1. Web Directory PlanetOut Search Regional Africa Swaziland History http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. ? Student Books Africa Since Independence. African American History In The Press 1851 99. Age Of Excess Kingdom Of Swaziland. Kings And Queens Of England http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. DIRECTORY - AFRICA SWAZILAND - REGIONAL AND AFRICA SWAZILAND REGIONAL AND AFRICA SWAZILAND. Directory Home. Mizmoz. Music News. Festivals. Music Equipment Profile Swaziland - Notes on geography http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. Reference Flags Regional Swaziland Armed Forces Network Reference Flags Regional Swaziland. Military Resource and Information Guide. Welcome to Armed Forces Network Home http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Government Swaziland Africa Regional English LoCuaL English Regional Africa Swaziland Government ? Embassies and Consulates Swaziland Government) Notes on geography, history, politics http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Excite Deutschland - Abroad Embassies And Consulates WebKatalog Regional Africa Swaziland Government Embassies and Consulates Canada - Ottawa High Commission with a history of the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Swaziland Africa Regional English Buscador Regional Africa Swaziland Arts and Entertainment. Business and Economy. Education externo) Notes on geography, history, politics http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Abroad Embassies And Consulates Government Swaziland Africa Regional Buscador Regional Africa Swaziland Government Embassies and Consulates Abroad Enlace externo) High Commission with a history of the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Recreation And Sports Swaziland Africa Regional English LoCuaL Publicidad Web LoCuaL.com English Regional Africa Swaziland Recreation and Sports and Sports) Notes on geography, history, politics http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Abroad Embassies And Consulates Government Swaziland Africa Regional Abroad Embassies and Consulates Government Swaziland Africa Regional Swaziland High Commission in Ottawa, with a history of the people and http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Regional: Africa: Swaziland: Society And Culture: History - Open Site regional Africa swaziland Society and Culture history Open Site. http://open-site.org/Regional/Africa/Swaziland/Society_and_Culture/History/

Open Site The Open Encyclopedia Project home submit content become an editor the entire directory only in Society_and_Culture/History Top Regional Africa Swaziland ... Society and Culture : History Description According to tradition, the people of the present Swazi nation migrated south before the 16th century to what is now Mozambique. Following a series of conflicts with people living in the area of modern Maputo, the Swazis settled in northern Zululand in about 1750. Unable to match the growing Zulu strength, the Swazis moved gradually northward in the 1800s and established themselves in the area of modern or present Swaziland. They consolidated their hold under several able leaders. The most important was Mswati II, from whom the Swazis derive their name. Under his leadership in the 1840s, the Swazis expanded their territory to the northwest and stabilized the southern frontier with the Zulus. Contact with the British came early in Mswati's reign, when he asked British authorities in South Africa for assistance against Zulu raids into Swaziland. It also was during Mswati's reign that the first whites settled in the country. Following Mswati's death, the Swazis reached agreements with British and South African authorities over a range of issues, including independence, claims on resources by Europeans, administrative authority, and security. South Africans administered the Swazi interests from 1894 to 1902. In 1902 the British assumed control. In 1921, after more than 20 years of rule by Queen Regent Lobatsibeni, Sobhuza II became Ngwenyama (lion) or head of the Swazi nation. The same year, Swaziland established its first legislative bodyan advisory council of elected European representatives mandated to advise the British high commissioner on non-Swazi affairs. In 1944, the high commissioner conceded that the council had no official status and recognized the paramount chief, or king, as the native authority for the territory to issue legally enforceable orders to the Swazis.

12. World History Archives: History Of Swaziland history of swaziland. Hartford Web Publishing (Haines Brown) is not the author of Manzini regional administrator Prince Gabheni Dlamini says Swazi trade http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/37/index-d.html

History of Swaziland Hartford Web Publishing (Haines Brown) is not the author of the documents in World History Archives and does not presume to validate their accuracy or authenticity. History of southern Africa Swaziland labor protests By Chris Lowe. 2 July, 1995. General strike Associated Press. 24 January, 1996. Second day of nation-wide strike in demand of democratic reforms. Labor unions are calling on King Mswati III's government to legalize political parties banned since 1972. COSATU meeting with Swazi Union postponed Tindzaba/News. 6 February, 1996. Swaziland trade union leader granted bail Tindzaba/News. 7 February, 1996. Jabulani Nxumalo, assistant secretary-general of the Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions. Stop granting Swazi citizenship to foreigners, says prince Tindzaba/News. 9 February, 1996. Manzini regional administrator Prince Gabheni Dlamini says Swazi trade unions now led by foreigners. Leading newspaper condemns South African interference Tindzaba/News. 11 February, 1966. ANC, SACP, SATU etc. criticized for involvement in Swaziland's constitutional and labor problems. King Sobhuza II proscribed all political parties in 1973 when he suspended the constitution. But there is a hint King Mswati will restore the 1968 constitution. Swaziland King begins constitutional reform process Tindzaba/News. 7 March, 1996.

13. Project MUSE This is significant, for one cannot consider the history of swaziland withoutreference to the dominant forces of regional history in southern Africa, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/africa_today/v050/50.2mackinnon.html

How Do I Get This Article? Athens Login Access Restricted This article is available through Project MUSE, an electronic journals collection made available to subscribing libraries NOTE: Please do NOT contact Project MUSE for a login and password. See How Do I Get This Article? for more information. Login: Password: Your browser must have cookies turned on MacKinnon, Aran S. "Historical Dictionary of Swaziland (review)" Africa Today - Volume 50, Number 2, Fall/Winter 2003, pp. 97-99 Indiana University Press Excerpt Historical dictionaries are curious animals: they provide snapshots of the people, events, and places that make up the core of historical evidence for a given region, theme, or epoch. They remain, however, rather less than the sum of their parts, although this is not to be taken as a criticism. They provide signposts for navigating what otherwise might seem unfamiliar and confusing terrain, and they allow a reader to find their way among otherwise seemingly unrelated aspects of history. It is for this reason that a good historical dictionary requires the expertise of a scholar who has long experience in the field, and has seen the potential sum of the parts. This is true of Alan Booth's Historical Dictionary of Swaziland , a much needed updating of the 1975 first edition by J. J. Grotpeter. Booth's edition is current, cogently organized, and an extremely useful tool for historians and general readers of

14. Encyclopedia Of African History Outlines of regional history PanAfrican/Comparative Topics and Debates.Early Pre-history swaziland Sobhuza I, Foundation of Ngwane Kingdom http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/africanhist/thematic.html

(List is not final and is subject to change prior to publication. Early Pre-History Later Pre-History and Ancient History Iron Age to End of 18th Century: North Africa Iron Age to End of 18th Century: Western Africa ... Pan-African/Comparative Topics and Debates Early Pre-History Climate and Vegetational Change Humankind: Hominids, Early: Origins of Olduwan and Acheulian: Early Stone Age Permanent Settlement, Early Rock Art: Eastern Africa Rock Art, Saharan Rock Art: Southern Africa Rock Art: Western and Central Africa Stone Age (Later): Central and Southern Africa Stone Age (Later): Eastern Africa Stone Age (Later): Nile Valley Stone Age (Later): Sahara and North Africa Stone Age (Later): Western Africa Stone Age, Middle: Cultures back to top Later Pre-History and Ancient History Akhenaten Aksum, Kingdom of

15. SOS Children's Villages: Country Information On Swaziland Country Information on swaziland history/Politics Around the 16th century AD In the early 19th century the Nguni united with other regional tribes under http://www.sos-childrensvillages.org/html/country_information_on_swaziland.html

Country Information on Swaziland History/Politics Around the 16th century AD, Nguni people migrated from Congo southward to settle the area of present-day Swaziland in the 18th... Country Information on Zimbabwe Fauna/Flora The vegetation in Zimbabwe consists mainly of grassland and some forest, where acacias, lianas, figs, Country Information on Lesotho History/Politics Not much is known about Lesotho's early history. However, historical records indicate that the region was settled by Bantu tribes... Swaziland - Select a village SOS Children's Villages' activities in the country The official go-ahead for the work of SOS Children's Villages in Swaziland came in December 1986... Country Information on Swaziland Terrain Swaziland can be divided into three types of terrain: the mountainous area in the west (highveld) reaches altitudes of over 1,220 m in some places, this is where the country's highest elevation, the Emlembe, is located (1,862 m); the middleveld (grassland) is at an altitude of 610 m on average; and the eastern part (lowveld) varies in altitude between 120 m and 305 m. The principal rivers are the Komati, Mbuluzi, and Ngwavuma. The steady flow of the rivers, fed by abundant rain in the mountains, supports irrigation and hydroelectric power projects in the lowlands.

16. GlobalEDGE (TM) | Country Insights - History Of Swaziland Information on the overview of the country, its history, economy, governmentstructure, STOCK MARKET. swaziland swaziland Stock Exchange. regional PAGE http://globaledge.msu.edu/ibrd/CountryHistory.asp?CountryID=139&RegionID=5

17. TABLES OF MODERN MONETARY HISTORY: REGIONAL TABLESby Kurt Schuler TABLES OF MODERN MONETARY history regional TABLES by Kurt Schuler swaziland,South African pound*, 1, 1. Tanzania, pound sterling, 20, 1779.63 http://users.erols.com/kurrency/authorities.htm

TABLES OF MODERN MONETARY HISTORY: REGIONAL TABLES by Kurt Schuler www.dollarization.org Preliminary version, May 2005 I welcome comments from knowledgeable readers. Should you have a suggested correction, please specify the source of your information. I am most interested in information from primary sources, particularly laws and the reports of monetary authorities. Notes So far the tables for Africa, Asia, and Australia/Pacific are finished, though they are subject to revision. "Present" refers to 2005 in the tables of monetary authorities. Table. African countries that have had various types of monetary authorities Systems with competitive issue of the monetary base Free bankingCompetitive issue by banks of notes (paper money) and deposits with few special regulations. Fixed exchange rate with gold, silver, or a foreign currency. Lesotho (1902-21), Malawi (1894-1940), Mauritius (1813-17, 1817-24*, 1824-5, 1832-49), Namibia (1915-61), South Africa (1837-1920, 1920-1*), Swaziland (1897-1921), Zambia (1906-40), Zimbabwe (1892-1940). Besides these episodes, there was also limited competition in Mozambique (1919-42*). Botswana (1897) and Nigeria (sometime 1899-1912) had episodes of note issue by a single bank either too brief or not extensive enough to usefully classify as free banking. Free issueUnusual system with neither an exchange rate target nor centralized control of the monetary base.

18. Swaziland - Southern Africa Multidisciplinary Advisory Team (ILO/SAMAT): Harare involved in the critical political events in the recent history of the country . Inclusion of swaziland in the proposed subregional programme on http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/afpro/mdtharare/country/swaziland.htm

Subregional Office for Southern Africa: SRO-Harare Swaziland Capital: Mbabane Area: 17,363 km Population: 1,08 million GDP per capita: US$ 4,200 Languages: English and siSwati Click for map of Swaziland Economic and Socio-political Situation The 1997 census revealed a total resident population of 930, 000. In addition, there were 51, 000 absentees, mainly men working in South Africa. The annual population growth rate has fallen from 2.9% (between 1986 and 1997) to below 1% because of the effects of AIDS. The labour force increased from 111,643 in 1996 to 112,744 in 1997. Available data indicate that 84% of the labour force is employed in the formal sector. Though confirmed figures are not available, unemployment rates have generally been in excess of 20%. For the age 15-24 years, the problem is acutely worse, with national unemployment levels of 40%. During the 1980s, Swaziland's economy benefited from the sanctions that were imposed on South Africa. Thus the economy during this period was characterised by a strong GDP growth and a healthy balance of payments. The lifting of sanctions against South Africa and political reforms in other countries in the sub-region have seen Swaziland losing its comparative advantage in attracting Foreign Direct Investment inflows. Periodic spells of drought as well as the global recession exacerbated by the East Asian crisis have resulted in a decline in the country's export earnings. The economic growth rate increased from 2.7% in 1998 to over 3% in 1999 after which it fell to 2.5% in 2000 before further falling to 2% in 2001. The end of the Industrial Relations Act controversy and Swaziland’s preferential access to the US market (thanks to the African Growth Opportunity Act) is expected to improve the performance of the economy in 2002.

19. South Africa Foreign Relations - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Several regional and international organizations invited South Africa to join, swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe) aims to promote regional http://www.photius.com/countries/south_africa/government/south_africa_government

Country Ranks INDEX for South Africa Maps ... Feedback South Africa Foreign Relations http://www.photius.com/countries/south_africa/government/south_africa_government_foreign_relations.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to South Africa Government The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible for South African foreign policy decisions. The Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs conducts liaison with foreign governments and international organizations on all matters affecting official relations. These relations are conducted through foreign government officials, through diplomats accredited to South Africa, and through South Africa's accredited embassies, consulates, and other missions abroad. Until the early 1990s, the DFA and the diplomatic corps competed against numerous counterestablishment "diplomatic services" run by antiapartheid organizations in exile, especially the ANC. The aim of these parallel communication channels was to isolate the South African government within the international community as a means of pressuring Pretoria to abolish apartheid. After the April 1994 elections, President Mandela appointed two ANC members, Alfred Nzo and Aziz Pahad, as minister and deputy minister of foreign affairs. He refused to make immediate sweeping changes in the diplomatic corps. The pillars of South Africa's future foreign policy had been enunciated by Mandela in late 1993, in an article published in

20. South Africa Regional Issues - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural R South Africa regional Issues Flags, Maps, Economy, history, Climate, such as its agreements with swaziland in 1982 and with Mozambique and Angola in http://www.photius.com/countries/south_africa/national_security/south_africa_nat

Country Ranks INDEX for South Africa Maps ... Feedback South Africa Regional Issues http://www.photius.com/countries/south_africa/national_security/south_africa_national_security_regional_issues.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to South Africa National Security The international fear of nuclear proliferation made South Africa the focus of intense concern during the 1980s. Although Pretoria initially would not confirm it was developing, or possessed, nuclear weapons, it had large natural deposits of uranium, as well as uranium enrichment facilities and the necessary technological infrastructure. In addition, until the late 1980s South Africa had the deeply entrenched fear of its adversaries and the insecurity about its borders that were important incentives in other nations' nuclear programs. After 1981 South Africa was able to produce annually about fifty kilograms of highly enriched uranium, enough to make two or three twenty-kiloton nuclear bombs each year. With the cooperation of Israelanother technologically advanced, militarily powerful, nuclear-capable nation surrounded by hostile neighborsSouth Africa developed at least six nuclear warheads, which it later acknowledged, along with a variety of missiles and other conventional weapons. In 1987 President Botha announced that South Africa was considering signing the 1968 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) and would begin discussions with other countries toward that end. In September 1990, Pretoria agreed to sign the NPT, but only "in the context of an equal commitment by other states in the Southern African region." After intensive diplomatic efforts, especially by the United States and the Soviet Union, Tanzania and Zambia agreed to sign the treaty. South Africa signed the NPT in July 1991, and an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards agreement in September of that year. In addition, the government banned any further development, manufacture, marketing, import, or export of nuclear weapons or explosives, as required by the NPT. The IAEA declared it had completed its inspection in late 1994 and that South Africa's nuclear weapons facilities had been dismantled.

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