1. CARE USA Where The End Of Poverty Begins Mission, history, regional offices, news projects, how to get involved, careers, photo galleries, and virtual field trips. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. History Of Tajikistan History of Tajikistan In 1996 and 1997, Tajikistan attempted to join regional organizations that would improve its economic position. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Tajikistan Travel Trips of the other two main regional powers, China and constitution agreed between the government and the UTO (see History above), Tajikistan has http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. Tajikistan Country Guide - History And Government - World Travel Tajikistan Win A Canon Digital Camera Click Here Tajikistan. History and Government History The of the other two main regional powers http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Nations In Transit 2004 Electoral Process - Ratings History And NATIONS IN TRANSIT Electoral Process Ratings History and Regional Breakdown 1997 1998 19992000 2001 3.50 4.00 4.25 4.50 4.75 5.50 Tajikistan http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Nations In Transit 2004 Civil Society - Ratings History And NATIONS IN TRANSIT Civil Society Ratings History and Regional Breakdown 1997 1998 19992000 2001 4.00 3.75 4.00 4.00 4.25 4.50 Tajikistan 5.50 http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. The Politics Of History In Tajikistan The Politics of History in Tajikistan Reinventing the Samanids By Kirill Nourzhanov Regional elites involved in the confrontation began to http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

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11. Tajikistan History & Tajikistan Culture | IExplore tajikistan history The Tajiks come from an ancient stock – the inhabitants of the In recent years, the country has been badly hit by a regional drought, http://roughguides.iexplore.com/dmap/Tajikistan/History

Home Trip Finder Travel Guides Community ... My iExplore advertisement Home Travel Guides Middle East Tajikistan History E-mail this page Tajikistan Travel Guide View Trips to Tajikistan Browse Tajikistan Photos Read Tajikistan Journals Tajikistan Questions and Answers Find a Tajikistan Travel Buddy Middle East Overview Overview Tours Where to Go Activities ... Shopping Tajikistan History Sponsored Listings Add your listing adsonar_pid=3019;adsonar_ps=370666;adsonar_zw=540;adsonar_zh=220;adsonar_jv='ads.adsonar.com'; Alexandria Eskate (Alexandria the Furthest). However, the mountains effectively spared it from the Mongols, although it was under their aegis. Afghanistan Government Under the new constitution agreed between the government and the UTO (see History above), Tajikistan has an executive president who appoints a prime minister to lead a Council of Ministers. The legislature is the bicameral Majlisi Oli , which comprises the 63-member Assembly of Representatives elected by popular vote and the 33-member National Assembly, with 25 members elected by majlis deputies and 8 presidential appointees. Both houses serve a 5-year term.

12. Tajikistan Cultural Institutions - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natur In 1990 tajikistan had twentyseven museums, the fewest of any Soviet republic.Among the most notable are the Behzed Museum of history, regional Studies, http://www.photius.com/countries/tajikistan/society/tajikistan_society_cultural_

Country Ranks INDEX for Tajikistan History ... Feedback Tajikistan Cultural Institutions http://www.photius.com/countries/tajikistan/society/tajikistan_society_cultural_institution~11577.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to Tajikistan Society By the mid-1980s, more than 1,600 libraries were operating in Tajikistan. Of particular importance is the Firdavsi State Library, which houses a significant collection of Oriental manuscripts. In 1990 Tajikistan had twenty-seven museums, the fewest of any Soviet republic. Among the most notable are the Behzed Museum of History, Regional Studies, and Art, and the Ethnographic Museum of the Academy of Sciences, both in Dushanbe. There are also significant museums of history and regional studies in several of the republic's other cities. The republic had fourteen theaters in 1990. Only the three Baltic republics, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistanall with smaller populationshad fewer. The republic's film studio, since 1958 called Tadzhikfil'm, opened in Dushanbe in 1930. By the mid-1980s, it was producing seven or eight feature films and thirty documentaries per year for cinemas and television. The Soviet era saw the introduction of opera and ballet to Tajikistan, as well as the organization of Tajik-style song and dance troupes. Dushanbe's opera and ballet theater was the first large public building in the city; its construction began in 1939. Dushanbe also has theaters devoted to Tajik and Russian drama, as well as a drama school. There are theaters for music, musical comedy, and drama in several other Tajik cities as well.

13. Tajikistan Internal Security - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural R tajikistan Internal Security Flags, Maps, Economy, history, Climate, regional drug-control cooperation broke down after independence. http://www.photius.com/countries/tajikistan/national_security/tajikistan_nationa

Country Ranks INDEX for Tajikistan History ... Feedback Tajikistan Internal Security http://www.photius.com/countries/tajikistan/national_security/tajikistan_national_security_internal_security.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to Tajikistan National Security Preservation of internal security was impossible during the civil war, whose concomitant disorder promoted the activities of numerous illegal groups. Because of Tajikistan's location, the international narcotics trade found these conditions especially inviting in the early and mid-1990s. Security Organizations When Tajikistan was part of the Soviet Union, the republic's Committee for State Security (KGB) was an integral part of the Soviet-wide KGB. Neither the administration nor the majority of personnel were Tajik. When Tajikistan became independent, the organization was renamed the Committee of National Security and a Tajik, Alimjon Solehboyev, was put in charge. In 1995 the committee received full cabinet status as the Ministry of Security. Police powers are divided between the forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Security. The two most significant characteristics of the current system are the failure to observe the laws that are on the books in political cases and the penetration of the current regime by criminal elements.

14. Tajikistan Map And Information Page arrow tajikistan history here arrow tajikistan Tourism here arrow regional countryname definitions here! arrow The meaning of stan here! http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/tj.htm

Africa Antarctica Asia Australia/Oceania ... South America NOTE: All Asian pages are currently being revised, so check back often for new maps, and more. Facts and Figures Official Name Republic of Tajikistan Population Capital City Dushanbe (590,000) Languages Takik (official), Russian Official Currency Tajik Rouble Currency Converter here Religions Sunni Muslim, others Flag here Land Area 143,100 sq km (55,251 sq miles) Latitude/Longitude Contact Us Privacy Statement All maps, graphics and original descriptions created by Graphic Maps, a d/b/a of the Woolwine-Moen Group, unless otherwise noted and/or directly linked to the source, and use of same for any application whatsoever (with the exception of outline maps) requires written permission. CIA World Factbook , as well as numerous public domain reference materials. Every effort is made to be as accurate as possible when disseminating information on any worldwide destination. We are not responsible for unintentional data entry errors or omissions. If you would like to submit an addition, change or correction, or suggest a new link, please forward it to our map department and we will give it our immediate attention.

15. TABLES OF MODERN MONETARY HISTORY: REGIONAL TABLESby Kurt Schuler TABLES OF MODERN MONETARY history regional TABLES by Kurt Schuler Syria (19181920); tajikistan (1991-1995); Turkmenistan (1991-1993); http://users.erols.com/kurrency/authorities.htm

TABLES OF MODERN MONETARY HISTORY: REGIONAL TABLES by Kurt Schuler www.dollarization.org Preliminary version, May 2005 I welcome comments from knowledgeable readers. Should you have a suggested correction, please specify the source of your information. I am most interested in information from primary sources, particularly laws and the reports of monetary authorities. Notes So far the tables for Africa, Asia, and Australia/Pacific are finished, though they are subject to revision. "Present" refers to 2005 in the tables of monetary authorities. Table. African countries that have had various types of monetary authorities Systems with competitive issue of the monetary base Free bankingCompetitive issue by banks of notes (paper money) and deposits with few special regulations. Fixed exchange rate with gold, silver, or a foreign currency. Lesotho (1902-21), Malawi (1894-1940), Mauritius (1813-17, 1817-24*, 1824-5, 1832-49), Namibia (1915-61), South Africa (1837-1920, 1920-1*), Swaziland (1897-1921), Zambia (1906-40), Zimbabwe (1892-1940). Besides these episodes, there was also limited competition in Mozambique (1919-42*). Botswana (1897) and Nigeria (sometime 1899-1912) had episodes of note issue by a single bank either too brief or not extensive enough to usefully classify as free banking. Free issueUnusual system with neither an exchange rate target nor centralized control of the monetary base.

16. Tajikistan Culture And The Arts Among the most notable are the Behzed Museum of history, regional Studies, The Soviet era saw the introduction of opera and ballet to tajikistan, http://www.country-studies.com/tajikistan/culture-and-the-arts.html

Culture and the Arts As they did during the Soviet era, educated Tajiks define their cultural heritage broadly, laying claim to the rich legacy of the supraethnic culture of Central Asia and other parts of the Islamic world from the eastern Mediterranean to India. Soviet rule institutionalized Western art forms, publishing, and mass media, some elements of which subsequently attracted spontaneous support in the republic. However, since the beginning of Soviet rule in the 1920s, the media and the arts always have been subject to political constraints. Literature Despite long-standing Soviet efforts to differentiate between the Persian speakers of Central Asia and those elsewhere, Tajiks in Tajikistan describe all of the major literary works written in Persian until the twentieth century as Tajik, regardless of the ethnicity and native region of the author. In Soviet times, such claims were not merely a matter of chauvinism but a strategy to permit Tajiks some contact with a culture that was artificially divided by state borders. Nevertheless, very little Persian literature was published in Cyrillic transcription in the Soviet era. Three writers dominated the first generation of Soviet Tajik literature. Sadriddin Aini (1878-1954), a Jadidist writer and educator who turned communist, began as a poet but wrote primarily prose in the Soviet era. His works include three major novels dealing with social issues in the region and memoirs that depict life in the Bukhoro Khanate. Aini became the first president of Tajikistan's Academy of Sciences.

17. The Politics Of History In Tajikistan His book tajikistan The history of An Ethnic State will be published by Hurst in regional elites involved in the confrontation began to develop local http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~asiactr/haq/200101/0101a003.htm

CONTENTS - Winter 2001 Economics and Security in Central Asia Democratic Transition in Central Asia The Politics of History in Tajikistan Uzbek Foreign Policy Elections in Central Asia Bankruptcy Law in China World Bank and the Qinghai Project ... Book Review The Politics of History in Tajikistan: Reinventing the Samanids By Kirill Nourzhanov Kirill Nourzhanov received his PhD from the Australian National University in 1998 and is currently a Lecturer in the Centre for Arab and Islamic Studies (the Middle East and Central Asia) at ANU. He has published widely on Central Asian history and politics. During 2000-2001, he acted as an adviser to the Government of Tajikistan on parliamentary reform. His book Tajikistan: The History of An Ethnic State will be published by Hurst in 2001. Caption: Producing a nationalist version of history has acquired special importance for the leaders of independent Tajikistan as a means of reinforcing common Tajik identity, particularly in the aftermath of the civil war. The most recent campaign of this kind is the drive to reinvent and glorify the Samanids-a Muslim dynasty which ruled Mawarannahr and Khorasan during the 9th and 10th centuries A.D. The article will discuss the particulars of this campaign launched by President Rahmonov in March 1997 and the ways in which it contributes to the general political discourse in Tajikistan. Introduction On 9 September 1999-the 8 th anniversary of Tajikistan's independence-President Rahmonov opened an imposing memorial complex in the center of Dushanbe to commemorate the 1,100

18. Tajikistan - Culture And The Arts Since the generation that included those three writers, tajikistan has Among the most notable are the Behzed Museum of history, regional Studies, http://countrystudies.us/tajikistan/26.htm

Culture and the Arts Tajikistan Table of Contents As they did during the Soviet era, educated Tajiks define their cultural heritage broadly, laying claim to the rich legacy of the supraethnic culture of Central Asia and other parts of the Islamic world from the eastern Mediterranean to India. Soviet rule institutionalized Western art forms, publishing, and mass media, some elements of which subsequently attracted spontaneous support in the republic. However, since the beginning of Soviet rule in the 1920s, the media and the arts always have been subject to political constraints. Literature Despite long-standing Soviet efforts to differentiate between the Persian speakers of Central Asia and those elsewhere, Tajiks in Tajikistan describe all of the major literary works written in Persian until the twentieth century as Tajik, regardless of the ethnicity and native region of the author. In Soviet times, such claims were not merely a matter of chauvinism but a strategy to permit Tajiks some contact with a culture that was artificially divided by state borders. Nevertheless, very little Persian literature was published in Cyrillic transcription in the Soviet era. Three writers dominated the first generation of Soviet Tajik literature. Sadriddin Aini (1878-1954), a Jadidist writer and educator who turned communist, began as a poet but wrote primarily prose in the Soviet era. His works include three major novels dealing with social issues in the region and memoirs that depict life in the Bukhoro Khanate. Aini became the first president of Tajikistan's Academy of Sciences.

19. Tajikistan International disputes prolonged regional drought creates watersharing tajikistan history - history The people of tajikistan are probably descended http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108024.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 26, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Texas Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Tajikistan Infoplease Atlas: Tajikistan Republic of Tajikistan National name: Jumhurii Tojikiston President: Imomali Rakhmonov (1992) Prime Minister: Akil Akilov (1999) Area: 55,251 sq mi (143,100 sq km) Population (2005 est.): 7,163,506 (growth rate: 2.2%); birth rate: 32.6/1000; infant mortality rate: 110.8/1000; life expectancy: 64.6; density per sq mi: 130 Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Dushanbe, 817,100 (metro. area), 590,300 (city proper) Other large city: Khodzhent (Leninabad), 156,500 Monetary unit: somoni Languages: Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

20. Tajikistan Introduction - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Reso Central Asia has a rich history to which numerous tribes and In 1996 and1997, tajikistan attempted to join regional organizations that would improve http://workmall.com/wfb2001/tajikistan/tajikistan_history_introduction.html

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Tajikistan Introduction http://workmall.com/wfb2001/tajikistan/tajikistan_history_introduction.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS The total area of the five republics is approximately 3.9 million square kilometers, slightly more than 40 percent of the area of the United States and less than one-quarter of the area of Russia (see fig. 1). The region stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east, and from central Siberia in the north to Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan in the south. The area of the republics varies greatly: Kazakstan, by far the largest, occupies about 2.7 million square kilometers, more than two-thirds of the region. The smallest republic, Kyrgyzstan, occupies only 198,500 square kilometers. The Central Asian republics also feature quite different topographies, varying from the wide expanses of desert in primarily flat Kazakstan and Turkmenistan to the steep slopes and river valleys of mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan (see fig. 2). The region contains enormous natural and agricultural resources. All five republics have favorable agricultural regions and some combination of attractive minerals and fuels. Their industrial bases include trained workers, and their populations have relatively high educational levels and literacy rates. Unfortunately, the moribund, highly inefficient system through which the Soviet Union exploited those resources has proved very difficult to disassemble. The Central Asians have suffered all the typical transitional ills of former communist states moving toward a market economy: erratic supply of critical industrial inputs, increased unemployment, sharply increased inflation, declining capacity utilization and output by industry, and acute shortages of goods. In response, all five governments have pledged meaningful reform, but obstacles such as unworkable government structure, ethnic rivalries, and a variety of social tensions have made all five move cautiously.

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