41. Travel-Directory.org: Destinations/Asia/Turkmenistan/Government Travel Resources Destinations Asia turkmenistan government. http://www.travel-directory.org/Destinations/Asia/Turkmenistan/Government/

TRAVEL-HOME ADD A LINK MODIFY A LINK NEW LINKS ... LOGIN Looking for something in particular? the entire directory only this category More search options Home Destinations Asia ... Turkmenistan : Government CATEGORIES: Embassies and Consulates LINKS: Political Resources on the Net - Turkmenistan Index of Turkmenistan political sites. http://www.politicalresources.net/turkmenistan.htm Rate It Review It Details Turkmenistan, History, Human Rights Extended history of Turkmenistan, internet links, and human rights information. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5246/ Rate It Review It Details TRAVEL-HOME ... LOGIN Some content provided by dmoz.org: Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor var et_easy = 1; var et_ssl = 0; var et_pagename = ""; var et_areas = ""; var et_ilevel = 0;

42. Diplomacy Monitor: Documents Issued By Turkmenistan turkmenistan government TURKMENISTAN CHINA DIALOGUE IN THE NAME OF FRIENDSHIP AND turkmenistan government TRACEY ANN JACKOBSON TO DEVELOP MUTUALLY http://www.diplomacymonitor.com/stu/dm.nsf/nationsourced?openform&cat=Turkmenist

43. Kyrgyz Committee For Human Rights 2. Calls on the government of Turkmenistan to implement all the 6. Calls onthe turkmenistan government to immediately and unconditionally release all http://www.kchr.org/archive/2003/10/20031027.html

October 27, 2003 Turkmenistan and Central Asia P5_TA-PROV(2003)0467 European Parliament resolution on Turkmenistan, including Central Asia The European Parliament, - having regard to its previous resolutions on Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, - having regard to its resolution of 4 September 2003 on human rights in the world in 2002 and the European Union's human rights policy(1), - having regard to the partnership and cooperation agreement between the EU and Turkmenistan, signed in May 1998, which is not yet in force, and the partnership and cooperation agreements with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, which include a human rights clause, - having regard to the EC Strategy Paper for Central Asia 2002-2006, - having regard to the EU statements on Turkmenistan of 19 December 2002, 20 March 2003 and 3 April 2003 in the framework of the OSCE Permanent Council, - having regard to the EU Presidency declarations on Turkmenistan of 10 December 2002 and 20 January 2003, - having regard to the resolution of the UN Commission on Human Rights of 16 April 2003 on the situation of human rights in Turkmenistan

44. TURKMENISTAN This type of action by the turkmenistan government may amount to a violation ofthe due process of law, and is evidence of Niyazov s desire to use the http://www.hrdc.net/sahrdc/hrfchr59/Issue4/Turkmenistan.htm

Special Weekly Edition for the Duration of the 59th Session of the Commission on Human Rights (Geneva, 17 March 2003 - 25 April 2003) About HRF Content page Previous Issues HRF-58th CHR ... Feedback Volume 6, Issue 4 7-13 April 2003 TURKMENISTAN In the iron fist of Niyazov Political opposition to Niyazov's rule also took root in exile communities via the formation of the United Democratic Opposition of Turkmenistan (UDOT) 1991, led by Advi Kuliev, and the People's Democratic Movement of Turkmenistan in 2001, led by Boris Shikhmuradov, former Turkmenistan Ambassador to China. On 25 November 2002, there was an assassination attempt upon Niyazov. Niyazov alleged that the organizers of the attack were Shikhmuradov and several other former government officials. In retaliation, Niyazov engaged in tactics that showed little regard for human rights or due process of law. Dozens of relatives of the alleged conspirators were subsequently arrested and schools in the nation's capital, Ashgabat, were ordered to provide information about attending students to the Ministry for National Security. In total, the Turkmenistan authorities arrested over 100 people.

45. VOA News - 7/18/03 - REPRESSION IN TURKMENISTAN The repression of civil liberties is being stepped up in Turkmenistan. One exampleis the turkmenistan government’s recent decision to reinstate an exit http://www.voanews.com/uspolicy/Archive/a-2003-07-21-1-1.cfm

var gMenuControlID=0; var menus_included = 0; var jsPageAuthorMode = 0; var jsSessionPreviewON = 1; var jsDlgLoader = '/uspolicy/Archive/loader.cfm'; var jsSiteID = 41; var jsSubSiteID = 77; var kurrentPageID = 71960; document.CS_StaticURL = "http://author.voanews.com/uspolicy/"; document.CS_DynamicURL = "http://author.voanews.com/uspolicy/"; Editorials Reflecting the Views of the United States Government Text Only Search V OICE OF A MERICA VOA Home Editorials Home On the Line Home Subscribe to Editorials ... About VOA Region A fri ca Americas ... International Topic Crime Health Environment Human Rights ... Trade 7/18/03 - REPRESSION IN TURKMENISTAN 21 July 2003 The repression of civil liberties is being stepped up in Turkmenistan. One example is the Turkmenistan government’s recent decision to reinstate an exit visa regime. Turkmenistan officials repealed the exit visa program last year. But then they decided this past March to reinstate it. This was a major step backward. The United States has repeatedly urged Turkmenistan to repeal the exit visa requirement. As U.S. officials said, the reimposition of the exit visa regime is an unwarranted and draconian measure. In addition to requiring exit visas, the Turkmenistan government has acted to compel dual Russian-Turkmen citizens to choose citizenship of only one country. Dual citizens who did not choose by June 22nd have presumably lost their Russian citizenship and are no longer allowed to travel freely to Russia without exit visas. There are also credible reports that those who chose Russian citizenship have faced difficulty remaining in Turkmenistan.

46. Turkmenistan President Saparmurat Niyazov Meets With Li Zhaoxing He indicated that the Chinese government cherishes ChinaTurkmenistan friendship Deputy Ministers of the turkmenistan government in charge of foreign http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zygy/gyhd/t166856.htm

47. Taipei Times - Archives turkmenistan government covering up drug problem. DENIAL Behind the new marblebuildings of what President Saparmurat Niyazov calls Turkmenistan s `Golden http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2004/06/13/2003174869

Sun, Jun 13, 2004 News Editorials e-Industry e-Service ... e-Education 194693937 visits Front Page * KMT grassroots tell Lien to get to work * Kinmen proposed as buffer zone * Kabila's forces crush latest coup attempt in Congo ... Restaurants Back Issue Full List TaipeiTimes Advertise Employment FAQ About Us Contact Us Best View in Mozilla Search Advanced Search Most Read Story Most Viewed Photo Login ... Free sign up! Print Mail Wikipedia Turkmenistan government covering up drug problem DENIAL: Behind the new marble buildings of what President Saparmurat Niyazov calls Turkmenistan's `Golden Century,' drug dealers and addicts roam the potholed streets AP , ASHGABAT, TURKMENISTAN Sunday, Jun 13, 2004,Page 5 Advertising Kristina tapped the veins on top of her right foot and plunged in a syringe filled with cloudy fluid, slowly pressing the stopper down to deliver her dose of heroin. "I'm home," the 29-year-old prostitute said, leaning back to let the high course through her emaciated body, satisfying the craving she's nurtured as a drug addict for eight years. The cost: the equivalent of US$2.60. This scene in a dingy backroom in the capital Ashgabat isn't happening at least not according to the authoritarian government of this Central Asian nation. Since 2000, Turkmenistan has failed to report any drug seizures to international organizations and President Saparmurat Niyazov has claimed the country next door to Afghanistan, source of most of the world's opium has no drug problem.

48. Economy The turkmenistan government has agreed to build a short pipeline to the huge The US government pressured Turkmenistan to give preference to the http://www.zmag.org/tanteroil.htm

Pipeline Politics: Oil, gas and the US interest in Afghanistan Richard Tanter Oil and gas are not the reason the US has attacked Afghanistan, but Afghanistan has long had a key place in US plans to secure control of the vast but landlocked oil and gas reserves of Central Asia. Though the primary US motivation is to destroy Osama bin Laden’s sanctuary in Afghanistan, another, rather more pecuniary objective is also on the agenda, particularly in the search for an alternative government in Kabul. With the Taliban out of Kabul and the search for a new Afghan government on center stage, one criterion on Washington’s mind will be how best to make Afghanistan safe for a couple of billion-dollar pipeline investments. In the case of the great natural gas and oil fields of Turkmenistan, immediately north of Afghanistan, the US government has for a decade strongly supported plans by US-led business groups for both an oil pipeline from Turkmenistan to the Arabian sea via Afghanistan and a gas pipeline from Turkmenistan across Afghanistan to Pakistan. Such pipelines would serve important US interests in a number of ways: l drawing the Central Asian oil states away from the Russian sphere of influence and establishing the foundation for a strong US position l thwarting the development of Iranian regional influence by limiting Turkmenistan-Iranian gas links and thwarting a plan for a Turkmenistan-Iran oil pipeline to the Arabian Sea. l

49. TURKMENISTAN: GOVERNMENT OF TURKMENISTAN TENDERS OFFSHORE OIL FIELDS IN THE CASP turkmenistan government OF TURKMENISTAN TENDERS OFFSHORE OIL FIELDS IN THECASPIAN SEA. March 24, 2000. SUMMARY. . 1. ON MARCH 16, 2000, http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/country/000324txtndr.htm

TURKMENISTAN: GOVERNMENT OF TURKMENISTAN TENDERS OFFSHORE OIL FIELDS IN THE CASPIAN SEA March 24, 2000 SUMMARY 1. ON MARCH 16, 2000, THE FIRST DAY OF THE FIFTH TURKMENISTAN INTERNATIONAL OIL AND GAS CONFERENCE, THE GOVERNMENT OF TURKMENISTAN (GOTX) ANNOUNCED A NEW HYDROCARBON INVESTMENT INITIATIVE IN THE CENTRAL AND SOUTH CASPIAN SHELF. THE GOTX INVITES FOREIGN COMPANIES TO PARTICIPATE IN THE EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBON RESOURCES IN THIS OFFSHORE AREA WHERE IT BELIEVES 73 PERCENT AND 35 PERCENT OF THE COUNTRY'S TOTAL POTENTIAL OIL AND GAS RESERVES ARE LOCATED. SEE CONTACT INFORMATION IN PARAGRAPH 7. END SUMMARY. TURKMENISTAN'S OIL AND GAS RESERVES AND PERSPECTIVES 2. ACCORDING TO GOTX DATA ANNOUNCED AT TIOGE 2000, TURKMENISTAN POSSESSES OVERALL RESOURCES OF 23 TRILLION CUBIC METERS OF GAS AND 12 BILLION TONS OF OIL. IN 1999 TURKMENISTAN PRODUCED 22.9 BILLION CUBIC METERS OF NATURAL GAS AND 7 MILLION TONS OF OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE AT 46 ACTIVE DEPOSITS LOCATED THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. OUT OF TOTAL OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION, 10.7 BILLION CUBIC METERS OF GAS AND 1.1 MILLION TONS OF OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE PRODUCED BY STATE TURKMENGAS AND TURKMENOIL COMPANIES WERE EXPORTED. ADDITIONALLY, 3.5 MILLION TONS OF OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE PRODUCED BY FOREIGN OIL COMPANIES OPERATING IN TURKMENISTAN WERE EXPORTED. THE GOTX HAS GIVEN HIGH PRIORITY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIL RESERVES IN THE CASPIAN OFFSHORE FIELDS.

50. TURKMENISTAN: GOVERNMENT OF TURKMENISTAN ANNOUNCES TENDER FOR THE CONSTRUCTION O turkmenistan government OF TURKMENISTAN ANNOUNCES TENDER FOR THE CONSTRUCTIONOF LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS PRODUCTION UNITS AT THE KOTURDEPE AND KORPEJE OIL http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/country/000522txtndr.htm

TURKMENISTAN: GOVERNMENT OF TURKMENISTAN ANNOUNCES TENDER FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS PRODUCTION UNITS AT THE KOTURDEPE AND KORPEJE OIL FIELDS Deadline: JULY 10, 2000 12 MAY 00 SOURCE: US EMBASSY ASHGABAT SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2000. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. SUMMARY THE MAY 6, 2000 "NEUTRAL TURKMENISTAN" NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED AN INVITATION FOR PARTICIPATION IN AN INTERNATIONAL TENDER FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS PRODUCTION UNITS AT THE KOTURDEPE AND KORPEJE OIL FIELDS IN BALKAN VELAYAT. BELOW IS A TRANSLATION OF THE TENDER ANNOUNCEMENT AS IT APPEARED IN THE NEWSPAPER. BEGIN TEXT. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ORDER OF THE PRESIDENT NO. 4597 OF MARCH 3, 2000, "REGARDING THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF A TENDER ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS PRODUCTION UNITS", THE TENDER COMMISSION ANNOUNCES A TENDER (COMPETITION) AND INVITES YOU TO SUBMIT YOUR PROPOSALS ON BUILDING LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS PRODUCTION UNITS AT THE KOTURDEPE AND KORPEJE OIL FIELDS.

51. Turkmenistan Turkmenistan resource page with links to the turkmenistan government, Turkmenistanlaw firms, Turkmenistan law, Turkmenistan legislature, Turkmenistan http://www.washlaw.edu/forint/asia/turkmenistan.htm

Add Site Search Law Library Contact Us ... LawTech Foreign and International Law Turkmenistan Turkmenistan law resource page with links to the Turkmenistan government, Turkmenistan law firms, Turkmenistan law, Turkmenistan legislature, Turkmenistan property law, and Turkmenistan law guide. Turkmenistan Law Turkmenistan: The Law and Right In English and Pycckar Bepcnr. Government of Turkmenistan From Abacci Atlas. Governments on the WWW: Turkmenistan Republic of Turkmenistan From the Law Library of Congress. "The Guide to Law Online is an annotated compendium of sources accessible through the Internet. Links provide access to primary documents, legal commentary,” and more. Turkmenistan Government From Photius Coutsoukis. Chiefs of State Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members From the CIA. Law Firms Law Firms Legislature Turkmenistan “NATLEX, the database of national labour, social security and related human rights legislation maintained by the ILO's International Labour Standards Department. Records in NATLEX provide abstracts of legislation and relevant citation information, and they are indexed by keywords and by subject classifications.” Property Law Law of Turmenistan Privatization of Property in Turkmenistan From Pangaea Partners.

52. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Gas Pipeline Working Group Set Up At Turkmen Gas pipeline working group set up at turkmenistan government. 1006-02 A workinggroup on realizing the project of the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan gas http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/news/ntc22656.htm

volume 7, issue #13 - Thursday, June 27, 2002 sponsored by: Gas pipeline working group set up at Turkmenistan government 10-06-02 A working group on realizing the project of the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan gas pipeline has been set up at the government of Turkmenistan. President Saparmurat Nihyazov of Turkmenistan signed a corresponding decree at the government's meeting held to sum up the results of his visit to Islamabad on May 29-30. "The tripartite agreement on the construction of the gas and oil pipeline signed with the leadership of Pakistan and Afghanistan means that these projects are quite viable and there are real political conditions for their realization," Niyazov said at the meeting. The working group faces the task of searching for investors and creating a consortium of companies, as the president stressed. He also said that the World Bank and the biggest Asian banks show interest in the project of transporting Turkmen gas to Pakistan's market. The pipeline of 1,500 km length will transport 30 bn cm of gas, the Turkmen president said, commenting on the Islamabad agreements. Gas will be sold for currency only, Niyazov stressed. According to the agreement, the governments of Pakistan and Afghanistan are also to create working groups on preparation and realization of the gas pipeline project. The first tripartite meeting at the level of ministers of fuel and energy complexes is to be held in Ashgabat on July 10 after the holding of an all-Afghan assembly and formation of a government.

53. Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - US Pay For Study On Transport Of Turkmenista will be chosen by the turkmenistan government, the TDA official said. a production sharing agreement with the turkmenistan government to develop and http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/news/ntc82686.htm

Volume 3, issue #18 - 22-06-1998 sponsored by: US pay for study on transport of Turkmenistan gas under Caspian Sea Apr. 24, 1998 The U.S. Trade Development Agency (TDA) has awarded a $ 750,000 grant to Turkmenistan to pay for a feasibility study on the best way to transport Turkmenistan's natural gas by pipeline under the Caspian Sea. The money for the study coincides with the first official visit by Turkmenistan's president to Washington, and follows several energy deals that Turkmenistan's government reached with U.S. companies recently. The Clinton administration has been encouraging Turkmenistan to choose a different pipeline route, other than one that would go through Iran, for transporting its natural gas to Turkey. It is estimated that Turkmenistan holds the fourth largest natural gas reserves in the world. The study will look at two possible pipeline routes. One would be a new East-West pipeline across Turkmenistan and under the Caspian Sea, then coming onshore across Azerbaijan and Georgia before ending in Turkey. The other option would follow the same route, but instead of building a completely new pipeline, the feasibility study would look at the cost of rehabilitating an older pipeline and connecting it with a new pipeline constructed on part of the route.

54. Turkmenistan turkmenistan government Announces New Turkmenistan 2000 Oil Gas LicensingInitiative. (Business Wire). Turkmenbashi and his Turkmenistan. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108058.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 26, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Rosh Hashanah ... Texas Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Turkmenistan Infoplease Atlas: Turkmenistan President-for-Life: Saparmurad A. Niyazov (1990) Area: 188,455 sq mi (488,100 sq km) Population (2005 est.): 4,952,081 (growth rate: 1.8%); birth rate: 27.7/1000; infant mortality rate: 73.1/1000; life expectancy: 61.4; density per sq mi: 26 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Ashgabat, 727,700 Other large cities: Chardzhou, 213,500; Tashauz, 160,400 Monetary unit: Manat Languages: Turkmen 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%, other 7% Ethnicity/race: Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003) Religions: Islam 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%

55. Turkmenistan Profile: Government Asia turkmenistan government More facts and figures on Turkmenistan Agriculture Background - Crime - Currency - Democracy - Economy - Education http://www.nationmaster.com/country/tx/Government

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #34 Finns are perhaps the world's greatest athletes, ranked first at summer olympics and third in winter games. Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 50 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Disasters Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Industry Internet Labor Language Lifestyle Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Categories Agriculture Background Crime Currency ... Transportation Regions Africa Asia Europe Middle East ... Turkmenistan : Government View this page with sources or definitions listed for each statistic Administrative divisions provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty

56. The Daily Mail - Daily News From Pakistan - Newspaper From Pakistan He said that turkmenistan government was transparently open to the world, enjoyinga lot of exchange programmes particularly in the field of education with http://dailymailnews.com/200501/17/news/102.html

Home Headlines City Sports ... About Us Turkmenistan marching on path to excellence President Niyazov steering the nation to new horizons Makhdoom Babar Editor-in-Chief His Excellency Mr Ataev Ovezgeldi, Speaker of Majlis (Parliament) of Turkmenistan briefed the visiting delegation about the functioning of the democratic institutions of the country. He explained as to how the members of the Parliament, representing all regions of the country make it to the House and how they conduct proceedings of the House to carry on with the democratic and political affairs of the state. A detailed report about socio-economic progress of Turkmenistan would be appearing soon, for more details about this report please visit our website http// www.dailymailnews.com Home Headlines City ... About Us The Daily Mail Powered by IT Solutions

57. CIA - The World Factbook -- Turkmenistan The turkmenistan government is actively seeking to develop alternative petroleumtransportation routes in order to break Russia s pipeline monopoly. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tx.html

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58. MSN Encarta - Turkmenistan Turkmenistan’s government has encouraged some shift away from cotton cultivation, In the early 1990s the turkmenistan government launched several http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555783_4/Turkmenistan.html

59. MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Turkmenistan The government of Turkmenistan has been slow to reform the economic structures it In the early 1990s the turkmenistan government launched several http://encarta.msn.com/text_761555783___9/Turkmenistan.html

Print Print Preview Turkmenistan Article View On the File menu, click Print to print the information. Turkmenistan IV. Economy Turkmenistan was the poorest republic of the former USSR. The Soviet regime developed the republic to supply the raw materials of natural gas, oil, and cotton. The focus on raw materials left other sectors of the economy underdeveloped, as most of the materials were shipped to processing and manufacturing plants located in other Soviet republics. Because of the emphasis on raw material production, Turkmenistan did not experience a collapse of the industrial sector following the breakup of the USSR, unlike many other former Soviet republics. This initially cushioned Turkmenistan from severe economic disruption. However, Turkmenistan remained highly dependent on imports of food and consumer goods, which were provided on a subsidized basis during the Soviet period. Due to price deregulation throughout the former USSR, prices for imported goods increased substantially. The country was therefore even more dependent on its export revenues, which were inconsistent from year to year due to sharp fluctuations in world prices, especially for natural gas. In addition, Turkmenistan’s largest purchasers of natural gas were often unable to make timely payments, leading to production cuts and decreased revenue. The country’s gross domestic product (GDP), which measures the value of goods and services produced, declined through most of the 1990s. However, the country reported strong economic growth in 1999 and the early 2000s, mainly as a result of increased natural-gas exports. Exports of fossil fuels and cotton continue to form the foundation of the economy. In 2003 GDP was an estimated $6.2 billion.

60. EIM MEDIA REPORT FROM THE CIS / August 2002 / Turkmenistan Ministry on 14 August urged the turkmenistan government to take measures The Ministry s statement said that from 1997 the turkmenistan government, http://www.internews.ru/eim/august2002/tme.html

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