81. The Status Of Tibet The turning point of tibet s history came in 1949, when the People s In the course of tibet s 2000year history, the country came under a degree of http://www.tibet.com/Status/statuslaw.html

The Status of Tibet The Tibetan Government-in-exile, headed by His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Tibet's exiled head of state and spiritual leader, has consistently held that Tibet has been under illegal Chinese occupation since China invaded the independent state in 1949/50. The People's Republic of China (PRC) insists that its relation with Tibet is purely an internal affairs, because Tibet is and has been for centuries an integral part of China. The question of Tibet's status is essentially a legal question, albeit one of immediate political relevance. The PRC makes no claim to sovereign rights over Tibet as a result of its military subjugation and occupation of Tibet following its armed invasion in 1949-50. Indeed, the PRC could hardly make that claim, since it categorically rejects as illegal claims to sovereignty put forward by other states based on conquest, occupation, or the imposition of unequal treaties. Instead, the PRC bases its claims to Tibet solely on the theory that Tibet became an integral part of China 700 year ago. Early History Although the history of the Tibetan state started in 127 B.C., with the establishment of the Yarlung Dynasty, the country as we know it was first unified in the 7th Century A.D., under King Songtsen Gampo and his successors. Tibet was one of the mightiest powers of Asia for the three centuries that followed, as a pillar inscription at the foot of the Potala Palace in Lhasa and Chinese Tang histories of the period confirm. A formal peace treat concluded between China and Tibet in 821/823 demarcated the borders between the two countries and ensured that, "Tibetans shall be happy in Tibet and Chinese shall be happy in China."

82. Violations Concerning The Content Of Education were taught only about Chinese history, with no reference to a tibetan history. Some also said that they were told that tibet had no history of its own http://www.tibet.com/Humanrights/EduToday/chap5.html

Violations concerning the content of education CHAPTER 5 A. DENIAL OF EDUCATION ON TIBETAN CULTURE Education's purpose is not only to teach a child reading, writing, calculation and some abstract academic knowledge. It should also enable the child to understand his or her cultural heritage so that the child can grow up to be a responsible member of his or her cultural group. The policy of population transfer by the PRC in Tibet, with the result that Tibetans have become a minority people in their own land, carries grave portents for the survival of the unique Tibetan culture. Tibetans are today outnumbered by Chinese in many urban areas of Tibet. Tibetan children growing up in a Chinese-dominated environment may not be aware that their country has not always looked like this: full of communist-style concrete apartment blocks, karaoke bars, statues of Mao Tse Tung and armed police. A particularly striking element of the children's testimonials was the extent to which they were simply unaware of Tibet, as a free country, and of Tibetan history, pre-1949. For many it came as an absolute shock to be told, only after reaching exile, that Tibet has not always been controlled by Chinese forces, that once they spoke only in Tibetan and openly worshipped the Dalai Lama. As a States Party to the CRC, the PRC's obligations to safeguard children's rights extends equally to the cultural rights of Tibetan children. The Committee on the Rights of the Child proposed to China, in its suggestions and recommendations, "to ensure that children in the Tibet Autonomous Region ... are guaranteed full opportunities to develop knowledge about their own language and culture...².48

83. Concise History Of Life In Exile -www.timesoftibet.com Times of tibet is an online news media, providing news on every aspect of tibet. http://www.timesoftibet.com/blogs/66/Concise-History-of-Life-in-Exile

Home Sponsors Scholarship Advertise ... Syndicate Site Menu View Blogs View Authors Become an Author Author Login ... My Articles Categories Community Events Culture Entertainment Interviews ... Urgent Action Search All Categories - Community Events - Culture - Entertainment - Interviews - News Article - News Photos - News Videos - Novel - Opinion - Poetry - Press Release - Reviews - Books - Movies - Music/CDs - Restaurants - Statement - Travel - Urgent Action Advanced Search Photo Gallery Although the weather was quite bad,around 250 people showed up for the demonstration held in New York Dec,10,04. Rally in front of Chinese Consulate, NY Jan 28 Silent Protest in Front of Rubin Museum March10,2005 Tibetan Uprising Day Sangso in New York on 4/25/05 Cartoon of the Week Tibet Search Home Blogs Bhuchung K Tsering View all blogs by Bhuchung K Tsering... Concise History of Life in Exile By Bhuchung K Tsering Concise History of Life in Exile I spent my Losar holidays in Minneapolis, where there is a sizable Tibetan population. It was encouraging to see the young Tibetans there actively participating in Tibetan cultural performances. I learn that young Tibetans vie with one another to be selected for a performance. Do-ngag la recalls “seeing” a Lhamak, which according to Tibetan belief is battle between spiritual forces aligned on different sides, in Chamdo, where his father was sent to serve the Governor there on the night of July 15, 1950.

84. Los Angeles Friends Of Tibet The incomplete and deceptive portrayal of tibet s history at the Bowers The deliberate omission at the exhibit, of tibet s history since the 1900s and http://www.latibet.org/Bowers/bowers-issue.htm

BOWERS UPDATE Issue Letters Press Coverage ... Summer 2003 Please consider a gift to LAFoT. Your support is appreciated now more than ever. Bowers Tibet Exhibit Update: Issues Raised by the Southern California Tibetan Community and Tibet Supporters with Suggested Corrective Action by Bowers Museum of Cultural Art. We, the Directors of the Tibetan Association of Southern California, Los Angeles Friends of Tibet and Orange County Friends of Tibet, and the elected Representative of Tibetans in North America to the Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile, call on Bowers Museum of Cultural Art, to address our serious concerns regarding the incomplete portrayal of Tibet's history at their exhibit called: "Tibet: Treasures from the Roof of The World," and the treatment of Tibetans and Americans involved with the exhibit. The following is a list of our issues and proposals to address them. The Southern California Tibetan community and supporters are deeply offended and condemn the disturbing conduct of certain Bowers Museum officials. Issue 1: The censorship and treatment of Tibetan monks, their American representatives, an American Guest curator of the exhibit, and the exhibit's docents.

85. The History Of Tibet - Books, Art & Antiques From Tibet - Books, Best Links And antique gallery ancient artefact antiques tibet nepal china asia art vietnam. http://www.1earth.com.au/antiques/tibet_history.html

History of Tibet Please - We donate profits to Chenrezig and direct to Dharamsala, India to the Tibetans in exile there. If you'd like to buy from Amazon in Europe, please click here, and enter the name of the book that you are looking for. Thank you very much. :) Ancient Wisdom, Living Tradition: The Spirit of Tibet in the Himalayas by Marcia Keegan, Lobsang Lhalungpa, Dalai Lama (Foreword) Hardcover (1998) ... Hardcover (1995) RARE AND EXCELLENT TEXT/IMAGE SOURCE BOOK This is an excellent source book on a rare topic. Very useful photo coverage on objects, deity figures, and cultural milieus for a pre-Buddhist shamanistic Tibetan religion The Central Philosophy of Tibet: A Study and Translation of Jey Tsong Khapa's 'Essence of True Eloquence' by Robert Thurman Paperback (1991) ... Paperback (1996) Summary of contents A rich blend of history, legend, poetry, adventure and romance, the Clear Mirror is a treasure-trove of the traditional narrative and folk wisdom of Tibet. It presents in full the often-cited but elusive accounts of the origins of the Tibetan people, and the coming of Avalokiteshvara, the patron deity of Tibet. Compiled in the year 1368 from earlier histories as well as a rich oral tradition, the text treats the era during which Buddhism came to Tibet, the city of Lhasa was established as the capital and the Jokhang and Ramoche shrines were founded.

86. Tibet Overland - Cycling In Tibet Ancient Tibetan history is a complex fabric woven from threads of myth and mystique. Recorded Tibetan history reveals two main periods beginning in http://www.tibetoverland.com/1_2a_history1.asp

Tibet Overview: History Ancient history 20th century Recent key events History books Ancient Tibetan history is a complex fabric woven from threads of myth and mystique. Recorded Tibetan history reveals two main periods beginning in approximately the first century AD. The first is the period of rule of the Tibetan monarchy until 1000AD, and the second is the period of Tibetan Buddhism , from 1000AD to the present. Whether the monarchy or religion provided the leaders of the state, wars within Tibet and with the neighbouring countries have been a fact of life throughout its lengthy history. The 20th century has been a period of enormous upheaval for the Tibetan population. Its years of relative isolation from the rest of the world, especially the West, were to end and its autonomy was to be lost. Colonel Francis Younghusband of the British army based in India entered Tibet by force from Sikkim in 1904. The British retained a small presence in Tibet until the mid 20th century. Rock sculptures near Drepung Monastery, Lhasa

87. Tibet, Tibet Information, Tibet Temples And Monasteries, Tibetan Plateau, Tibeta Tibetan history, culture and religion are mixed together and infiltrate every aspect of social life. Tibetan religious arts have a distinctive style with http://www.ecotrek.com.np/tibet/

Eco Trek Specialties Small Group, Ecologically Safe, Suited for the budget travelers, Well trained staff, Light Equipments, Highly reliable and personalized service. Home Travel Information Planning Preparation Hotels in Tibet ... Tibet Photo Gallery Tibet Tibet is a rich and beautiful land with an average altitude over 4,000m (13,120ft) above sea level. Possessing more than fifty peaks above7,000m (22,960ft), Tibet is home to eleven Himalayan mountains over 8,000m (26,240ft). China, India, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Burma and Kashmir all border Tibet. Over two million people inhabit this land of rich natural resources and ancient cultures. Home Trekking Tours Rafting ... Bhutan Tours P.O. Box: 6438 , Thamel, Kathmandu, Nepal Email: info@ecotrek.com.np Web: http://www.ecotrek.com.np

88. KSP: Tibetan History Project Aim To preserve Tibetan culture, history and provide learning material by publishing stories told by the Tibetan elders, before they are lost to new http://www.kangchenjunga.org/tibet.html

Home Overview Lelep Health ... Past Projects Tibetan History Project Aim: To preserve Tibetan culture, history and provide learning material by publishing stories told by the Tibetan elders, before they are lost to new generations. Assistance: Would like to volunteer your skills or time to help with this project, or provide some funds toward the publication of the books? Tibetan Books In 1995, the Kangchenjunga School Project constructed a school in Folay, the Tibetan refugee village on the main trekking trail to Kangchenjunga base camp. With funding from the Dalai Lama’s Tibetan government-in-exile and their Nepali funding arm, the Snow Lion Foundation, the Folay School has been able to provide Tibetan and English language instruction for children in the region. While the school is supplied with some books written in Nepali and English, however, there are very few texts in Tibetan for the children to study. This project aims to fill that gap with stories the children will find entertaining, meaningful and educational Cultural Preservation As more and more refugees leave Tibet, and as the Chinese government imports its education system, its ethnic nationals, and its own version of history into Tibet, traditional Tibetan culture is becoming increasingly diluted. As more trekkers and mountaineers wander into the Kanchenjunga region, its culture is also becoming increasingly westernized. With these powerful cultural forces pressing in on Kangchenjunga from all sides, we are afraid that the region’s own culture and history may become lost in the fray. The goal of all of the Kanchenjunga School Project’s programs has been to help the people of the Kangchenjunga region to work to preserve their culture in a sustainable manner.

89. Tibet Visual History Online tibet VISUAL history ONLINE Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford. http://www.visualtibet.org/

TIBET VISUAL HISTORY ONLINE Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford TIBET VISUAL HISTORY ONLINE Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford

90. China Tibet A Chinese perspective on the history, culture and religious life of tibet. http://www.tibet-china.org/indexE.html

91. Tibetan History We will separate the history of tibet into several periods; (A) prehistory In this last part about the history of tibet, I will talk about the most http://www.scripps.edu/~jianhanc/Tibet/TibetHistory.html

Original URL: http://omni.cc.purdue.edu/~wtv/tibet/history.html A SHORT HISTORY OF TIBET T.T.Moh* 1. Introduction 2. Records of early Han history 3. Dynasty (1) 4. Dynasty (2) ... References: (*)T.T.Moh, Professor of Department of Mathematics, Purdue University, a member of Tibet Study Association (formerly America-Tibet Association). He was invited to tour Tibet in 1988 with novelist Chen Jo-shi (Lucy Tuann) and essayist Dorothy Weissman by `All-China Union of Authors' Hyperlink to other pages Maps Pictures Tour Article News Home 1. Introduction We will separate the history of Tibet into several periods; (A) pre-history (pre-7th century), (B) dynasty, 7th century to 9th century, (C) feudal era, 10th century to 17th century, (D) reunification and part of Ching Dynasty, 17th century to 1911, (E) semi-independent, 1911-1951, (F) part of P.R. China, 1951 to present. Each era offers many fascinating stories. I shall try to recall as many as possible from memory. A) Pre-history: What is the origin of Tibetans? We shall examine two aspects of it; the Tibetan myth, the known facts from Han history records. (1) Tibetan myth: The Tibetan was the descendents of a male Monkey and a female Rock-demon. This was probably invented by outsiders when they witness the Tibetan custom of covering or painting their faces to protect themselves from harsh weather conditions. Later on, in the writing of the great 5th Dalai Lama, the story changed the Monkey to Avalokitesvara, a disciple of Buddha and known as GuanYin by Han people (Jiaga in Tibetan) as a goddess, the Venus of Han. Moreover, the Rock-demon became a goddess (Tara or Mother-savior, Jeo-Tuu Muu) in Buddhism). In fact, the great 5th Dalai Lama further claimed that the Tibetan King

92. China: Tibet & Other National Minority Issues From China Internet Information Center, a survey of tibet s history politics. China s tibet Online tibet and tibetans in PRC Government Websites http://newton.uor.edu/Departments&Programs/AsianStudiesDept/china-tibet.html

General Tibet Xinjiang Inner Mongolia General China's Forgotten Regions Ethnic Minorities From china.org.cn: summary facts about each of China's national minorities Exposing Chinese Government Propaganda Panel critiquing Chinese Communist government propaganda on Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Eastern Turkestan, & Taiwan at the "Exposing Chinese Government Influence in America" Conference (May 1999) National Minorities Policy and Its Practice in China White paper released by the Information Office of the State Council (June 2000) Naxi Manuscript Collection "ceremonial writings of the Naxi people of Yunnan Province [from] The Library of Congress's Naxi collection ... the largest outside of China": "185 manuscripts, a 39 1/2-foot funerary scroll and an annotated catalog of the entire collection" Regional Autonomy for Ethnic Minorities in China: Chinese English A government white paper (Feb. 2005)

93. HerboTibet - Learn About Tibet - History Of Tibet Legend says that tibetan history starts with a monkey and a siren. tibet Buddhism The golden period of tibetan history was during the 7th Century when http://www.herbotibet.com/learn/history/history.php

Affilates Distributors About Us Contact Us ... Site Map Need Assistance? Main Menu Home Products Solutions Library ... Prolong Learn Main History Culture Geography ... People Tibet's History Last Modified: March 24, 2004 12:58 PM PST History of Tibet Legend says that Tibetan history starts with a monkey and a siren. The siren managed to persuade the monkey to marry her and then they had 6 children. They are believed to be the ancestors of Tibetan people. Archeological and geological discoveries however suggest that Tibetans are descendents of aborigines and nomadic Qiang tribes. Tibetan history might be 2000 years old or older, however there are no historic records available. We can say that a line of kings belonging to the Yarlung dynasty ruled Tibet. The name of the first King was Nyatri Tsenpo who came around 127B.CE. The golden period of Tibetan history was during the 7th Century when Songtsen Gampo of the Yarlung Dynasty, united the whole country and established a politico religious tradition. During this period Tibetan script came into being and a cultural transformation took place. Buddhism started making inroads into Tibetan culture and lifestyle. The dynasty ended in 842 C.E, when the Lang Dharma, was assassinated by a Buddhist monk, owing to the king's persecution of Buddhism. The Dynasty collapsed and Tibet disintegrated into small principalities. For over 300 years the country was without a ruler. Buddhism divided into sects and sub sects, which debated with each other and sought to be dominant.

94. All Empires History Forum: Is Tibet A Part Of China??? The real problem is the lack of Tibetan history in education. If it were up to me Tibetan history would be taught just as importantly as the Chinese http://www.allempires.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=2852&get=last

95. A Tibetan History Lesson For China 4. A tibetan history lesson for China some Chinese campaigns against tibet as well as tibetan counterattacks. It was only toward the end of the 19th http://www.tibet.ca/en/wtnarchive/2003/7/28_4.html

World Tibet Network News Published by the Canada Tibet Committee Monday, July 28, 2003 4. A Tibetan history lesson for China The Japan Times Monday, July 28, 2003 By GEORGE SIORIS Special to The Japan Times CHIANG MAI, Thailand With India's recognition of the Tibet Autonomous Region as a part of China a corollary result of the recent talks in Beijing between Chinese and Indian leaders the region has ceased to be viewed as a historical buffer state between two Asian giants. This is of tremendous importance to all three parties concerned and to strategic balances in the heart of Asia as well. Tibet has been squeezed between these two great powers for centuries; now its tragic "liberation" of the '50s seems to have been acknowledged even by New Delhi in spite of the legacy of Pandit Nehru, who was always fearful of jeopardizing Tibet's crucial position as a buffer. Without intending to enter all aspects of the debate about the destiny of the roof of the world, I would like to focus on a historic angle. It's nothing spectacularly original, but a reminder of undisputed facts

96. Contemporary Tibetan History Exhibition Opens In London tibetan Government in exile, with the aim of presenting tibet s history and visions for its future mainly through texts, photographs and videos. It was http://www.tibet.ca/en/wtnarchive/2003/6/18_2.html

World Tibet Network News Published by the Canada Tibet Committee Wednesday, June 18, 2003 2. Contemporary Tibetan history exhibition opens in London 17 June, 2003 By Tsering Tashi (Office of Tibet, London) LONDON: A rare visual exhibition of contemporary Tibetan history sponsored by The Amaryllis Fleming Foundation and The Prince's Trust, UK, opened here yesterday at The Art Gallery at 32 Dover Street, amid the soothing chanting of Tibetan Buddhist prayers and performance of lively Tibetan songs and dances by the performing group of the Tibetan Community in UK. The exhibition will last until 27 June (Monday-Friday from 10 am to 6 pm and Saturday from 10 am to 5.30 pm). The exhibition titled "A Long Look Homeward - Beyond Borders," consists of photographs, detailed narrative text, and video clips of a journey through Tibet's history, including the Chinese invasion and occupation, as narrated by eleven members of the Tibetan community in exile. The personal stories, including those of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1989 for leading the non-violent Tibetan struggle for freedom

97. Central Eurasian Studies U483 This course will survey tibet s history from its earliest period up through the Students will become acquainted with several facets of tibet s history, http://www.indiana.edu/~ceus/u483.html

Central Eurasian Studies Introduction to the History of Tibet Catalog Number CEUS-U 483 Elliot Sperling This course will survey Tibet's history from its earliest period up through the present day. Students will become acquainted with several facets of Tibet's history, including the Tibetan empire of the 7th-9th centuries, the impact of Buddhism on Tibetan political and social structures, aspects of Tibet's relations with neighboring peoples, the development of the Dalai Lama's government, and the current issue of Tibet. This course has been approved for credit as a culture option course. Exams : Midterm and final for undergraduate and graduate students; graduate students will also be required to write a paper. Texts : Tsepon W.D. Shakabpa, Tibet. A Political History . Graduate Students will also be assigned additional articles to read from a list to be handed out during the first class.

98. AsiaSource: AsiaTODAY - A Resource Of The Asia Society Access resources on tibet from the Encyclopedia of Asian history. Entries written by Robert AF Thurman. General Information on tibet and tibetan history http://www.asiasource.org/news/at_mp_02.cfm?newsid=9321

99. Amnye Machen Institute - Tibet Studies To research the history, position and role of women in Tibetan society. NOTE Most studies of Tibetan history has to date tended to focus on Central http://www.amnyemachen.org/programm/tibet.html

tibet studies Visual Archives of Tibet Literature and Folklore Women's Studies The Arts Occupied Tibet Studies Tibetan History Cartographic Studies Urban, Settlement and Architectural Studies Visual Archives of Tibet To locate and acquire old photographs, negatives and movie footage of Tibet owned by Tibetan refugees, Nepalese, Bhutanese, Sikkimese, Ladakhis and others. To acquire copies of all recent films and TV broadcasts on Tibet and Tibetans. To acquire photographs on all aspects of Tibetan life in exile since 1959. To acquire copies of all old photographs and film footages of Tibet currently in the collection of institutions and individuals in Europe, USA, and other countries. To form a permanent repository of the above mentioned films and photographs where proper identification, cataloguing and scientific preservation of the collection can take place. For latest developments in this programme see Visual Archives and Film Reference Library . See also some samples of photographs Literature and Folklore To locate and identify all Tibetan writers.

100. Pennsylvania State Students For A Free Tibet Pennsylvania State University SFT in State College, PA. Includes history, members, and events. http://www.clubs.psu.edu/freetibet/

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