61. MSN Encarta - Search View - Africa This equatorial lake system includes lakes turkana, Albert, Tanganyika, About 15 per cent of africa s people practise only indigenous, or local, http://uk.encarta.msn.com/text_761572628__1/Africa.html

Search View Africa Article View To find a specific word, name, or topic in this article, select the option in your Web browser for finding within the page. In Internet Explorer, this option is under the Edit menu. The search seeks the exact word or phrase that you type, so if you don’t find your choice, try searching for a keyword in your topic or recheck the spelling of a word or name. Africa I. Introduction Africa , second-largest of the Earth's seven continents, with adjacent islands, covering about 30,330,000 sq km (11,699,000 sq mi), or about 22 per cent of the world's total land area. At the end of the 20th century more than 13 per cent of the world's population lived in Africa. Straddling the equator, Africa stretches 8,050 km (4,970 mi) from its northernmost point, Cape Blanc (Ra’s al Abyad;) in Tunisia, to its southernmost tip, Cape Agulhas in South Africa. The maximum width of the continent, measured from the tip of Cape Vert in Senegal, in the west, to Cape Xaafuun (Ras Hafun) in Somalia, in the east, is about 7,560 km (4,700 mi). The highest point on the continent is the perpetually snowcapped Mount Kilimanjaro (5,892 m/19,330 ft) in Tanzania; the lowest is ‘Asal Lake (153 m/502 ft below sea level) in Djibouti. Africa has a regular coastline characterized by few indentations. Its total length is about 30,490 km (18,950 mi), which in proportion to its area is less than that of any other continent. The main islands associated with Africa, which have a combined area of some 621,600 sq km (240,000 sq mi), are Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pemba, Mauritius, R©union, the Seychelles, and the Comoro Islands in the Indian Ocean; S£o Tom©, Pr­ncipe, and Bioko in the Gulf of Guinea; St Helena, Ascension, and the Bijag³s Archipelago in the Atlantic; and the Cape Verde Islands, the Canary Islands, and the Madeira Islands in the North Atlantic. Although considered geographically part of Africa, St Helena, Ascension, the Bijag³s Archipelago, the Canary Islands, and the Madeira Islands have few, if any, economic, political, or cultural links with the continent. Their ties are rather with western Europe: St Helena and Ascension are dependencies of the United Kingdom; the Canary and Madeira islands are an integral part of metropolitan Spain and Portugal respectively.

62. ITDG - East Africa - Conflict In Northern Kenya turkana district has the highest number of displaced persons. The figure currentlystands at 41097 people. Most of the displaced are from Kakuma and http://www.itdg.org/?id=conflict_in_northern_kenya

63. African Languages. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 Tonality is a common feature of indigenous African languages. The Nilotictongues include Shilluk, Dinka, Nuer, Masai, turkana, Nandi, and Suk. http://www.bartleby.com/65/af/Africanlng.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. African languages geographic rather than linguistic classification of languages spoken on the African continent. Historically the term refers to the languages of sub-Saharan Africa, which do not belong to a single family, but are divided among several distinct linguistic stocks. It is estimated that more than 800 languages are spoken in Africa; however, they belong to comparatively few language families. Some 50 African languages have more than half a million speakers each, but many others are spoken by relatively few people. Tonality is a common feature of indigenous African languages. There are usually two or three tones (based on pitch levels rather than the rising and falling in inflections of Chinese tones) used to indicate semantic or grammatical distinction.

64. IRIN Africa East Africa KENYA KENYA Struggling Against For most people of the region, livestock is a living bank a savings In some parts of turkana the drought has wiped out 70 percent of the livestock. http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=47464&SelectRegion=East_Africa

65. Speeches November 2002 - International Conference Of The International Alliance That cultural and indigenous diversity is an investment in all of our common The turkana of Northern Kenya traditionally plan crop planting around an http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.Print.asp?DocumentID=273&Arti

66. Investing In Africa Can Be Quite A Challenge But Good Deals Are Other communities such as the Maasai continue to practice indigenous beliefs . Something important to note, in African culture people do not maintain http://www.escapeartist.com/efam/71/Investing_In_Kenya.html

Investing In Africa Can Be Quite A Challenge: But Good Deals Are On The Horizon ~ by James Joroge Return To Issue Article Index Investing In Africa Can Be Quite A Challenge But Good Deals Are On The Horizon ~ by James Joroge June 2005 Geography Kenya lies in the Eastern part of the African continent with an area of 582,646 square kilometers (slightly smaller than the size of Texas). The country is nearly shield-shaped, its northern part is broader while the southern part tapers out to a tip. The equator runs midway, almost dividing the country in two equal halves. Its neighbors in the region are: i) Ethiopia to the north ii) Sudan to the Northwest iii) Uganda to the West iv) Tanzania to the south v) Somalia to the East. The Indian Ocean borders the country in the Southeast. Topography Kenya can be divided into several regions of lowlands and highlands. These are: Nairobi a) The coastal plain - a region of high temperatures bordering the Indian Ocean b) Nyika Plateau - This the safari country that occupies most of Kenya. The region is dry with little and sometimes unreliable rainfall. c) The Highlands - situated in the central part of Kenya and divided into two parts by the Great Rift Valley, the Eastern highlands and Western highlands. This region receives heavy and reliable rainfall throughout the year.This is the breadbasket of the country with a lot of farming activities.

67.  Ethnographic  Art From Kenya, Turkana, Pokot, Maasai, Rendille, Food Containe African Art Collection Collection 3 Esther Kahonge Collection Carved woodneck rest used by the Pokot and turkana peoples of Kenya, circa 1950s. http://www.douglasyaney.com/col-3-pg2-ek-ethnographic.htm

Douglas Yaney Gallery Main page African Art Haitian Art Pre-Columbian Art ... Links Douglas Yaney African Art Collection Collection 3 Esther Kahonge Collection Ethnographic Utilitarian Artifacts of the pastoralist peoples of Kenya including the Turkana, Pokot, Maasai, Kikuyu, Borana and Rendille This wonderful collection of utilitarian objects was collected in the bush several years ago by Esther Kahonge when she was doing research for the University of Nairobi in Kenya. These pieces have been well worn and therefore may have cracks or other damage that has sometimes been repaired and sometimes not. The repairs were made in the bush with whatever was handy, such as strips of aluminum, leather, wire or even colored plastic, adding more interest to the piece. In our "throwaway society" we might find it hard to understand why these people would take so much time and care repairing an object instead of creating a new one. There is a lesson there for all of us. We will not list all so called "defects" so if this matters to you, please ask about specific pieces before making a purchase.

68. East Africa Living Encyclopedia Like many other ethnic groups in africa, turkana men have several wives. With a PreHistoric People The Akikuyu of British East africa. http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/kethnic.htm

East Africa Living Encyclopedia Kenya Map,Flag,Anthem Agriculture Archaeology Communications ... r (Supported by a Grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities Kenya Tanzania ... Rwanda Kenya Ethnic Groups The Kikuyu, Meru, Gusii, Embu, Akamba, Luyha (or alternate spelling of Luyia), Swahili and Mijikenka The Kikuyu Ngai

69. Minorities At Risk (MAR) with smaller groups of indigenous peoples such as the Somalis, Maasai, andTurkana. The colonial settlers forcibly evicted the indigenous African http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/data/kenluhya.htm

Luhya in Kenya Luhya population (1998 est): 3.97 million which is 14% of Kenya's population of 28.34 million. (Group and country population compiled from various sources.) Group type: communal contender Click here to view General Chronology Risk Assessment There is only one factor that increases the chances of future protest actions by the Luhya: significant political restrictions that include limits on free movement, voting, and recruitment to the police, military, and high political office. Low-level protest by group members only emerged in the late 1990s. The elections to choose a successor to Moi, scheduled for late 2002, will likely influence the group's political prospects. Analytic Summary More than forty ethnic groups comprise Kenya's population. While no single group forms a majority, the Luhya (14%) are the second largest group after the Kikuyu (22%). Other significant populations include the Luo (13%), Kalenjin (12%), and Kisii (6%) along with smaller groups of indigenous peoples such as the Somalis, Maasai, and Turkana. The term Luhya was first introduced during the colonial era to refer to a linguistic grouping that consists of fifteen different peoples (LANG = 1). They are the Bukusu, Dakho, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyala, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, and Wanga. The Luhya follow the same customs as the country's larger groups (CUSTOM = 0). Group members primarily live in the Western Province and adjacent areas of the Rift Valley Province. There has been little group movement across the country's regions (MIGRANT = 1).

70. Content, Technical Three elements of indigenous peoples and rangelands will be explored. A corporate land manager with extensive interests, an indigenous African speaker http://www.rangelandcongress.com/cntTechnical.htm

In the opening plenary "People and Rangelands", delegates will be challenged to consider the broad rangeland issues involving people, financial and natural resource systems and their interrelationships. It will set the scene for the Congress with three speakers and a Panel Discussion. The speakers will focus on issues of People and Rangelands from the perspectives of past impacts the current struggle and future needs Each will participate in the subsequent discussion along with additional Panel Members who will provide a variety of perspectives from around the world. Congress delegates will have an opportunity to contribute to the discussion. People and Rangelands: Past Impacts Dr. Tim Flannery, Archaeologist and Biologist, Senior Research Scientist, Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia and Visiting Professor, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Tim Flannery is an archaeologist and biologist and author of the highly acclaimed book "The Future Eaters". "Since that first brave adventurer left the great Afro-Asian homeland to travel down the long chain of islands to Australasia, human beings have consumed the resources they would need for their own future. The Aborigines, Maoris and Polynesians were the world’s original future eaters. They changed the flora and fauna in ways that now seem inconceivable. Europeans have made an even greater impact. Today Future Eating is a universal occupation". David Suzuki said of this book "An original, very important thesis that gives us powerful insight into our current destructive path." Tim will provide a controversial and challenging view of prehistory of the rangelands and its lessons for our use of them.

71. Kenya Kenya Menu Abbreviations Acronyms List Of Sources On the other hand, most of the internally displaced people belong to indigenous nomadic pastoralists (Kalenjin, Maasai, Samburu and turkana) from the http://www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/IdpProjectDb/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewSingleEnv/Ken

www.idpproject.org Kenya Kenya menu List of sources Maps Kenya: tensions rise as government fails to address internal displacement When the KANU (Kenya African National Union) government was voted out in December 2002 after almost 40 years in power, around 350,000 remaining internally displaced people (IDPs) regained hopes of returning to the land they had been forced to flee during the 1990s. However, Unresolved land disputes from colonial era This order and the consequent violent displacements coincided almost exactly with the amendment of the Kenyan Constitution to permit multi-party politics in September 1991 (Article 19, Oct 1997, p. 24). Soon afterwards, parties were formed along tribal lines, with KANU officials paying landless youth to harass and force mainly Kikuyu people out of their homes and constituencies. The major periods of violence and displacement centred around the 1992 and 1997 elections and the main perpetrators of the violence in both these elections were predominantly dispossessed Kalenjin and Maasai supporters of the KANU government against members of opposition groups. By 1993 about 300,000 people had fled their homes (HRW, June 1997, p.36). In addition to the upheaval in the Rift Valley, there was a major outbreak of violence in the Mombasa region/Coast province in August and early September 1997. This violence caused the displacement of up to 120,000 people and left at least 100 dead. The victims again belonged largely to groups perceived to be associated with the political opposition, while the perpetrators were mainly disgruntled young men who were paid to commit the atrocities (US DOS, 30 January 1998, sect 1a; Nowrojee 1998, p. 65; USCR 1998).

72. Other Announcements indigenous People Want Power to Veto World Bank Plans May 2005 Dana Declarationat the World Parks Congress, Durban, South africa, September 2003 http://users.ox.ac.uk/~cnpc/main_announcements.html

Other Announcements Indigenous People Want Power to Veto World Bank Plans - May 2005 Click here for full report by Haider Rizvi. International Human Dimensions Programme On Global Environmental Change International Council for Science (ICSU) and the International Social Science Council (ISSC) invite applications for the above position. The IHDP is an international, interdisciplinary and non-governmental science organisation, focussing on social and human dimensions of environmental change. The IHDP is dedicated to promoting, catalysing and coordinating research, capacity-building, and networking on the human dimensions of global environmental change. The IHDP, from a social science perspective, examines areas of concern for societies on global change and works at the interface between science and practice. For detailed information on the programme please visit www.ihdp.org For further details of the vacancy click here . Deadline June 15, 2005.

73. Postcolonial.html For the majority of people in Nairobi and in East africa, the postcolonial Swallowing the Colonial System indigenous african Elites and Officials http://www.lclark.edu/~soan/postcolonial.html

CHAPTER 5: Inheriting a Legacy of Domination: The Postcolonial Period The Preservation of "North/South" Dependency Jarrett (1996) begins this process of deconstruction by arguing that the destructive impacts of African "neo-colonialism" (an apt title referring to the continuing exploitation and domination of African human and natural resources during the postcolonial period) involve a number of "key participants in the exploitation of Africa's economy" (82), the most important of which are: the indigenous political and administrative officials and elites of Kenya and Tanzania; and the corporate and capitalist interests of developed nations, represented by the continuing involvement of the World Bank, the IMF, and "Northern" interests on a governmental level within the context of the East African geography. The importance of each of these actors within the context of postcolonial power dynamics, conservation and development issues, and the reproduction of extractive and oppressive capitalist interests in East Africa and in the context of the "global economy," are considered below. Swallowing the Colonial System: Indigenous African Elites and Officials pictured here Go to next section on The Postcolonial Period...

74. Afrika.no - Kenya: A Fragile Peace In The Desert afrika.no The Index on africa and africa News Update. a non-governmentalorganisation ( NGO) in Isiolo that promotes indigenous people s land rights, http://www.afrika.no/Detailed/9577.html

find: in Entire afrika.no Index on Africa News Update Norske sider English Pages April advanced search Fellesrådet The Index on Africa Africa News Update ... English You are here: Archive April Kenya: A fragile peace in the desert Isiolo - Ethnic clashes, blamed on competition for increasingly scarce water and grazing, are sweeping northern Kenya, as drought and famine intensify in the neglected region. Since the beginning of the year, more than 100 people have been killed in renewed violence perpetrated under the cover of long-simmering ethnic animosities, and fueled by the myriad conflicts which surround northern Kenya. The Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda, militias in southern Sudan, Oromo Liberation Front guerillas in southern Ethiopia and Somali warlords who consider East Africa's deserts their personal fiefdoms, provide a constant supply of weapons to feuding tribes. The British charity, Oxfam, says northern Kenya is ‘awash' with weapons. In Mandera district, which borders Somalia, the Garre and Murule clans are fighting, and in the most recent flare-up, 23 Garre villagers - mostly women and children - were massacred in a hail of AK-47 gunfire as they slept in their huts. Similar clashes between different ethnic groups are claiming scores of lives in the Marsabit and Turkana regions of Kenya.

75. The Communication Initiative - Trends - Herbs Only Known To Pastoralists Surveys carried out in the Samburu and turkana districts revealed that the two Provisions should be made, he says, to enable indigenous people to http://www.comminit.com/trends/ctrends2003/trends-77.html

Click here to Custom Search Search by keyword This site CI Network CI + linked sites Linked sites only Home Page Glossary of Terms NEWS The Drum Beat PROGRAMMES Experiences Evaluations Planning Models ANALYSIS MDG Impact ConunDRUMs Interviews On-line Research ... Trends THINKING Social Change Strategic Thinking Change Theories DIALOGUE CI Forums Other Forums SUPPORT Events Calendar Materials Links Universities ... E-Magazines CLASSIFIEDS Vacancies Services THE CI About Us Comments FAQ What are you saying about The Communication Initiative? CI SITES The Communication Initiative Soul Beat Africa FOCAL POINTS Children Girls Adolescents Child Protection ... Imm,Vacc,Polio PAGE OPTIONS Average Rating: None Given Print-friendly Version Email this page Review this Page Read Reviews Communication Trends Herbs only known to pastoralists Akall Gregory by Akall Gregory Pastoralists in the rugged, harsh terrain of Northern Kenya are increasingly using indigenous medicine rather than modern veterinary services to care for their livestock. Instead of relying on regular dipping and spraying with acaricide, which is expensive and unavailable in isolated areas, the herders are using locally available herbs to control ecto-parasites, particularly ticks. Surveys carried out in the Samburu and Turkana districts revealed that the two pastoral communities used more than 50 plant-based remedies to treat livestock diseases. The Intermediate Technology Development Group-Eastern Africa (ITDG-EA), an international non-governmental organisation, has been working with pastoralists in animal health care issues to equip them with knowledge to manage their livestock. The project, called Ethnoveterinary Knowledge (EVK), was designed to help communities stop depending on conventional drugs and to become self-reliant and confident when it comes to using local herbs. Dr. Jacob Wanyama, EVK Project Manager, says that livestock diseases such as East Coast Fever have killed thousands of cattle per year across Eastern and Southern Africa. This constraint to livestock production in communities located in arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) "reduces productivity of millions."

76. New Items Tens of millions of people are displaced worldwide, but africa’s share has been Multiple SocioEconomic Relationships Improvised between the turkana and http://www.displacement.net/newitems.htm

News UPDATED RESETTLEMENT NEWS FOR JAN 2005 A review of a new book from Japan Displacement Risks in Africa Itaru Ohta and Yntiso D. Gebre (eds.) 2005. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press and Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press This new and intellectually rich scholarly volume on population displacement and resettlement in Africa is the result of extensive research. Some of the world’s leading scholars in this field are among its group of co-authors, which consists of: Michael M. Cernea, Jeff Crisp, Chris de Wet, Yntiso Gebre, Art Hansen, Gaim Kibreab, Eisei Kurimoto, Jean Marara, Itaru Ohta, Kai Schmidt-Soltau, Roos Willems, and Shinichi Takeuchi. The academic community, international organizations, African governments, policy makers, investing corporations, planners, will find up-to-date information and analyses on the socio-economic, demographic, and political issues of Africa today. Tens of millions of people are displaced worldwide, but Africa’s share has been very high. The scourge of civil wars causes big waves of refugees. But Africa’s internally displaced persons (IDPs) include now not only conflict-displaced refugees and populations uprooted by civil wars, but also people displaced by numerous development programs, by natural disasters, conservation programs, the construction of military bases, etc.

77. UNEP/GRID-Arendal - Press Releases The turkana of Northern Kenya traditionally plan crop planting around an to the people living at Kargi who have been the custodians of the indigenous http://www.grida.no/newsroom.cfm?pressReleaseItemID=32

78. Anthropology, Preliminary Edition - Allyn & Bacon / Longman Catalog LESSONS APPLIED The Global Network of indigenous Knowledge Resource Centers . CROSSING THE FIELDS The Prehistoric Use of Red Ochre in Southern africa http://www.ablongman.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0205469469-TOC,00.html

Select a Discipline Anthropology Counseling Criminal Justice Deaf Studies / Deaf Education Education: ELL Education: Early Childhood Education Education: Foundations / Intro to Teaching Education: Instructional Technology Education: Special Education English: Composition English: Developmental English: Technical Communication History Humanities Interdisciplinary Studies Philosophy Political Science Psychology Religion Social Work / Family Therapy Sociology by Keyword by Author by Title by ISBN Advanced Search View Cart ABOUT THIS PRODUCT Description Table of Contents Features PACKAGE OPTIONS Valuepack(s) RESOURCES Student Instructor Course-Specific Discipline-Specific INTERNET RESOURCES Companion Website RELATED TITLES General Anthropology (Four Fields) (Anthropology) Anthropology, Preliminary Edition View Larger Image Barbara D. Miller The George Washington University Bernard Wood The George Washington University Andrew Balkansky Southern Illinois University Julio Mercader University of Calgary, Canada and the George Washington University, USA Melissa Panger The George Washington University ISBN: 0-205-46946-9 Format: Paper; 768 pp

79. COE21 Characterization of indigenous agricultural systems in africa based on ecoregional In african dry zones, pastoral people have developed cultures and http://areainfo.asafas.kyoto-u.ac.jp/english/activities/msub2.html

Members' Research Activities Back ASAFAS Members: Africa Division ARAKI Shigeru Characterization of indigenous agricultural systems in Africa based on eco-regional classification Various indigenous technologies have been developed in African agriculture thereby utilizing specific environment and natural resources on sustainable basis. As a matter of fact, environment, technology and society are inseparable components of a farming complex that plays a crucial role in contemporary Africa. Through quantitative estimation of productivity and environmental potentials on the one hand, and socio-cultural adaptation on the other, the future perspective of the farming complex will be drawn. Araki, S. (1992) The role of miombo woodland ecosystems in Chitemene shifting cultivation in northern Zambia, Japan InfoMAB, 11; 8-15. Araki, S., Msanya, B., Magoggo, J. P., Kimaro, D. N., and Kitagawa, Y. (1998) Characterization of soils on various planation surfaces in Tanzania, Proceedings of the 16th World Conference of Soil Science, Montpellier, France, CD-Rom. Araki, S. (ed.) (2003) Agro-environmental study of indigenous agriculture in Tanzania and Zambia, A report for Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research of Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture ( #11691186), in press.

80. ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Kenya: Tensions Rise As Government Fails To Add When the KANU (Kenya African National Union) government was voted out in evicted indigenous nomadic pastoralists (Kalenjin, Maasai, Samburu and turkana) http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/JCDR-679LKB?OpenDocument

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