41. Background Notes Archive - Africa primarily descending from the earliest settlers and the indigenous peoples . HISTORY People have inhabited Southern africa for thousands of years. http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/southafrica9411.html

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42. Bantu Peoples --  Encyclopædia Britannica The Bantuspeaking peoples—the tswana, the Kgalagadi, and the Herero—are relative indigenous peoples Compilation of links to articles and essays on http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9013220

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Bantu peoples Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Bantu peoples Page 1 of 1 the approximately 85 million speakers of the more than 500 distinct languages of the Bantu Bantu peoples... (75 of 257 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Bantu peoples."

43. Bophuthatswana (from SOUTH AFRICA) --  Encyclopædia Britannica Bophuthatswana (from SOUTH africa) The republic of Bophuthatswana consists of the indigenous peoples, whether living in states or smallscale societies. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-91287

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Introduction The Republic The Republic. Bophuthatswana Ciskei Transkei Venda The Homelands. ... Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products SOUTH AFRICA Page 3 of 7 Bophuthatswana The republic of Bophuthatswana consists of seven discontinuous, landlocked geographic units, entirely surrounded by South Africa except for one unit that borders Botswana on the northwest. Area: 44,000 sq km (16,988 sq mi). Pop. (1993 est.): 2,564,000. Cap.: Mmabatho. Monetary unit: South African rand. President in 1993, Kgosi (Chief) Lucas Mangope. SOUTH AFRICA...

44. South African Languages | Khoesan Languages Internet Links Ethnologue South africa PANSALB Kuru Family of Organisations indigenous peoples of africa Coordinating Committee (IPACC) http://www.cyberserv.co.za/users/~jako/lang/khoesan.htm

KHOE (KHOI), NAMA AND SAN According to legislation the Pan South African Language Board established by national legislation must— (a) promote, and create conditions for, the development and use of— (i) all official languages; (ii) the Khoi, Nama and San languages ; and (iii) sign language ; and (b) promote and ensure respect for— (i) all languages commonly used by communities in South Africa, including German, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Portuguese, Tamil, Telegu and Urdu; and (ii) Arabic, Hebrew, Sanskrit and other languages used for religious purposes in South Africa. FROM: South African Constitution (1996) - Founding Provisions !XÛ / !KUNG / KUNG / XU / VASAKELA Family: Khoesan Group: Ju or Northern Khoesan Subgroup: not applicable Number of speakers: 3 500 (Crawhall, Nigel 2000) KHOEKHOEGOWAP / KHOI / HOTTENTOTS / NAMA / NAMAN / NAMAKWA / NAMAQUA / DAMA / DAMARA / DAMAQUA / TAMA / TAMMA / TAMAKWA / KHOEKHOE / BERDAMA / BERGDAMARA / KHOI Family: Khoesan Group: Central or Khoe Subgroup: Khoekhoe There are two extinct South African languages from the same family and subgroup, these being Xirigowap and !Goragowap, known in English as Griqua and Korana respectively. It is possible that there are isolated unidentified individuals who still speak these languages as an L1. There are no communities who speak these extinct languages.Khoekhoegowap is an ancient language, related to others from its family, such as Naro to the east and Khwedam to the north. However Khoekhoegowap is distinct and not mutually intelligible.

45. S Augestad , Sidsel. — The Inconvenient Indigenous. Remote Area Development Uppsala, Nordic africa Institute, 2001, 266 p., index, biblio. The relevanceof the concept of ethnicity and of “indigenous peoples” (ips) is made by http://etudesafricaines.revues.org/document4802.html

Cahiers d'©tudes africaines chronique bibliographique Recension John R. Campbell S augestad , Sidsel. — The Inconvenient Indigenous. Remote Area Development in Botswana, Donor Assistance, and the First People of the Kalahari . Uppsala, Nordic Africa Institute, 2001, 266 p., index, biblio. T his is a carefully considered and well-written anthropological analysis of an evolving relationship between the government of Botswana, the Norwegian Agency for International Development ( norad )—the principal donor—, and a diverse group of peoples (and aid recipients) referred to as Bushman/Basarwa/San (by outsiders, including the dominant Tswana ethnic group) or as the “First People of the Kalahari” (by indigenous political spokesmen). The book examines assistance to the San provided under the Bushman Development Programme (1974-1977) and its successor the Remote Area Development Programme (radp). The name change reflects a substantive change of focus from a concern to meet the needs of “Bushmen” into a general welfare program aimed at the rural poor or “Remote Area Dwellers”. The author was attached to the program as a “ norad Expert” in the early 1990s.

46. The National Question In Post 1994 South Africa. A.N.C. 1997 The indigenous people were ruled as a conquered and colonised people. On thehighveld were the baPedi kingdom, the tswana and southern Sotho Kingdoms. http://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/anc/1997/national-question.htm

A.N.C. 1997 The National Question in Post 1994 South Africa. Written : by Z. Pallo Jordan. Cape Town. August 1997. Transcribed : by Ayanda Madyibi Comrade President Mandela has often remarked that we should not behave as if we are dealing with an enemy whom we defeated on the battlefield. Implicit in this warning is that the enemy is still strong and might well have un-exhausted reserves of power and energy that he could marshal against us. It is in this context that I want to locate the national question in the post April 1994 period, focussing specifically on the issues of uprooting the institutions of Colonialism of a Special Type (CST), on the issue of Ethnicity and Culture; and on Affirmative Action. Some Comparative Comments. Despite their unfinished character, both these movements were nonetheless victories. And the significance of their achievements is not diminished by the concessions that had to be accepted or that were foisted upon them. Virtually all the liberation movements that attained success after 1947, including our own, have been forced to make compromises at the point of victory. National liberation has rarely come in the form that the movement sought. Consequently, the terrain on which the successful movement has to manoeuvre after victory is not necessarily all of its own choosing or making. April 27 1994 will remain a very significant day in South African history, but in reality it merely marks a high point in a continuing process. In that ongoing process there will be moments of rapid advance, but there will also be the need, sometimes, to retreat. Retreating does not mean conceding defeat, it is most often a tactical manoeuvre undertaken to put off till a more opportune time, action one would have preferred to take in the present.

47. Trinicenter.com - The Pillage Of Africa The benefits that have accrued to the indigenous peoples from the five centuries of South africa still has immense gold riches, but the great mining http://www.trinicenter.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1070

48. TRC- S5-Black South Africa's Political Traditions of black unity had already emerged as an ideal amongst indigenous peoples . Early whites regarded the indigenous African population of the country as http://www.ifp.org.za/Archive/trc/trc515.htm

BLACK SOUTH AFRICA'S POLITICAL TRADITIONS By the middle of the nineteenth century the Kingdoms of Swaziland, KwaZulu and Lesotho had already come to the realisation that continued warfare between them was destructive. King Moshoeshoe I had sent peace emissaries to King Mpande, and King Sobhuza I did likewise. There was common recognition that the growth of Kingdoms by the process of conquest could not be continued indefinitely and that there was a need for clearly defined foreign relations between the then established Kingdoms. Black leadership in the country, after the Act of Union, accepted the need for black political unity both because of the newly formed unity between whites and because the cause of black unity had already emerged as an ideal amongst indigenous peoples. The country's black leaders at the time of the Act of Union had discarded warfare as a prime mechanism of political expansion or as a mechanism best designed to maintain territorial political integrity. The Bambatha Rebellion of 1906 must be seen as the last attempt by black South Africa to throw off the yoke of oppression through revolutionary violence. They had to face the reality of the white presence in the country and they had to face the reality of the fact that this white presence had destroyed the boundaries of existing black Kingdoms. They recognised that these boundaries would never be re-established and they recognised the fact that a new multi-racial South Africa had come into existence. They recognised that blacks had either to drive the white man into the sea and reclaim the country as their own, or they had to be participants in the new reality and accept the fact that the country was destined to be a multi-racial state.

49. The Probert Encyclopaedia - People And Peoples (T-V) The Tasaday are an indigenous people of the rainforests of Mindanao in the African industries. The tswana language belongs to the Bantu branch of the http://www.fas.org/news/reference/probert/CE.HTM

People and Peoples (T-V) T. J. Jarvis T J Jarvis was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of North Carolina from 1879 until 1885. T. R. Caldwell T R Caldwell was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of North Carolina from 1871 until 1874. T. T. Geer T T Geer was an American politician. He was a Republican governor of Oregon from 1899 until 1903. T.G. Finkbinder T.G Finkbinder is an actor. T.K. Carter T.K Carter is an actor. T.P. McKenna T.P McKenna is an actor. Taanguts The Tanguts are a nomadic, pastoral Tibetan people of the Kan-su province of China Tab Hunter Tab Hunter is an actor. He was born in 1931. Tacunas see " Ticunas Taffy OConnell Taffy OConnell is an actress. Tagalog The Tagalog are the majority ethnic group living around Manila on the island of Luzon , in the Philippines , who number about 10 million. The Tagalog live by fishing and trading. In its standardized form, known as Pilipino, Tagalog is the official language of the Philippines, and belongs to the Western branch of the Austronesian family. The Tagalog religion is a mixture of animism, Christianity, and Islam.

50. Security Brief - African Security Review Vol 11 No 2, 2002 africa Company, much to the chagrin of the Batswana (one of the tswana ethnic The UN special rapporteur on indigenous people, Rodolfo Stavenhagen, http://www.iss.org.za/PUBS/ASR/11No2/SecurityBrief.html

SECURITY BRIEF edited by Richard Cornwell Published in African Security Review Vol 11 No 2, 2002 THE SAN: SOUTHERN AFRICA'S FORGOTTEN PEOPLE Recent reports from Botswana indicate that the current government is now using all means to force the last remaining San out of the CKGR. It was reported on 18 February 2002 that Botswana officials had turned off essential water supplies to the San. According to the government, this became necessary because government-sanctioned cattle ranching had lowered the water table, depriving the San of natural water. The government, in its defence, claims that the relocation of the San from the CKGR is essential in order for them to have access to sustainable state services such as health care and formal education. This is because the government insists that it cannot currently afford to provide water and other services to the San communities in the reserve even though it costs only US$3 per person per week. The position taken by the Botswana government seems even more baffling if one considers the fact that it turned down an offer by the European Union (EU) to cover the cost of keeping the San in the CKGR. This offer was to form part of the CKGR Management Plan that was signed by the Botswana government and the EU in 1996. One of the key provisions of this agreement was that the water supply to the San would not be turned off. It was on the basis of this assurance that the EU agreed to continue its long-standing support of conservation and management of wildlife resources in Botswana. The most important provision of this agreement (relating to the provision of services to San communities) would be rendered meaningless if, through the cutting off of services, these communities ceased to exist.

51. H-Net Review: Sylvain Guyot On South Africa's Environmental History: Cases And C Assessing and explaining the environmental crisis show how indigenous case study details the impacts of colonization on the tswana people of Kuruman. http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=267181082027015

52. South African Safaris And Tours | Private Game Reserves | Kruger National Park | by contrast, were the most warlike and fearless of the indigenous African people . Sotho, Venda, tswana, Tsonga, Pedi, Shangaan and Ndebele. http://www.tagasafaris.co.za/safaris-in-south-africa.htm

AN INVITATION TO THE RAINBOW NATION Urban delights A haven for wildlife A paradise for holidaymakers If you prefer to sample the playgrounds of the coasts, you'll find ocean-side resorts alive with every kind of attraction - from fine hotels to glamorous leisure centres, from fishing and sailing to superb surfing and board-sailing. Consider Durban with its wide, white beaches, its Golden Mile of non-stop entertainment and amusement, its enticing Indian markets and emporiums. Now contrast Cape Town - the scenic splendour of Table Mountain, the sophistication of its world-class shops and restaurants, and its rich history dating back to the 17th century. From heady nightlife to solitary beachcombing in secluded bays, South Africa's coastal resorts offer a welcome that ensures visitors keep returning. Echoes of the past A mere 20 minutes from Johannesburg's bustling modern metropolis, the Sterkfontein Caves provide an eerie sense of time standing still. Sterkfontein is a World Heritage Site where fossils have been found dating back to the era when mankind first walked upright. No visitor should miss the prolific rock art of the early San people, still preserved in caves where they first made their homes. South Africa's caves are a treasure-house of wonders: some with signs of human habitation dating back to the Stone Age; others with geological marvels such as stalactites and stalagmites.

53. INTRODUCTION SOUTH AFRICA (Huridocs Code 5458) 1. BACKGROUND DATA CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY Southern africa was originally inhabited by indigenouspeoples cultural groups including Zulu, Sotho, Xhosa and tswana peoples. http://www.law.qub.ac.uk/humanrts/emergency/safrica/saf1.htm

54. 100gogo Expedition Of Africa, Africa's Super Predators & Mammals Safari The modern African peoples are believed to have appeared about 100000 years ago in The other indigenous groups are all Bantuspeaking peoples, http://www.100gogo.com/africa/

Africa - The Birthplace of Modern Humans You either love it or hate it . . . Africa Map Click here to see large map Introduction Features of Africa Africa is the second-largest continent , after Asia, covering 30,330,000 sq km; about 22% of the total land area of the Earth. It measures about 8,000 km from north to south and about 7,360 km from east to west. The highest point on the continent is Mt. Kilimanjaro - Uhuru Point - (5,963 m/19,340 ft) in Tanzania. The lowest is Lake 'Asal (153 m/502 ft below sea level) in Djibouti. The Forests cover about one-fifth of the total land area of the continent. The Woodlands, bush lands, grasslands and thickets occupy about two-fifth. And the Deserts and their extended margins have the remaining two-fifths of African land. World's longest river : The River Nile drains north-eastern Africa, and, at 6,650 km (4,132 mi), is the longest river in the world. It is formed from the Blue Nile, which originates at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, and the White Nile, which originates at Lake Victoria. World's second largest lake : Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the is the world's second-largest freshwater lake - covering an area of 69,490 sq km (26,830 sq mi) and lies 1,130 m (3,720 ft) above sea level. Its greatest known depth is 82 m (270 ft).

55. BBC News | AFRICA | Medicinal Plant 'fights' Aids A South African indigenous medicinal plant may hold the key to the treatment of The tswana people know it as Mukakana for its power in treating http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/africa/newsid_1683000/1683259.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: World: Africa Front Page World ... AudioVideo SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Friday, 30 November, 2001, 08:49 GMT Medicinal plant 'fights' Aids Not just a pretty plant By Carolyn Dempster in Johannesburg A South African indigenous medicinal plant may hold the key to the treatment of millions of poor people living with HIV and Aids, helping them relieve the symptoms of Aids. For the first time in South Africa's medical history, the plant, Sutherlandia Frutescens, sub-species Microphylla, is to undergo clinical trials to assess its immune-boosting properties. We are certainly not making the absurd claim that Sutherlandia is a cure-all or a cure for Aids Dr Nigel Gericke Phyto Nova The Medical Research Council will conduct the trials early next year and results are expected within three to six months. Anecdotal evidence is already mounting, suggesting that this plant can improve the quality of life of thousands of people both with HIV and full-blown Aids. Sutherlandia Frutescens grows wild in the Western Cape and in the hills of Zululand.

56. SEPASAL Database Acanthosicyos Naudinianus (Sond.)C.Jeffrey [3 Wild or semicultivated forms used by indigenous peoples 1613 potable waterUsed by the indigenous peoples of south-western africa 1332 1507 http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/ceb/sepasal/acantho.htm

SEPASAL Database Acanthosicyos naudinianus (Sond.)C.Jeffrey Cucurbitaceae Fruit and leaves of Acanthosicyos naudinianus , Botswana (F.E.M. Cook) SYNONYMS Citrullus naudinianus (Sond.)Hook.f. Colocynthis naudinianus (Sond.)Kuntze Cucumis naudinianus Sond. VERNACULAR NAMES !Kung Bushmen (Africa, S.) - cha ; Afrikaans (South Africa)- gemsbok komkommer ; English - wild melon ; English (South Africa) - herero cucumber ; Kwangali (South Africa) - ruputui ; Lozi (Zambia) - lungwatanga ; Thonga (Mozambique) - sirakarana , chirakaraka ; Tswana (Botswana) - mokapana DISTRIBUTION Native - Angola, Mozambique , Zambia , Zimbabwe , Botswana , Cape Province, Namibia s.l. , Natal , Orange Free State, Transvaal. DESCRIPTORS DESCRIPTION Primary Producer; Terrestrial; Herb; Perennial; Prostrate/Procumbent/Semi-erect; Dioecious . Thorny/Spiny - unspecified parts. CLIMATE Subtropical, Hot and Arid SOILS Saline ; Sandy ; Dry. HABITAT Woodland , Grassland/Forb-Land , Wooded Grassland . Altitude 900-1350 m a.s.l. CHEMICAL ANALYSES Nutritional Analyses - infructescences , seeds , 'roots' ; Vitamin B1 (thiamine) - infructescences , 'roots' , Vitamin B2/Vitamin G (riboflavin) - infructescences , 'roots' , Vitamin B7/Vit. P-P (nicotinamide, nicotinic acid) - infructescences

57. | Hegemony And Culture In Historical Anthropology: A Review Essay On Jean And Jo In another example of the popular usage of culture, indigenous peoples confront First, they used their detailed ethnography of the tswana to promote a http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/108.2/merry.html

Review Essays Hegemony and Culture in Historical Anthropology: A Review Essay on Jean and John L. Comaroff's Of Revelation and Revolution SALLY ENGLE MERRY In the recent rapprochement between anthropology and history , one of the most important projects is Jean and John L. Comaroff's study of the colonial mission in South Africa. In this large, two-volume work spanning almost 200 years and over 700 pages, the Comaroffs tell the history of the colonial encounter on the South African frontier and detail its contemporary consequences. More a history of culture than a history of persons or events, this work presents the story of the changes in cultural meanings and practices taking place over time in a region of radical political, economic, and religious transformation. Although it begins from the role of the mission, the scope of the project extends into an exploration of changing conceptions of agriculture, money, healing, fashion, architecture, house furnishings, law, property, and subjectivity. This work contributes to the effort to expand the terrain of data and methods of historical analysis and to re-theorizing and historicizing culture. Within anthropology, they have been widely praised for breaking new ground theoretically as well as criticized for failing to present an adequate temporal and narrative account of historical change.

58. IRIN Africa Southern Africa BOTSWANA BOTSWANA Court Case To If the San are not recognised as Southern africa s indigenous inhabitants South africa s Constitutional Court ruled that indigenous people have land and http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=41957&SelectRegion=Southern_Africa

59. [Brandon Hamber] South African Court Rules: Indigenous Peoples Own Their Own Lan Brandon Hamber South African court rules indigenous peoples own their own land.Brandon Hamber mail@brandonhamber.com http://www.brandonhamber.com/pipermail/list_brandonhamber.com/2003-October/00006

[Brandon Hamber] South African court rules: indigenous peoples own their own land Brandon Hamber mail@brandonhamber.com Fri, 17 Oct 2003 13:35:36 +0100 (BST) Next message: [Brandon Hamber] The rollercoaster... Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] ... http://www.survival-international.org/sa_bushman_031015.htm For more information contact Miriam Ross on (+44) (0)20 7687 8734 or email mr@survival-international.org mail@brandonhamber.com Web: http://www.brandonhamber.com Want to chat instantly with your online friends? Get the FREE Yahoo! Messenger http://mail.messenger.yahoo.co.uk Next message: [Brandon Hamber] The rollercoaster... Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ]

60. PeaceNews #: Article Breakthrough for South africa s indigenous groups Five years ago a group ofindigenous people took the both the government and the mining company to http://www.peacenews.info/news/article/181

more news current news news archive write your own news Criteria for news stories PeaceNews editorial objectives How to help our news section all news by category Anti-war Antimilitarist Arms trade Conscientious objection ... Peace prisoners subscriptions how to subscribe subscription rates You are here: Frontpage News Breakthrough for South Africa's indigenous groups ... more Other  news >>> 22-Oct-2003 Breakthrough for South Africa's indigenous groups by: Sam Mwangi/Survival International South Africa: In October 2003, the constitutional court of South Africa ruled that a group of indigenous people had both communal land ownership and mineral rights over their ancestral land from which they were dispossessed in the early 1950s. The court case involved 3000 Rictersveld people who live in Northern Cape Province and are from the Nama subgroup of Khoikhoi peoples, who lived in the area until the 1950s when they were evicted to make way for diamond mine which is now owned by the South African government. Five years ago a group of indigenous people took the both the government and the mining company to court, claiming ownership rights over the 85,000 hectares of land and its resources, but they lost the case. However the latest decision by the constitutional court states that people who own land under unwritten law retain their rights despite other legal systems, which are subsequently imposed by the state.

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