Turkmenistan Description The homepage of the Embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington provides general information about the history, culture, political system and economical situation of Turkmenistan. In addition, you will find here special information for travellers and tourists, including visa regulations. URL http://www.turkmenbashi.org/ Classification Source Type Official Governmental Server SSGC Turkmenistan: History, Politics BK DDC Date DCq.Date.Available Availability Access free Restrictions none Evaluation Contents Clarity Index Links Level popular; undergraduate; graduate; professional Statistics SSG-FI Home ALMISBAH Source Type Subject This document created using allegro-C V20

83. TRAVEL.com ® RegionalAsiaTurkmenistanGovernment TRAVEL.com local travel guides, low fares for airline tickets, hotels reservations,car rentals, travel deals, cruises and vacation packages, weather. http://www.travel.com/Regional/Asia/Turkmenistan/Government/

84. Global Title turkmenistan government Name government Total 3 globalExtendedhistory of turkmenistan, internet links, and human rights information. http://www.guide-u.com/Turkmenistan/Government/

Title: Turkmenistan : Government Name: Government Total: 3 Home Turkmenistan : Government American Embassy Ashgabat global Includes information on embassy services and resources for visitors. The Embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington, DC. USA global Turkmenistan, History, Human Rights global Extended history of Turkmenistan, internet links, and human rights information.

85. Organisational Structure  Of The Government Of Turkmenistan Organisational structure of the government of turkmenistan. Chairman of theCabinet of Ministers President of turkmenistan Saparmurat Turkmenbashy http://www.tacistm.org/Governm/Govstruct.htm

Organisational structure of the Government of Turkmenistan Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Turkmenbashy Deputy Chairman Mr. Saparov Agriculture Deputy Chairman ... Banking, Finance Tacis National Co-ordinator Deputy Chairman Mr. Khudaikuliyev Construction Deputy Chairman Mr. Berdimuhammedov Education, Science, Medicine ... Law enforcement issues Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. Rashid Meredov Minister 83 Magtymguly Street Tel (+993.12) 35 6 129 Fax (+993.12) 51 14 30 State Agency for Foreign Investment Mr. Elly Gurbanmuradov Director Competent Body for Hydrocarbon Resources Executive Director Supreme Council of Science and Technology under the President of Turkmenistan Mr. Ch.Yazliev Depury Chairman

86. VOA News Report SLUG 2297955 US-turkmenistan ARRESTS (L), DATE, NOTE NUMBER Mr. Reeker saidturkmenistan s government has failed to act on repeated US requests for http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2002/12/mil-021231-3f5f153e.

var zflag_nid="224"; var zflag_cid="8/7/3/1"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="728"; var zflag_height="90"; var zflag_sz="14"; Education Jobs Home Loans Telecom ... Public Eye var zflag_nid="224"; var zflag_cid="97/63/19/3/1"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="120"; var zflag_height="600"; var zflag_sz="8"; Choose: HTML TEXT AOL Military SLUG: 2-297955 US-TURKMENISTAN ARRESTS (L) DATE: NOTE NUMBER: DATE=12-31-02 TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT TITLE=U-S-Turkmenistan Arrests (L-Only) NUMBER=2-297955 BYLINE=David Gollust DATELINE=State Department CONTENT= VOICED AT: INTRO: The United States is expressing concern over human rights conditions in Turkmenistan following the November 25th assassination attempt against President Saparmurat Niyazov. Diplomats and human rights activists accuse Mr. Niyazov's government of using the November incident as a pretext for a harsh crackdown on his political opponents. VOA's David Gollust reports from the State Department. TEXT: The State Department says the United States is "deeply concerned" by the conduct of authorities in the wake of the assassination attempt in Turkmenistan, where prominent opponents of President Niyazov are facing prosecution amid charges of torture and other mistreatment of the detainees. Mr. Niyazov, who has ruled the Central Asian country since the collapse of the Soviet Union, escaped injury in the November 25th attack, in which his motorcade was raked by gunfire as it moved through the capital, Ashgabat.

87. Turkmenistan - Government, Capital, Administrative, Divisions, Independence, Con local short form turkmenistan. government type, republic; authoritarian presidentialrule, with little power outside the executive branch http://www.world200.com/asia/turkmenistan-government.php

Turkmenistan HOME IP TO COUNTRY LOOKUP TOP LEVEL DOMAINS GREETING CARDS ... CONTACT US SELECT COUNTRY Africa Asia Afghanistan Bangladesh ... Economy Government Communications Transport Military Map Country name conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic local short form: Turkmenistan Government type republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch Capital Ashgabat Administrative divisions 5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses) Independence 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National holiday Independence Day, 27 October (1991) Constitution adopted 18 May 1992 Legal system based on civil law system Suffrage 18 years of age; universal Executive branch chief of state: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

88. Turkmenistan - Religion turkmenistan s government stresses its secular nature and its support of freedomof religious belief, as embodied in the 1991 Law on Freedom of Conscience http://countrystudies.us/turkmenistan/14.htm

Religion Turkmenistan Table of Contents Traditionally, the Turkmen of Turkmenistan, like their kin in Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Iran, are Sunni Muslims (see Glossary). Shia Muslims (see Glossary), the other main branch of Islam, are not numerous in Turkmenistan, and the Shia religious practices of the Azerbaijani and Kurdish (see Glossary) minorities are not politicized. Although the great majority of Turkmen readily identify themselves as Muslims and acknowledge Islam as an integral part of their cultural heritage, many are non-believers and support a revival of the religion's status only as an element of national revival. They do not attend mosque services or demonstrate their adherence publicly, except through participation in officially sanctioned national traditions associated with Islam on a popular level, including life-cycle events such as weddings, burials, and pilgrimages. History and Structure Islam came to the Turkmen primarily through the activities of Sufi (see Glossary) shaykhs rather than through the mosque and the "high" written tradition of sedentary culture. These shaykhs were holy men critical in the process of reconciling Islamic beliefs with pre-Islamic belief systems; they often were adopted as "patron saints" of particular clans or tribal groups, thereby becoming their "founders." Reformulation of communal identity around such figures accounts for one of the highly localized developments of Islamic practice in Turkmenistan.

89. Institute For War And Peace Reporting 2004 – a figure trumpeted as a triumph of the government’s prevention work . turkmenistan’s prison system is another prime source of HIV infection, http://www.iwpr.net/index.pl?archive/rca2/rca2_339_4_eng.txt

90. Turkmenistan 2001 - Introduction Geography People Government Economy Communicati turkmenistan 2001 Introduction Geography Population government EconomyCommunications Transportation Military Issues Maps Flags. http://workmall.com/wfb2001/turkmenistan/

Country Ranks Maps Flags DEFINITIONS ... [TOP] Turkmenistan 2001 http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/turkmenistan/index.html SOURCE: 2001 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated. Your Internet e-mail address: http://www.photius.com/wfb2001/turkmenistan/index.html Photius Coutsoukis Revised 11-Nov-01

91. Government < Turkmenistan < Central Asia < Asia < : News Feed government turkmenistan Central Asia Asia news feed. http://schema-root.org/region/asia/central_asia/turkmenistan/government/

region asia central asia turkmenistan ... [search for images] schema-root.org web root branch index annotated index (partial) subscribe to email list ... contact us frontpage news: ABC Amnesty Annotated Times Asian Tribune ... eTaiwan News schema root region asia central asia ... officials sibling branches: cities government human rights provinces "Tiny url" for this page: http://tinyurl.com/3jejs translate this page into: Spanish German French Italian Portuguese Japanese Korean Chinese searches search the web for: Turkmenistan government OR: search for page topic within these websites: top ranked (all) .aero .az .biz .ca ... z magzine Mon. September 26, 2005 newsfeed: Freedom of Assembly, Association Needed in Eurasia, US Says Washington File (press release) September 26, 2005 ... As expected in totalitarian states, such as Uzbekistan , Turkmenistan and Belarus ... Finley urged the Russian government “to support a vibrant civil society and ... Turkmenistan inks contract for oil, gas pipes New Europe September 26, 2005 Turkmenistan has signed a contract to receive 12,240 tonnes of steel casing ... and the construction of exploration and production wells, the government’s press ... Discretionary Powers of Ministries in Turkmenistan Curtailed NewsCentralAsia September 26, 2005

92. Turkmenistan Chaihana - Introduction When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, turkmenistan s government, being almostentirely a Russian creation, actually resisted independence. http://www.chaihana.com/turktext.html

A Very Brief Introduction to Turkmenistan by Greg Lastowka Turkmenistan is a desert country located in Central Asia to the north of Iran and to the east of the Caspian Sea. It is a newly independent state as of 1991, and was formerly a republic of the Soviet Union. The Turkmen people speak the Turkmen language, which is a Turkic language (similar to Turkish, Kazakh, and Uzbek). Turkmenistan was a birthplace of early civilization. In Bairamali, the walls of Ancient Merv, over 2000 years old, are incorporated into the walls of contemporary houses. Though the territory of Turkmenistan was at times a part of various dynasties and empires, "Turkmenistan" was never really a country prior to the twentieth century, but was instead a region inhabited by distinct tribes that shared a common culture. The history of Turkmenistan and the Parthian and Selucid empires, can be found on various Internet websites. ( go to links page The contemporary borders of Turkmenistan were drawn by Josef Stalin. Soviet membership changed Turkmenistan's culture and people in many ways. Though initial resistance to Russian occupation had been fierce, over time the majority of Turkmen, especially those in the urban centers, came to regard themselves as Soviets citizens. Many Turkmen people learned to speak Russian, and Russian language ability was a practical requirement for participation in government. Russian schools were built to promote the goals of Soviet society, and achieved some remarkable results. The Soviets helped develop agriculture and industry in the area, though some of their methods, most notably the draining of the Aral Sea, have led to serious ecological problems.

93. Government & Politics turkmenistan is bordered by the Caspian Sea to the west, Kazakhstan to the north, National government Cabinet of Ministers, chaired by the President. http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/turkmen/gov/gov.html

Turkmenistan Fact Sheet President: President Saparmurat Niyazov Minister for Foreign Affairs: H.E. Rashid O. Meredov Capital: Ashgabat (population of 544,700). Population: Ethnic Composition: Turkmen 85%, Russians 7%, Uzbeks 5%, other 3% Area: 488,100 sq km Turkmenistan is the fourth largest republic in the former Soviet Union and the second largest in Central Asia. Location: Central Asia . Turkmenistan is bordered by the Caspian Sea to the west, Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the east, and Iran and Afghanistan to the south. Territories: Five administrative territorial provinces, or velayaty: Akhal, Balkan, Dashkhovuz, Lebap, and Mary Terrain: Flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south. The Kara Kum desert comprises 80 percent of Turkmenistan 's total area and is bound by a series of oases watered by the Amu Darya River in the north and by the Murgab , Tejen, and Artek rivers descending from mountains in the south. The Kara Kum Canal supplies water from the Amu Darya , west towards the Mary Oasis and onwards to Ashgabat.

94. The Jamestown Foundation turkmenistan BANKER CLAIMS government HAS OWN DRUG RING Even as drugconsumption grew in turkmenistan, government officials attending various http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=401&issue_id=3012&ar

95. International Business Publications: Turkmenistan Foreign Policy And Government turkmenistan Foreign Policy and government Guide turkmenistan ExportImportand Business Directory turkmenistan Industrial and Business Directory http://www.forbesbookclub.com/bookpage.asp?prod_cd=IQXVL

96. IRIN Asia Central Asia TURKMENISTAN TURKMENISTAN Interview The US government encourages turkmenistan to allow greater freedom of turkmenistan s government is also increasing its engagement in this area with the http://www.plusnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=44100&SelectRegion=Central_Asia&Sele

97. United States Mission In Turkmenistan, Monthly Newsletter The American Mission has also worked with the government of turkmenistan to Since September 11, the US government and the government of turkmenistan http://www.usemb-ashgabat.usia.co.at/archive/newsletter9.html

98. Turkmenistan Country Guide - History And Government - World Travel Guide Provide World Travel Guide turkmenistan - Overview, Visa and Passport requirements,vacation advice, holiday guide, international travel, travel agent, http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/tkm/tkm580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Asia/Turkmenistan/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Turkmenistan hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Turkmenistan Turkmenistan History and Government History: The territory of what is now Turkmenistan provided the bedrock for many of the most powerful empires of their age. The Parthians, the Seljuks and the Khans of Khoresm all based their empires at various points on the edge of the Kara-Kum Desert, while Alexander the Great conquered the region during his epic campaign of the fourth century BC. The influence of Islam dates from the seventh century AD, when the region was under Arab control. Modern-day Turkmen are descended from tribes that migrated to the area in the 10th century from the northeast. Around 300 years later, Genghis Khan arrived from the same direction and incorporated Turkmenistan into his expanding empire. From the 15th century, the area was under Persian domination until the Russian move into Central Asia at the end of the 19th century. Turkmenistan fell into the British sphere of influence but the Bolsheviks took control of the region in 1920 and incorporated Turkmenistan as a union republic in 1925. Turkmenistan’s ability to embrace the reforms made possible by glasnost and independence were hampered by its backward economy and, as a result, it retains many more of the trappings of the old system than other post-Soviet republics. There have, however, been significant changes – such as the introduction of a new currency – and the framework for further economic change has been put in place. By contrast, politics has changed little since the Soviet era. The current president is Saparmyrat Niyazov, who has acquired the honorific title of

99. Government Of Turkmenistan, Turkmenistan The government of turkmenistan has conducted summary trials of the alleged We would like to commend the government of turkmenistan for publishing a law http://creekin.net/k18402-n188-government-of-turkmenistan-turkmenistan.html

Creekin.net World Travel Information Source Countries About Us Contact Government Of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Principal Locations Ashgabad Kaka Mary Nebitdag ... Turkmenbashi Resources Turkmenistan Tourism Media News Turkmenistan Tourism Travel Turkmenistan Government Of Turkmenistan Neighbor Of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Economy Central Bank Of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Recipe ... Turkmenistan Carpet Government Of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan The Government's poor human rights record worsened, and it continued to commit numerous serious abuses. Authorities severely restricted political and civil liberties; citizens did not have the ability to change their government. The human rights situation deteriorated markedly after an armed attack against President Niyazov on November 25, 2002, which the Government characterized as an attempt to assassinate the President and in effect a coup d'etat. The Government moved quickly against perceived sources of opposition at home and abroad, requesting that several foreign governments extradite alleged conspirators in the plot. There were widespread, credible reports of human rights abuses committed by officials in the course of investigating the attack, including credible reports of torture. Security forces continued to beat and otherwise mistreat suspects and prisoners. Authorities detained hundreds of relatives of those implicated in the plot, some of whom were tortured, ph ... [ Read More Turkmenistan (01/05) Read More Turkmenistan The Constitution provides for freedom of religion and does not establish a state religion; however, in practice the Government continues to monitor all forms of religious expression. Amendments to the law on religious organizations adopted in March establish two categories of religious assemblies: religious groups (to comprise at least 5 and not more than 50 members of legal age) and religious organizations (to comprise at least 50 members). All groups must register in order to gain legal status with the Government. Until recently the only religions that were registered successfully were Sunni Islam and Russian Orthodox Christianity, which are controlled by the Government; by the end of the period covered by this report, four minority religious groups had registered. The March amendments to the law on religious organizations and subsequent Presidential decrees have enabled the Ministry of Justice to facilitate registration of some ... [

100. Directory Government Office Turkmenistan, Turkmenistan US criticism of the government of turkmenistan?s crackdown against perceived However, in recent months the government of turkmenistan is increasingly http://creekin.net/k18408-n188-directory-government-office-turkmenistan-turkmeni

Creekin.net World Travel Information Source Countries About Us Contact Directory Government Office Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Principal Locations Ashgabad Kaka Mary Nebitdag ... Turkmenbashi Resources Turkmenistan Tourism Media News Turkmenistan Tourism Travel Turkmenistan Government Of Turkmenistan ... Turkmenistan Food Directory Government Office Turkmenistan Visa Turkmenistan Capital Of Turkmenistan Calling Card Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Woman ... Turkmenistan Carpet Directory Government Office Turkmenistan Turkmenistan (01/05) U.S. criticism of the Government of Turkmenistan’s crackdown against perceived sources of political opposition after the November 2002 motorcade attack led to a marked downturn in bilateral relations between the Governments of the United States and Turkmenistan. However, in recent months the Government of Turkmenistan is increasingly engaging with the United States in several areas, including religious freedom and security issues. Diplomatic missions from various countries and international organizations have joined together to persuade the Government of Turkmenistan to improve its human rights practices, but their efforts have been poorly received. ... [ Read More Outreach to local communities and relevant professional, non-governmental and government entities. How to Apply ...

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