81. MedHist: The Gateway To Internet Resources For The History Of Medicine MedHist The gateway to Internet resources for the history of Medicine history of Medicine in tunisia. This page forms part of the Avicenna Health and http://medhist.ac.uk/browse/mesh/D014416.html

low graphics The gateway to Internet resources for the History of Medicine Top Locality Africa Tunisia Tunisia History of Medicine in Tunisia This page forms part of the "Avicenna - Health and Medicine in the Magreb" Web site and provides an overview of the history of medicine in Tunisia. The page has been written by Professor Sleim Ammar and covers the history of Tunisian medicine from the Hafsides period to the current day. The Web site is also available in French and Arabic and there are some errors in translation on the English version. Tunisia Medicine, Arabic History of Pharmacy in Tunisia This web page forms part of the "Avicenna - Health and Medicine in the Magreb" Web site and provides an overview of the history of pharmacy in Tunisia from the first pharmacists to the current day. The Web site is also available in French and Arabic and there are some errors in translation on the English version. Tunisia Pharmacy Pharmacists Medicine, Arabic

82. MedHist: UK's Gateway To Resources For The History Of Medicine history of Medicine in tunisia. This page forms part of the Avicenna Healthand Medicine in the Magreb Web site and provides an overview of the history http://medhist.ac.uk/text/browse/mesh/D014416.html

high graphics MedHist home search browse about ... Tunisia Tunisia History of Medicine in Tunisia This page forms part of the "Avicenna - Health and Medicine in the Magreb" Web site and provides an overview of the history of medicine in Tunisia. The page has been written by Professor Sleim Ammar and covers the history of Tunisian medicine from the Hafsides period to the current day. The Web site is also available in French and Arabic and there are some errors in translation on the English version. Tunisia Medicine, Arabic History of Pharmacy in Tunisia This web page forms part of the "Avicenna - Health and Medicine in the Magreb" Web site and provides an overview of the history of pharmacy in Tunisia from the first pharmacists to the current day. The Web site is also available in French and Arabic and there are some errors in translation on the English version. Tunisia Pharmacy Pharmacists Medicine, Arabic ... The Wellcome Trust

83. Africa Book Centre Ltd History history OF MODERN tunisia, history OF MODERN tunisia Perkins, Kenneth J. A modernhistory of tunisia from the mid nineteenth century to the present day. http://www.africabookcentre.com/acatalog/History_Tunisia.html

Quick search Online Catalogue BROWSE BY COUNTRY AND REGION Tunisia History HISTORY OF MODERN TUNISIA 2004 0521009723 Paperback CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN THE TUNISIAN SAHEL 2004 Hardback Online Catalogue BROWSE BY COUNTRY AND REGION Tunisia History

84. Welcome To The Travel And Tourism Guide To Tunisia, Culture into departments corresponding to the main stages in tunisia s history Another page in the long cultural and artistic history of tunisia is turned as http://www.tourismtunisia.com/culture/bardo.html

Museums Bardo Carthage Dar Abdallah El Jem ... Sousse Closed :Mondays Hours : Normal Hours Notes The Bardo, located in the suburbs of Tunis, is in itself, an architectural landmark. Originally a 13th century Hafside palace, it has been restored and expanded throughout the centuries to become this superb example of Arab-Moslem 17th and 18th century architecture and decoration with its vaulted ceilings, galleries and cupolas. How fitting also that the finest collection of Roman mosaics in the world should be housed in this delightful setting !. Priceless acquisitions from all parts of the Tunisian territory have been collected and arranged by date and place of origin into departments corresponding to the main stages in Tunisia's history: Prehistoric era Carthaginian era Roman era Christian era Islamic era. Let us begin from the beginning, with the exposition of the Hermaion of El Guettar, a cairn of stone and silex estimated at over 40 000 years, and perhaps one of mankind's first spiritual and cultural expressions. Found in the area of Gafsa, northwestern Tunisia, it is one of a myriad of artifacts and vestiges, some strangely carved and faceted, testifying to man's early presence in Tunisia that are exposed in the Bardo's fine Prehistoric collection. We can date the end of the prehistoric era with the arrival of the Phoenicians around 1000 BC. Moving forward we find the Roman presence in Tunisia expressed and exhibited in the hundreds of mosaics adorning the walls and floor of the Bardo. Gathered from countless ancient sites these priceless images bear witness to the wealth and prosperity of Roman Tunisia, its gods and goddesses, myths and realities, day to day activities and exuberant festivities.

85. A Short History Of Tunisia In 1574 tunisia is incorporated into the Ottoman Empire. It becomes a provinceand in 1705 it becomes under the Bey of tunisia a de facto independent state, http://www.electionworld.org/history/tunisia.htm

Around 800 BC Phoenicians settle in present-day Tunisia and found the state of Carthago . Carthago is destroyed during three wars between 246 and 146 BC by the Roman Empire . In 439 the area is conquered by the germanic tribe of the Vandals , which establishes an own state in the area. The East Roman Empire conquers the area in 533 and rule it until 647. That year Arabs take over the area and add it to the Caliphate . De facto the area secedes from the caliphate in the ninth century and diverse Arab and Berber states rule over Tunisia. In 1574 Tunisia is incorporated into the Ottoman Empire . It becomes a province and in 1705 it becomes under the Bey of Tunisia a de facto independent state, although it recognizes Ottoman suzerainty. Between 1726 and 1821 Tunisia is inside the Ottoman Empire subordinated to Algiers . In 1881 Tunisia becomes a French protectorate. In the protectorate the nationalist Mouvement Constitutionelle (MC) becomes active. The movement becomes illegal and in 1934 the more radical Parti Néo-Destourien (New Constitutional Party, PND) Party is founded by al-Habib ibn Ali Abu Ruqayba (Bourguiba). In 1946 the protectorate becomes associated state in the French Union and in 1956 the protectorate is terminated. The independent Tunisian Realm is inaugurated that year under king Muhammad al-Amin, Bourguiba becomes prime minister. Tunisia remains a monarchy but in 1957 the monarchy is abolished. Tunisia is renamed Tunisian Republic and becomes under Burkiba and his PND a one-party state. The military is given a defined defensive role, which excludes participation in politics. Starting from independence, Bourgiba places strong emphasis on economic and social development, especially education, the status of women and the creation of jobs. These pragmatic policies contribute to social stability and political stability. Progress toward full democracy is slow. Over the years Bourgiba stands unopposed for re-election several times and is named "President for life" in 1974. The PND, since 1964 Parti Socialiste Destourien (Socialist Constitutional Party, PSD) is the sole legal party.

86. MSN Encarta - Tunisia In the earliest known period of its history, the region now called tunisia waspart of the Carthaginian Empire (see Carthage). http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761568505_7/Tunisia.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Carthage, ancient city in Tunisia Habib Bourguiba, independence leader more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Tunisia Search for books and more related to Tunisia Facts and Figures Quick information and statistics for Tunisia Encarta Search Search Encarta about Tunisia Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Tunisia ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 7 of 8 Tunisia Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 19 items Dynamic Map Map of Tunisia Article Outline Introduction Land and Resources People Economy ... History G Defense In 2003 the armed forces of Tunisia comprised an army of 27,000 persons, a navy of 4,500, and an air force of 3,500. VI History Print Preview of Section In the earliest known period of its history, the region now called Tunisia was part of the Carthaginian Empire ( see Carthage ). According to tradition

87. Tunisia - Facts About Tunisia Including Map And Flag Images Maps,Flags,history,Geography,Economics WorldAtlas. http//www.world-atlas.net tunisia - history,Geography and Economic information http://www.world-atlas.net/Tunisia

Maps,Flags,History,Geography,Economics World-Atlas [http://www.world-atlas.net] Country List: A B C D ... Tunisia Tunisia - History,Geography and Economic information Tunisia Introduction Tunisia Background: Following independence from France in 1956, President Habib BOURGUIBA established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In recent years, Tunisia has taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its foreign relations. Domestically, it has sought to diffuse rising pressure for a more open political society. Geography Tunisia Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya Geographic coordinates: 34 00 N, 9 00 E Map references: Africa Area: total: 163,610 sq km water: 8,250 sq km land: 155,360 sq km Area - comparative: slightly larger than Georgia Land boundaries: total: 1,424 km

88. Welcome To Tunisia Online, Your Digital Gateway To News And Information On Tunis tunisia, Welcome to tunisiaOnline.com Your digital gateway to news and informationresources on tunisia, tunisia s history, government, culture, http://www.tunisiaonline.com/history/

HISTORY IN BRIEF 814 BC: Foundation of Carthage by Phoenician settlers led by Queen Dido. 264 BC to 146 BC: The Punic Wars: Three wars with Rome, including elephant-mounted expedition by Hannibal across the Alps (218-202 BC,) end with the defeat of Carthage. 146 BC-439: Establishment of the first Roman Colony, Africa, and its attachment to the Roman Empire. Takeover of Carthage by the Vandals. Takeover of Carthage by the Byzantines. Advent of the Arab-Islamic period. Foundation of Kairouan by Oqba lbn Nafaa (670), and takeover of Carthage by the Arabs (698). Expansion of Islam and establishment of the Aghlabid Dynasty. (Construction of the Zitouna Mosque in Tunis). Fatimid and Zirides dynasties. Foundation of Mahdia (921). Almohads unify the Maghreb countries and Moslem Andalusia. The Hafsids break away from Almohads and establish new dynasty based in Tunis. Tunisia becomes part of the Ottoman Empire.

89. Welcome To Tunisia Online, Your Digital Gateway To News And Information On Tunis For the first time in tunisia s history, the incumbent president was challengedby opposition candidates, during the elections held on October 24, 1999. http://www.tunisiaonline.com/government/biography.html

President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali President of the Republic of Tunisia When Tunisians woke one historic morning in 1987 to learn of the constitutional accession to the presidency of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, it was the dawn of an era of rapid reform for this ancient but dynamic North African country. In a historic declaration over national radio on a day now referred to as the Change of November 7th, Ben Ali called on his fellow citizens to join him in developing an open, democratic society built on progress. The country welcomed the change of direction with relief. The new president brought a message the nation had long waited for: A message of confidence and hope. The protracted ordeal of a declining regime was finally over. Zine El Abidine Ben Ali was born on September 3, 1936 in Hammam-Sousse, to a family of moderate means, which brought him up to respect tradition and imbued him with a sense of dignity, patriotism and respect for others. From them he developed a propensity for simplicity, hard work and rigor, as well as a sense of moderation and tolerance. While still in the Sousse secondary school, Ben Ali responded to the call of patriotic duty. Outraged by colonial oppression, he became active in the nationalist movement, acting as liaison between the regional structures of the Neo-Destour Party and the armed struggle. As a result, he was imprisoned and excluded from all educational establishments in Tunisia.

90. UT - MENIC: Countries And Regions: Tunisia: Arts And Humanities: History: Ancien Home Countries and Regions tunisia Arts and Humanities history Populist Protest, Colonial Encounters (Algeria and tunisia, 18001904) by Julia http://menic.utexas.edu/menic/Countries_and_Regions/Tunisia/Arts_and_Humanities/

Site Index F.A.Q. Search the Site Suggest a Link ... Arts and Humanities History Ancient History Rebel and Saint: Muslim Notables, Populist Protest, Colonial Encounters (Algeria and Tunisia, 1800-1904) by Julia Clancy-Smith eBook from University of California Press Center for Middle Eastern Studies The University of Texas at Austin

91. UT - MENIC: Countries And Regions: Tunisia: Arts And Humanities: History: Ancien Home Countries and Regions tunisia Arts and Humanities history Ancienthistory. Archaeology Ancient Carthage Aristotle on the Constitution of http://menic.utexas.edu/menic/Countries_and_Regions/Tunisia/Arts_and_Humanities/

Site Index F.A.Q. Search the Site Suggest a Link ... History Ancient History Archaeology Ancient Carthage Aristotle on the Constitution of Carthage Hannibal Cornelius Nepos: Hannibal Hannibal Hannibal Barca, the Canaanite General Hannibal Barca: Military Genius ... Polybius: The Character of Hannibal Search WWW Search MENIC Center for Middle Eastern Studies The University of Texas at Austin

92. UK Foreign Office - Country Profiles Tunisia Overview of country's geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel and current affairs. http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c

93. Information And Facts And History On Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Ma Popular Cult Figured Political Site that shows a Proposal to Terraform the SaharaDesert; to reclaim it and turn it into a New Rainforest and a New Ocean of http://www.thesahara.net/sahara_history.htm

Click Here ^ To Read About This var site="sm2saharahits" Terms of Site The History of the Arab UPDATED " LEARN MORE, BE MORE " The Sahara, a Historic Jewel: Politically, the Sahara lies largely in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, and The Sudan. Having an area: of about 9 million square kilometers, which is: 3,474,171 square miles, makes the Sahara the Great, a land of quite huge dimensions. This amazing photograph by Yann Arthus-Bertrand represents this fact quite clearly. You almost expect to see a large discernible footprint manifesting itself in the sand, but a closer look reveals a caravan of ant-like people making their way through, the Sahara. Much of this seemingly limitless wasteland would appear to be void of anything. However, such is its history, it substantiates that it has been a cultural treasure. This page describes the last few thousand years. The History of the Arab, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, Sudan, Information, Facts on the Sahara, The Sahara and Global Warming, the desert, the Sahara desert, the geography, its climate, mirage, dunes, war, people, tribes, politics, myths, religion, Berbers, Tuaregs, Arabs, Islam, Muslim, wildlife, animals, Sahara desert pictures, pictures of the Sahara desert, Sahara desert animals, Sahara desert images, pictures of Sahara desert, Sahara desert pix and Sahara desert climate.

94. Tunisia Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide Comprehensive facts and advice for traveling along with background material on the culture and history of this North Africa country. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/tunisia/

@import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_structure.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_theme.css"; worldguide shop thorn tree forum travel services ... travel links Explore Tunisia Tunisia A land of ancient exotica spiced with modern luxury. View Map Click here Feature Attraction Lake Ichkeul National Park This World Heritage-listed national park is an important bird sanctuary, particularly in winter... more > WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Image Gallery Events Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links At a Glance Fast Facts Tunisia's list of attractions would do justice to a country twice its size. From the Roman-era hot springs at Hamman Mellegue to the space-age sets of Star Wars (parts of which were filmed at Matmata), its lush-to-lunar landscapes have seen more action than the New World nations combined. Spend a few days here and you'll agree: daydreaming at the famous Roman ruins of Carthage and El-Jem is almost as good as stepping into Virgil's Aeneid and knocking one back with Dido, while a day's dawdling on the north coast's beaches will leave you wondering why Hannibal ever left.

95. Tunisia A compact, authoritative guide to tunisia, its history, culture and attractions A brief history of tunisia, Morocco, Algeria and Libya through the 1990s http://www.longitudebooks.com/find/d/87/pc/North Africa/mcms.html

Choose a Region Polar Regions North America Middle America South America Northern Europe Southern Europe Mediterranean Middle East Africa South Asia Southeast Asia Advanced Search Have An Item Number? ... Visiting NORTH AFRICA Tunisia READING AND TRAVEL GUIDE Order an essential package, and we'll ship any additional items for free. We offer a mix of guidebooks, maps, field guides, novels and books on art, architecture, history, nature and culture. These items are available for , including U.S. shipping, a discount (Item no. EXTUN06) E-mail this reading guide Printer-friendly version Select Item Rough Guide Tunisia A compact, authoritative guide to Tunisia, its history, culture and attractions with good local maps. Most of the book is devoted to detailed recommendations for excursions throughout the country, covering in detail both popular and remote destinations. This is the guide to carry. A Traveller's History of North Africa A brief history of Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria and Libya through the 1990s – wide-ranging, accessible and effectively condensed. With a useful chronology and historical gazetteer, this book marches confidently through the centuries. Read it as an overview. Islamic Arts A comprehensive survey of 1,000 years of Islamic architecture, design and decoration. Illustrated throughout with color photographs, maps and site plans. For anyone with an interest in art, this book is a wonderfully illuminating, stimulating introduction to the subject.

96. Tunesie.StartTips.com All links to tunisia. ·history of tunisia. ·tunisian history. ·AncientPhoenicia Utica. ·Carthage history (More Carthage). ·Carthage Punic Wars http://www.tunesie.starttips.com/

Tunesie StartTips .com Tunesie.StartTips www.StartTips Jouw.StartTips Tunisa, one of the smallest countries of Africa. Situated in the North between neighbours Libya and Algeria. Tunesia is known for its beaches, but has a lot more to offer... since the Phoenicians founded Carthage, nearby the actual capital Tunis. Tunesia is also ideal for Sahara adventures. Global Country Info Al Bawaba Info Arab Net Tunisia Bab-el-Web Tunisia Portal CIA Factbook ... zoek... History Histoire et Chronologie History Timeline Historical Dates Tunisia History in Brief ... Ancient Phoenicia - Utica (More: Carthage) Carthage History History of Carthage Tunisia in the Roman Empire Vandals ... zoek... Wars Punic Wars Barbary Wars – Barbary Coast Tunisia Wars of the Past 200 Years Military Campaigns in North Africa ... zoek... Politics Constitution Réforme Constitutionelle Elections Presidency ... zoek... Famous Tunisians Barbarossa Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine Bourguiba – un homme, un siècle Bourguiba Habib ... zoek... Religions Religion in Tunisia Carthagian Religion Fatimids Islamic Calendar Converter ... zoek... People Demographics Arabic Language Arabieren (NL) Arabs ... Bedouins, the Original Arabs

97. Carthage Tries To Live Down Image As Site Of Infanticide the most positive and most enlightened aspects of tunisia s history. You find the identity of a people in the way it teaches history to its children. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05146/510878.stm

U.S. News World News Previous Articles Carthage tries to live down image as site of infanticide Thursday, May 26, 2005 By Andrew Higgins, The Wall Street Journal CARTHAGE, Tunisia Mhamed Hassine Fantar has a bone to pick with the Roman Empire, French writer Gustave Flaubert and a group of Americans who specialize in digging up old graves. An expert on ancient Carthage a city obliterated by the Romans more than 2,000 years ago Mr. Fantar is campaigning to clear his forefathers of a nasty stigma: a reputation for infanticide. "We didn't do it," says the 69-year-old archaeologist, rejecting accusations that the ancient citizens of this North African land sacrificed babies to appease their gods. At a time of roiling debate across the Arab world about the future, rewriting the distant past can also be an urgent matter. Modern Carthage, dotted with ancient ruins and the luxury villas of the nation's current elite, looms large in Tunisia today. The country's president, an admirer of Mr. Fantar's work, lives here in a waterfront palace. Tunisia's national identity, forged by a secular regime fearful of political Islam, rests on the celebration of Carthage's pre-Islamic glories. Tunisia's first private television station began broadcasting this spring under the name "Hannibal TV," a tribute to the military genius of ancient Carthage who led elephants across the Alps to fight the Romans. President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali praised the station for paying homage to a symbol of Tunisia's "authentic civilization."

98. Tunisia - Department Of History And Classics - University Of Alberta EXCAVATE A ROMAN VILLA AND BATHHOUSE AT tunisia , NORTH AFRICA An in-depthstudy of the history and monuments of the ancient city of Carthage in North http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/historyandclassics/nav02.cfm?nav02=28046&nav01=26

99. MIDDLE EAST CONFLICTS of history and political structure; Primary economic and legal......Official site of the government of tunisia; In French. tunisia (Arab Net). http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/arabis.html

Middle East Conflicts Dr. Raymond Tanter Political Science 353 and 498 Compiled by Grace York Frames Index No-Frames Version COURSE SYLLABI 353 Winter 1998 Syllabus 498 Winter 1998 Syllabus BOOKS AND ARTICLES Books Indexes News Periodicals SUBJECT BACKGROUND: Arab-Israeli Conflict Conflict 2000 Conflict 2002 Desert Fox ... Wye Agreement COUNTRY INFORMATION: Background Biographies Economics Human Rights ... Political Parties PRIMARY SOURCES: Europe Middle East United States United Nations RELATED WEB PAGES Iraq War Debate War Against Terrorism TERM PAPERS: Citation Guides Course Information HTML Guides Reference Tools ... Winter 1998 Papers Last updated on April 9, 2004 Official Course Information UMich Only Web Links Available from Campus Ethernet Workstations and via Modem Using 489-2222 Books and Articles Books and Articles [Web and Library] Connect to MIRLYN MCAT lists books within the University of Michigan Library system. Useful subject headings include: Arab CountriesPolitics and Government1945- Islam and State Judaism and State Middle EastPolitics and Government1945- Jewish Arab Relations Persian Gulf War 1991 West Bank Periodical Indexes America: History and Life (UMich Only) Index and abstracts of 2000 journals in U.S. and Canadian history

100. Contemporary Review: Tunisia's Andalusian Heritage Arabs in Spain / history Art, Renaissance / tunisia tunisia / history Andalusia / history. Find featured articles in these publications Featured http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1614_277/ai_64994709

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles Contemporary Review July 2000 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Related Searches Arabs in Spain / History Art, Renaissance / Tunisia Tunisia / History Andalusia / History Featured Titles for Advocate, The Air Force Journal of Logistics Air Force Law Review Air Force Speeches ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Tunisia's Andalusian Heritage Contemporary Review July, 2000 by Habeeb Salloum Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. IT was back in the mid-1980s that I drove to [Qal.sup.c]at el-Andles in search of the remains of the Spanish Muslims who had been forcefully evicted from the Iberian peninsula. Stopping our auto, I asked a passerby, 'I want to speak to someone who knows the history of this village. Is there anyone?' The man looked at me inquisitively. 'Go to the town's coffee-house and ask for Sidi al-Bakr al-Andalusi. He is the historian of our village'. In a few minutes we were in the coffee-house talking to al-Andalusi, a professor of literature in the University of Tunis. I was excited as I introduced myself, then continued, 'I have come to search for traces of the Arab-Andalusians in this country. Do you know of anything that has remained pointing to these Muslim Spaniards?'

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