41. Tunisia Atlas tunisia Facts on tunisia flags, maps, geography, history, tunisiahistory - history Early history The coast of tunisia was settled in 10th http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108050.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 26, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Rosh Hashanah ... Texas Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Tunisia Infoplease Atlas: Tunisia Tunisian Republic National name: Al-Jumhuriyah at-Tunisiyah President: Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali (1987) Prime Minister: Mohamed Ghannouchi (1999) Area: 63,170 sq mi (163,610 sq km) Population (2005 est.): 10,074,951 (growth rate: 1.0%); birth rate: 15.5/1000; infant mortality rate: 24.8/1000; life expectancy: 74.9; density per sq mi: 159 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Tunis, 1,660,300 (metro. area), 699,700 (city proper) Monetary unit: Tunisian dinar Languages: Arabic (official, commerce), French (commerce) Ethnicity/race: Arab-Berber 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%

42. Tunisia (History) Formally Became A French Protectorate, The Country Was A Monar tunisia (history), France granted tunisia internal self-government 1955 andfull independence 1956. http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/tunishis.htm

Home page Arab Info Tunisia Info Tunisia Government ... Links to Tunisia Tunisia - History Until 1883, when Tunisia formally became a French protectorate, the country was a semi-independent monarchy, with the Bey of Tunis as Head of State. In the 1930s a campaign for independence from French rule began, led by the Neo-Dustour (New Constitution) Party, founded in 1934 by Habib Bourguiba and a section of active former members of the Dustour movement. France granted Tunisia internal self-government in September 1955 and full independence on 20 March 1956. Five days later elections were held for a Constitutional Assembly, which met in April and appointed Bourguiba as Prime Minister in a Government dominated by members of the Neo-Dustour Party. Disagreement over government policy regarding the Gulf crisis was the apparent cause of the replacement, in late August, of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ismail Khelil, by Habib Boulares. In September the Government announced that it would comply with the resolutions of the UN Security Council concerning Iraq, including the imposition of a trade embargo. Relations with the other countries of the Maghreb improved considerably in the 1980s. A meeting between President Bourguiba and President Chadli of Algeria in March 1983 led to the drafting of the Maghreb Fraternity and Co-operation Treaty, which envisaged the eventual creation of a Greater Maghreb Union, and was signed by Mauritania in December 1983.

43. Tunisia - Culture, History, Economy, Trade, Government, Tourism, Media Tunisian banks, music, tourism, press, radio and TV, chat, sports. http://www.arab.de/arab/Arab_Countries/Tunisia/

www.arab.de September 2005 Tunisia related web sites Add your Site Modify URL What's New? What's Cool? ... Home Page Sponsored Link Arab! Business-Link - Succeed in marketing your products and services effectively... Get your company listed on ARAB! See Your Ad Here... Pages: Background Note Tunisia Country profile, history, economy, government and political conditions ( Hits: 975 Rating: 6.00 Votes: 2) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Carthage Town hall Administratifs services in Carthage located in Tunisia, region and practical guide ( Hits: 282 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Changement - Tunisian site Culture, Economy, Women (French) ( Hits: 943 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Encarta Encyclopedia - Tunisia Land and Resources, Population, Economy, Government, History ( Hits: 952 Rating: 8.50 Votes: 2) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Libya and Tunisia By the Canadian embassy in Tunisia, includes consular services, visas and immigration, trade commissioner Service ( Hits: 318 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It

44. Country History – Tunisia The republic of tunisia achieved independence from France on 20 March 1956.Its history, however, is one of occupation – by the Phoenicians, the Romans, http://africanhistory.about.com/od/tunisia/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help African History Region: North Africa Tunisia Homework Help African History Essentials A Gazetteer of African Independence ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the African History newsletter! See Online Courses Search African History Tunisia The republic of Tunisia achieved independence from France on 20 March 1956. Its history, however, is one of occupation – by the Phoenicians, the Romans, Byzantine, Arab, and Ottoman empires, and then by the French in 1883. It was also briefly under Axis control during World War II. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Background Notes: Tunisia A useful potted history is included with these US Department of State Background Notes on Tunisia. Also included is a range of political, economic, and geographical data, as well as information on its people, defence, and relations with the US. Tunisia History from Lonely Planet A quirky, colloquial presentation of Tunisia’s history presented by LonelyPlanet.com. Makes awfully good reading and may galvanise your interest in Africa’s regional history. Not only suitable for travellers.

45. Welcome To The Country Pages: Tunisia Site with information and statistics on tunisia s history, government, society, Travel site including information on tunisia s history and government, http://www.cies.org/country/tunisia.htm

What a difference a Fulbright makes [Viewbook.PDF] Welcome to the Country Pages Tunisia Embassies Maps General Universities/Education ... CIES Contacts Photo courtesy of Manfred Leiter. Tunisia is considered to be one of the most liberal nations in the Islamic world, especially in terms of the rights accorded to women. The country has been influenced throughout its history by waves of immigrants - primarily Phonecian, Arab, Berber, African, Turkish, and European giving rise to a unique Tunisian culture. The official language of Tunisia is Arabic, although the use of French is widespread, reflecting the country's French colonial history. A number of international festivals are held annually in Tunisia, celebrating music, dancing, film, and history. In addition, numerous archaeological sites and museums are located throughout the country, including ruins at the ancient Roman city of Carthage. The prestigious Bardo Museum in Tunis houses an impressive collection of Tunisia's world-renowned mosaics. Photo courtesy of Manfred Leiter.

46. Tunisia Country Guide - History And Government - World Travel Guide Provided By World Travel Guide tunisia - Overview, Visa and Passport requirements, vacationadvice, holiday guide, international travel, travel agent, business trip, http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/tun/tun580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Africa/Tunisia/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Tunisia hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Tunisia Tunisia History and Government History: Modern-day Tunisia was the centre of the Carthaginian civilisation, which challenged the dominance of both the Greek and Roman empires in the Mediterranean between the 6th and 1st centuries BC; Carthage itself was approximately 16km (10 miles) north of the present capital, Tunis. During the colonial era, Tunisia was ruled by a hereditary monarchy, until the French made the country a protectorate in 1883. Nationalist pressure for independence began in 1934, with the formation of the Néo-Destour (New Constitution) Party (NDP) under the leadership of Habib Bourguiba. Internal self-government was granted in 1955; independence as a constitutional monarchy under the Bey of Tunis came a year later. In 1957, the Bey was overthrown and a republic proclaimed, with Bourguiba as president. Despite independence, the French insisted on holding onto a naval base at Bizerta, on the northern coast. This was lost in 1963, after a naval blockade by the Tunisians and several months of heavy fighting. The ruling

47. A History Of Modern Tunisia - Cambridge University Press The first Englishlanguage history of modern tunisia. • Comprehensive, informedaccount from French colonial period to present day, touching on politics, http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521811244

48. A History Of Modern Tunisia - Cambridge University Press tunisiahistory19th century; tunisiahistory20th century. Library of CongressRecord. A history of Modern tunisia. Kenneth Perkins http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521811244&ss=exc

49. A Virtual Travel To Tunisia - Destination Tunis Official web sites of tunisia, the capital of tunisia, art, culture, history,cities, airlines, embassies, tourist boards and newspapers. http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/tunisia.htm

Advertise here One World - Nations Online the countries of the world Home Continents Africa Tunisia Destination Tunisia, a virtual travel guide to Tunisia. This page aims to give you a broad overview of Tunisia's art, culture, people, environment, geography, history, economy and government. Beside a country profile with facts and figures, the page contains links to sources which provide you with all the information you need to know about this North African nation, e.g.: official web sites of Tunisia, addresses of Tunisia and foreign embassies, domestic airlines, city- and country guides with extensive travel and tourism information on accomodation, tourist attractions, events and more like weather information, maps, statistics and local newspapers from Tunisia. Official Sites Map News Culture ... Additional Links Tunisia Country Profile Flag of Tunisia Background: Following independence from France in 1956, President Habib BOURGIUBA established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In recent years, Tunisia has taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its foreign relations. Domestically, it has sought to diffuse rising pressure for a more open political society. (Source: CIA - The World Factbook) Tunisia is a member state of the League of Arab States border countries: Algeria Libya Official Name: Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah short form: Tunis int'l long form: Tunisian Republic

50. Art History Tunisia - History Of Art Tunisia - Art History Tunisia In Ottoman Em Information regarding Art history in ancient Ottoman Empire. http://www.easterncorner.com/Tunisia.htm

History of Tunisia in Ottoman Times Officially Republic of Tunisia was a member of Ottoman Empire since 16th century until 1830's. This country of North Africa , Tunisia is strategically important in the Mediterranean region, where its location and ease of access have made it vulnerable to virtually every historical influence in the area. It is bounded by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east and north. It has an area of 63,378 square miles (164,150 square km); the capital is Tunis . With its more than 800 miles (1,300 km) of coastline, Tunisia has often been compared to the hull of a ship, solidly moored on the continent but also freely washed by the waves; in consequence, its destiny, as its leaders never tire of repeating, is at once Mediterranean and Maghrebian. Because the Maghreb constitutes a single geographic entity, the largely undemarcated boundaries separating Tunisia from Libya and Algeria do not assume the form of any natural barrier but, rather, have been shaped by the vicissitudes of history. Tunisia's strategic importance was the reason for the conquest of Ottomans. A small state with limited resources, Tunisia nonetheless managed a considerable autonomy within the framework of larger empires ruled from afar. This status was achieved, for example, under the Abbasids in the 9th century and later under the Ottomans. Although Ottoman administration is good , expanding European power changed the status of Tunisia. Tunisia's geographic and historical legacy helped prepare it for the shocks it received in the 19th century as a land caught between an expanding Europe and a declining Ottoman Empire. Yet Tunisia proved to be as vulnerable economically as it was militarily.

51. DJERBA - TUNISIA'S ISLE OF FORGETFULNESS Africa Travel Magazine's description of the island, its inhabitants, customs, food, and history. http://www.africa-ata.org/tunisa2.htm

Egypt Pharaohs lure tourists Wonders of Egypt Tunisia Djerba by Habeeb Salloum Tourism Intro Morocco photo gallery About Morocco Accommodation ATA Registration ATA Air fares ... Transportation Tourism Destinations Agadir Casablanca Essouira Marrakech Moulay - Idriss Rabat Volubilis Other Cities DJERBA - TUNISIA'S ISLE OF FORGETFULNESS Photos and story by Habeeb Salloum No different from Ulysses, who some authors have described as Djerba's first tourist, a traveler will find the people of this Tunisian isle friendly and hospitable. From the first day of a visit, the delightful charms of Djerba (also spelled Jerba) will hold most travelers spellbound. Why this island, which travelers have labeled, 'Isle of Forgetfulness', holds visitors under its spell, is virtually unexplainable. A great many attribute it to its magic halo - a combination of a clear-blue sky, shining white houses, clean and well-kept towns, tree-covered countryside and warm, yet not too hot climate. Whatever the case, a good number of travelers go into raptures when describing this island - made famous by Ulysses. Photo: Villas amongst the palms, Djerba

52. BikeAbout: Tunisia Sites On The 'Net ArabNet tunisia Government, history, geography, transportation, culture anddescriptions of tunisia s major cities. Destination tunisia Historical http://www.bikeabout.org/resource/tunisia.htm

About Tunisia Official Name: Republic of Tunisia (Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah) Location: Tunisia is located along the north African Mediterranean coast, between Algeria, which is to its south and west, and Libya, which is to the south and east. It is separated from Sicily, Italy by 137 km (85 mi). Land Area: 155,360 sq km (59,969 sq mi). Coast: 1,148 km (713 mi) of coast, not counting the islands. Climate: Population: Language: Most Tunisians are bilingual, speaking Arabic the official language and the language of education and government and some French. Spoken Tunisian Arabic is very similar to spoken Moroccan Arabic. Religion: Islam is the official religion of Tunisia, accounting for about 98% of the population. That said, there are still Roman Catholic and Jewish communities in Tunisia. Government: Tunisia is a presidential republic with a constitution that was first approved in 1959. Since the presidential and legislative election of 1989, Tunisia has had a directly elected President and, following the legislative elections of 1994, the 163-seat Chamber of Deputies became, for the first time, a pluralist assembly representing five different parties. Executive (President or King): President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali Capital: Tunis Flag: Currency: The Tunisian currency is the Dinar (TD) which is divided into 1000 millimes or mills. There are 5, 10 and 20 Dinar bills and 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 mill coins, topped by the 1 Dinar coin. It is illegal to import or export Dinars from Tunisia. The exchange rate for the period of the BikeAbout visit is approximately 1 TD for every $1.

53. Abou Nawas Hotels - Tunisia - History history of tunisia. A rich cultural heritage Never any African country was consumedby as much covetousness as was tunisia. http://www.abounawas.com/en/tunisie/histoire.htm

- Visit a Hotel - -Business- Tunis ***** El Mechtel **** Gammarth ***** Sfax **** Resorts Hammamet **** Diar El Andalous ***** Nejma **** Boujaafar **** Djerba **** Golf Djerba **** Tozeur **** -Clubs- Alhambra Monastir Cap Mahdia El Borj Montazah Tabarka Tunisia attracts you? History Geography Gastronomy Culture Tourism History of Tunisia A rich cultural heritage Never any African country was consumed by as much covetousness as was Tunisia. The most Tunisian Towns are old Phoenician counters, heritages of Greek or Roman towns, or Arab medinas as well. The Amphitheaters, thermae, odeums, Coliseums, witness the glory of an emperor and of a civilization. But beyond the triumph of the ancient times, the Arab architects had known how to show the genius of their arts: The great mosque of Kairouan is a splendid example of this art. Utique would be the most ancient counter, dating from the 1.100 before J.C, it became later a roman city. We acknowledge its thermae with mosaic floor. The Dougga town still rises proudly on its hill. Around the temple erected in honor of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva lies down the forum, with its Punic mausoleum and further its thermae, it's a theatre of 3.500 seat which relives every summer. As for El Jem Coliseum, it's quite as good as the Rome one: Where 35.000 spectators can take seats. The mosaic of the palace are dedicated to Dyonisos or Bacchus.

54. 1World2travel - Tunisia - History & People - Index Habib Bourgiba was onmiskenbaar de belangrijkste staatsman van Tunesië. http://www.1world2travel.com/article.php?articleID=1563

55. ÿþ Html Head Title WHKMLA Timelines History Of ÿþ html head title WHKMLA Timelines history of tunisia / title META name = keywords keyword = Tunis ! http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/northafrica/tltunisia.html

WHKMLA : Timelines : History of Tunisia Tunisia Index Page First posted on March 11th 2005 <!-- google_ad_client = "pub-0213752126925919"; google_alternate_color = "FFFFE1"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; google_ad_channel ="4814426207"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_color_border = "FF3300"; google_color_bg = "FFFFE1"; google_color_link = "0000CC"; google_color_url = "008000"; google_color_text = "6F6F6F"; //--> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> Timeline : Tunisia Begin of the Husseinic Dynasty (until 1957) Rule of Ahmad Bey, reform policy

56. WHKMLA : History Of Tunisia, ToC Global Currency history tunisia; Tables of Modern Monetary history Africa,from www.dollarization.org, scroll down for tunisia http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/northafrica/xtunisia.html

Algeria Libya First posted on July 4th 2002, last revised on September 20th 2005 Timeline : Tunisia List of Wars, Tunisia EXTERNAL FILES CIA World Factbook : Tunisia ; BBC Country Profile : Tunisia ; World Reference Desk : Tunisia Tunisia Page, from African Studies at UPenn Virtual Library History : Tunisia Encyclopedia of the Orient : Tunisia History of Tunisia, from Group Travels ; from World Rover Timeline, from timelines.ws ; from Tunisia Online ; from Focus on Tunisia Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Tunisia, from Kirken i Norge Political Resources on the Net : Tunisia For the Record : Tunisia , from UN Human Rights System Languages of Tunisia (8), from Ethnologue Wars of Tunisia, 1800-1999, from ACED Article Tunisia, from EB 1911 ; Article Tunis, from Catholic Encyclopedia , 1912 edition Global Currency History : Tunisia ; Tables of Modern Monetary History : Africa, from www.dollarization.org , scroll down for Tunisia Virtual Jewish History Tour : Tunisia, from Jewish Virtual Library German P.O.W.s held in Tunisia, from Kriegsgefangen.de

57. Maps Of Tunisia. Buy Maps Of Tunisia Map Maps of tunisia road maps, walking maps, street maps and atlases from Maps Paperback, 128pp) This guide introduces the reader to tunisia s history, http://www.mapsworldwide.com/maps_of_tunisia_199s0.htm

Tunisia travel Maps of Tunisia buy online home faq contact us shopping cart ... checkout now Search Mapsworldwide view cart back to last item Maps of Tunisia Items 1 to 19 of 19 AA Essential Tunisia (AA Publishing, Paperback, 128pp, 192 x 105mm, 70 colour photographs and maps) Essential travel guides are one of the world's best selling travel guide series. Includes details of all the sites to visit, superb maps and tips on fitting into the local scene. ... Explorer: Tunisia (AA Publishing, Paperback, 208pp, 219 x 130mm) The Explorer Guides have a separate folded map, and each guide gives you the essence of the place today - local life, local issues, local people. The guide contains an extensive A ... Footprint: Tunisia Handbook (Footprint Handbooks, Paperback, 499pp, 210 x 124mm) Tunisia is compact in area, and varied in scenery and landscape. This updated handbook, containing background and travel information, is a comprehensive guide for all visitors.... Footprint: Tunisia Handbook (Footprint Handbooks, Hardback, 572pp, 182 x 111mm, 96 maps) Tunisia is compact in area, intriguingly exotic and varied in scenery and landscape. This handbook, written by the same team who produced the "Morocco Handbook", is a comprehensive...

58. The Country & People Of Tunisia tunisia OnLine history, government, society, economy, culture, women, tourism, About tunisia * Business * Culture * Education * history * Media http://www.hejleh.com/countries/tunisia.html

Special Arab Files This page contains links to sites in Tunisia and Tunisia related sites. For Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information visit Arab Countries Web hejleh.com Tunisia, Fr. Tunisie, officially Republic of Tunisia, republic (1995 est. pop. 8,880,000), 63,378 sq mi (164,150 sq km), NW Africa, bordered by Algeria (W), the Mediterranean Sea (N and E), and Libya (SE). Tunis is the capital. The Atlas Mountains in the north form a dry plateau that merges with fertile plains near the coast; in the south, below the Chott Djerid and other salt lakes, stretches the Sahara desert. The irregular coastline has several fine harbors. Agriculture, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing are all important to the economy. Wheat, barley, grapes, olives, sugar beets, citrus fruits, and dates are the leading crops, and petroleum and phosphates are the principal minerals. Manufactured goods include textiles, steel, and processed food. The population is largely Berber and Arab, and Islam is the dominant religion. Arabic is the official language, although French is widely spoken. History Settled in the 12th cent. BC by Phoenicians, Tunisia became (6th cent. BC) the center of the powerful city-state of Carthage, which was destroyed by Rome in 146 BC Taken by the Vandals (5th cent. AD) and the Byzantines (6th cent.), the Arabs conquered Tunisia in the 7th cent., and the Berber population was converted to Islam. The area came under a succession of Muslim rulers, reaching its peak under the Berber Hafsid dynasty (1230–1574). In the late 16th cent. Tunisia was seized by the Ottoman Turks, and as one of the Barbary States it became a stronghold of pirates, on whom the treasury depended for several centuries. European intervention began in the 19th cent., and in 1881 Tunisia became a French protectorate. Nationalist agitation, which first surfaced in the 1920s, became intense after World War II, and independence was achieved in 1956.

59. Second Life Books: Results For TUNISIA - HISTORY : Education, Gay, history, Horticulture, Husbandry, Illustrated Books, Incunable,Indians tunisia history. CARTHAGE A MOSAIC OF ANCIENT tunisia. http://www.secondlifebooks.com/cgi-bin/secondlife/view/keywords/TUNISIA - HISTOR

New Feature! Receive notification of new arrivals! Email Category Abolition Agriculture Americana Art Beats Black Cookery Courtesy Crime Economics Education Gay History Horticulture Husbandry Illustrated Books Incunable Indians Judaica Juveniles Law Literature Music New Arrivals Occult Politics Press Reform Shaker Signed Slavery Technical Temperance Theater Travel Veterinary Medicine Woman Suffrage Women TUNISIA - HISTORY CARTHAGE: A MOSAIC OF ANCIENT TUNISIA. - BEN KHADER, Aicha Ben Abed. Site Map Contact Us Privacy powered by Bibliopolis

60. Tunisia's History Line of the opposition to Parliament, for the first time in the history of independenttunisia. tunisia s history Line Useful Phrases Thalassotherapy http://www.mizyana.com/HistoryLine.htm

IN ASSOCIATION WITH History Line 814 BC Foundation of Qart Hadasht (Carthage) by Phoenician Queen Dido, followed by the establishment of key trading posts, like Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerta), Utica (Utique) and Hadrumete (Sousse). 480 BC Carthage becoming more independent from the Phoenician homeland in Tyre after the latter defeated to the Greeks in the battle of Himera in Sicily. 310 BC Greek invasion, resulting in even more weakening and the partial destruction of Carthage. 263 BC The start of the three Punic Wars against Rome, marked by the elephant-mounted expedition by Hannibal across the Alps (218-202 BC). 146 BC The end of the Punic Wars, Carthage is destroyed, and establishment of the first Roman Colony, Africa, and its attachment to the Roman Empire. 105 BC The Roman settlers defeat Jugurtha and North-Africa was named Africa Proconsularis. 44 BC Re-prosperity of North-Africa economically growth, mainly in agriculture with grain and later olive oil. The Roman Empire becomes officially Christian.

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