61. Plep Archive sukuma Chiefs and Royal History. The role of the chief in Usukuma has gone through Their exogenous customs combined with the indigenous people are now http://www.nutcote.demon.co.uk/nl03jan2225.html

plep plep Archive 23rd January Heading off for the weekend; next update will probably be on Sunday. Dance in Light: Xhosa Textiles and Beadwork. 'Xhosa peoples never carved masks or figures; instead their religious art was beadwork, worn during ceremonial dances and other occasions. The exhibition also reveals how beadwork and dress flagged the wearer's ethnicity, age group, marital status, and other aspects of identity. The reflectivity of glass beads and shells were associated with the spirits, and particular colors and patterns conveyed symbolic meanings. ' 'During much of the 20th century, South Africa was the world's largest importer of beads, fueling the development of this remarkable art tradition, which shares many similarities with Native American beadwork. ' How to pronounce the clicks in the Xhosa language. The Murals of Baiya Monastery. 'The murals of Dege County's Pewar (Ch. Baiya) Monastery are truly exquisite works of art that embrace their subject matters with a mixture of vivid color and painstaking detail. From ghastly esoteric scenes of demons wearing human skins to the serenity of buddhas seated in meditation, the depictions on the walls of the temple and upper prayer room comprise a mixture of stylistic influences from within and outside Tibet. Placid Nepalese-style bodhisattvas adorned with gold and flowing scarves face characteristic Tibetan esoteric figures with multiple arms and heads, standing on lifeless bodies. Just next to this unlikely couple lies a secular scene of workers so Chinese in style that they could almost have been transplanted from a Song or Jin Dynasty Shanxi temple wall ... '

62. Africa Today: Learning The Facts Of Life: Past And Present Experiences In A Rura Although the sukuma people were the largest ethnic group in the area, a varietyof other africa 16 160–276. ———. 19531970. sukuma Law and Custom. http://iupjournals.org/africatoday/aft47-3.html

from Africa Today Volume 47, Numbers 3-4 Learning the Facts of Life: Past and Present Experiences in a Rural Tanzanian Community Denise Roth Allen Permission to Copy You may download, save, or print for your personal use without permission. If you wish to disseminate the electronic article, or to produce multiple copies for classroom or educational use, please request permission from: Professional Relations Department 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers MA 01923 FAX: 978-750-4470/4744 Web address: For other permissions, use our online reprint request form On the whole, initiation rites, whether into social maturity or cult membership, best exemplify transition, since they have well-marked and protracted marginal or liminal phases. —Victor Turner, Betwixt and Between: The Liminal Period in Rites des Passage When an African girl [c]omes of age, she is initiated into woman­hood. This form of education is practiced in many parts of Africa. In the process the girl dies, and the woman is born. That is the concept behind most African initiation ceremonies, known in Tanzania as Unyago —Marie Shaba and Davie Kituru

63. MSN Encarta - Search View - African Languages African Languages, languages indigenous to the African continent. The tonallanguages of some African peoples are also represented by talking drums, http://uk.encarta.msn.com/text_761565449__1/African_Languages.html

Search View African Languages Article View To find a specific word, name, or topic in this article, select the option in your Web browser for finding within the page. In Internet Explorer, this option is under the Edit menu. The search seeks the exact word or phrase that you type, so if you don’t find your choice, try searching for a keyword in your topic or recheck the spelling of a word or name. African Languages I. Introduction African Languages , languages indigenous to the African continent. More than 2,000 different languages are spoken in Africa. Apart from Arabic, which is not confined to Africa, the most widely spoken African tongues are Swahili (35 million speakers) and Hausa (39 million), both of which are used over wide areas as lingua francas. Several languages (often inaccurately termed dialects simply because they have few users or are under-researched) are spoken by only a few thousand people. Although very few African languages have written literatures, the majority have long-standing traditions of oral literature. II.

64. The Languages And Writing Systems Of Africa Angola, Republic of Angola, República de Angola, former People s Republic of Angola Also includes Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars. http://www.intersolinc.com/newsletters/africa.htm

English Deutsch Español Français ... Português Three Pointe Dr. Suite 301 Brea, California 92821 U.S.A. Tel.: Fax: Toll Free (U.S.) With a global network of experienced resources, InterSol provides customized, cost-effective solutions to the challenges of international communications. Other Editions Africa Languages of Africa Sources: Ethnologue The World Fact Book Country Language Algeria, Al Jaza'ir, People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah National or official languages: Standard Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects. The number of languages listed for Algeria is 18, including Chaouia, Kabyle, Tumzabt, Taznatit and others. All are living languages. Angola, Republic of Angola, República de Angola, former People's Republic of Angola National or official languages: Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages. The number of languages listed for Angola is 42, of which 41 are living languages (including Mbundu, Loanda, Kongo, Chokwe, Luchazi) and 1 (Kwadi) is extinct. Benin

65. Indigenous Multipurpose Trees Of Tanzania: Uses And Economic Benefits For People malula (NYATURU); nduradura, mnduriduri (RANGI), vulula wapi, vulula, ilulalyape, (sukuma). Common Names mkulo, East African camphor wood, camphor http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5327e/x5327e07.htm

4. Species list ACACIA ABYSSINICA Family Name: LEGUMINOSAE (SUBFAMILY MIMOSOIDEAE) Common Names: umbrella thorn** ** Common Names include SWAHILI and ENGLISH. Local Names: altarara (MASAI). Potential Uses: building materials, crafts (carvings), furniture (stools), medicine (masse soup), timber. ACACIA ALBIDA (FAIDHERBIA ALBIDA) Family Name: LEGUMINOSAE (SUBFAMILY MIMOSOIDEAE) Common Names: mapagola, kababu, apple ring acacia, winterthorn Local Names: mkololo, mkora (BONDEI, SHAMBAA, ZIGUA); mchese (FIPA); mdoladole, mgonandele, mujehe, mwaliganza, mluma (GOGO); hhangumo, tlahmo, tlehharimo (GOROWA); murunda (HAYA); mpogoro (HEHE); giermo, giwermoo, tahhumo (IRAQW); mranda (LONGO, ZINZA); mkongolo (LUGURU); ikandava (MBUGWE); mkilolo (NGURU); khaangu, mungunga (NYATURU); mgunga (PARE); igudabe, isaimo (RANGI); mpogola (SANGU, HEHE); nanda (SUKUMA); mupongoro (SUMBWA). Potential Uses: beehives, bee plant, charcoal, domestic uses (soap, tool handles), fencing (posts), firewood, fodder, food (pods = condiment), fruits (famine food), gum, land improvement (nitrogen fixing, windbreaks), medicine, salt, shade, tannin, timber (soft). ACACIA DREPANOLOBIUM Family Name: LEGUMINOSAE (SUBFAMILY MIMOSOIDEAE) Common Names: mbalibali, ulula, gall acacia

66. An A-Z Of African Studies On The Internet Hm6 Curtin, Philip D. Why People Move Migration in african History (Waco, Tex. indigenous charismatic missions in West africa, by Matthews J. Ojo http://www.lib.msu.edu/limb/a-z/az_hm6.html

An A-Z of African Studies on the Internet Part H-M6 Michigan-Mutations Back to: A-Z of African Studies Michigan State University African Studies Center http://www.isp.msu.edu/AfricanStudies/ Midi Madagasikara MigrationAfrica International Organization for Migration (IOM) - Africa Programs http://www.iom.int/ MigrationAfricaHistory Curtin, Philip D. Why People Move: Migration in African History (Waco, Tex. Baylor University, 1995.) access to e-book by subscription only b MigrationSouthern Africa Buthelezi, MG. PUBLIC SPEECHES - MG BUTHELEZI SOUTH AFRICAN MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS 1996- http://www.queensu.ca/samp/migdocs/speeches/MGB.htm http://www.queensu.ca/samp/publications/policyseries/policy18.htm Gender and Migration - Resources (Southern African Migration Project. Queens University). http://www.queensu.ca/samp/Gender.htm N. Hunter and C. Skinner. Foreign Street Traders Working in Inner City Durban: Survey Results and Policy Dilemmas March 2001.http://www.queensu.ca/samp/migdocs/Documents/2001/Hunter.pdf

67. Sun Singer - Native Reference - Africa indigenous/cultural awareness, environmental and wildlife issues, Images ofSukuma Dance; African Music Encyclopedia Men s Issues, Groups http://www.sunsinger.org/refs/africa.php

68. Tanzania Development Gateway:Tanzania Indigenous Knowledge Database Indilinga African Journal of indigenous Knowledge Systems The sukuma cultureis the largest in Tanzania. In many ways, the sukuma are experiencing a http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/ik/display.asp?Cat=Culture

69. Africa The sukuma Museum in Tanzania is dedicated to the sukuma Culture.It houses arts and crafts made by the people of the largest culture in...... http://www.american.edu/projects/mandala/TED/hpages/art/africa.htm

AFRICA South Africa Tanzania Durban Art Gallery Location: Durban, South Africa Description: The Durban Art Gallery is a museum located in Durban, South Africa. Founded in 1892, the Durban Art Gallery includes art work from British, French and Dutch painters and French and Chinese ceramics. Since the 1970s, the Gallery has focused on local artists and craftsmen and showcases their work. The Gallery has examples of indigenous Zulu artwork. Example: Sukuma Museum Location: Bujora Parish, P.O. Box 76, Mwanza, Tanzania Description: The Sukuma Museum in Tanzania is dedicated to the Sukuma Culture. It houses arts and crafts made by the people of the largest culture in Tanzania. Example:

70. Interview With William Adam Stier - Collection 479 Interview with Stier, missionary with africa Inland Mission in Tanzania from 1938 of african pastors; the transition from mission to indigenous church http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/GUIDES/479.htm

Billy Graham Center Archives Interview with William Adam Stier - Collection 479 [Note: What follows is a description of the documents in this collection which are available for use at BGC Archives in Wheaton, Illinois, USA. The actual documents are not, in most cases, available online, only this description of them. Nor are they available for sale or rent. Some or all of this collection can be borrowed through interlibrary loan Table of Contents Brief Description of This Collection Title Page and Restrictions Biography of William Adam Stier An Essay on the Contents of the Collection (Scope and Content) ... Lists of Audio Tapes in This Collection (Location Records) Brief Description Interview with Stier, missionary with Africa Inland Mission in Tanzania from 1938 through 1978. Topics covered in the two sessions include his youth and conversion, marriage, Bible school education, call to missions, his work with the Sakuma and Tuzu peoples, his ministry as a teacher of African pastors; the transition from mission to indigenous church control in Tanzania, the policies and personnel of AIM, Emil Sywulka, political changes in Tanzania, polygamy and animism, church discipline, tribal relations, relations with other Christian missions, short-term vs. career missionaries issues, spiritual hardships of being a missionary. For more information, please see guide. Vol.: 3 Reels of Audio Tape

71. People Of Tanzania The majority of Tanzanians, including such large tribes as the sukuma and the africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages http://infotut.com/geography/Tanzania/People/

Geography Music Library Music Message Board Encyclopedia ... Maps of the World Hot Albums XandY Emancipation of Mimi In Your Honor Monkey Business ... Way It Is Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The

72. International Mission Board - Praying - Compassion Net Select the people group for which you want to view prayer items. Horn of africa,Songhai of Niger and Mali, Sudanese Arabs of Sudan, sukuma of Tanzania http://www.imb.org/CompassionNet/PeopleGroups.asp

Subscribe About us Contact us Questions ... Praying Prayer Search by People Group Select the people group for which you want to view prayer items. Also, you may select the maximum age of prayer items to be displayed. Please note that if a particular people group does not appear in the choice list, it means there are no active prayer items for that people group. People Group: **Select a People Group** Western Cham of Cambodia Acehnese of Indonesia Afar of Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti Algerian Arabs of Algeria and France amaXhosa of South Africa Amhara of Ethiopia Ancash Quechua of Peru Anii of Benin and Togo Arabs in Latin America Asheninka of Peru Asian Indians of East Africa Aukan of Suriname and French Guiana Ayizo of Benin Aymara of Bolivia Aymara of Peru Baganda of Uganda Bahasa-Speaking Tribals of Southeast Asia Bambara of Mali Banyankore of Uganda Banyoro of Uganda Banyumasan of South-Central Java, Indonesia Basoga of Uganda Basotho of Lesotho and South Africa Batonga of Zambia and Zimbabwe Bedouin of Northern Africa Beja of Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea

73. Earlham College –– Biology Department –– Kakamega Forest Kakamega forest is the easternmost rain forest in East africa and the only Kakamega forest, as well as other indigenous forests, provide several http://www.earlham.edu/biology/content/Kakamega/conservation.html

Kakamega Forest Earlham College Biology Department Kakamega Home Ecology ... Other Links Why Conserve Kakamega Forest? Twenty percent of Kenya's species are endemic to the country, a majority of which are endemic to it's forests. At the turn of the century there were 240,000 hectares (ha) of rain forest in Kenya. Now there are only 23,000 ha left due to severe deforestation and fragmentation. For the most part this is due to encroachment of shambas (small farms) and tea plantations as well as both legal and illegal government sanctioned harvesting by the timber industry. Kakamega forest is the eastern-most rain forest in East Africa and the only rainforest found in Kenya. As an equatorial rain forest, it receives approximately two meters of rain per year, concentrated in two wet seasons. These environmental conditions create a forest that is extremely high in diversity of plant and animal life. Past Management Kakamega forest has provided numerous and invaluable resources to the surrounding people for hundreds of years. By the beginning of this century, the Tiriki subtribe of the Luhya had settled around the forest and were farming as much in the forest as around it. Fuel wood, grass for thatching, medicinal plants and trees, and land for grazing have been services that the forest has provided.

74. ALN No. 55: Nsokko: Community-based Fire Management In Shinyanga, Tanzania This is a traditional form of forest management among the sukuma people, indigenous knowledge of medicinal trees and setting priorities for their http://ag.arizona.edu/OALS/ALN/aln55/nssoko.html

No. 55, May/June 2004 Fire Ecology II Community-based fire management in the Miombo woodlands: A case study from Bukombe District, Shinyanga,Tanzania by Edwin Nssoko "From the beginning, the fire management plan has incorporated [local] traditions; this has been crucial to local support of and involvement with the plan... ." Background Implementation of a fire management program in Bukombe District Evolution of the fire management plan Lessons learned ... Additional web resources Link to Figure 1, ~52K Background Back to top) (4,047 mi ); of this, 6,133 km (2,368 mi ) is estimated to be public land while 4,349 km (1,679 mi ) is forest reserves. Administratively the district is divided into the Masumbwe, Siloka and Mbogwe divisions; the population is about 396,423 people, predominantly from the closely related Sukuma and Sumbwa ethnic groups. The district is forested with Miombo woodlands, dominated by economically important leguminous tree and shrub species including Acacia, Brachystegia, Albizia, Commiphora

75. : Map And Guide To Tanzania Further waves of ironworking Bantu people coming from West africa left Although he was known for his ill-treatment of indigenous populations he was http://www.ntz.info/gen/b00274.html

Home Sources Names Dates ... Feedback Map and Guide to Tanzania 1995 Oct Publisher: Tanzania Tourist Board Our classification: Reference Found: Gibbs Farm 1996 Only available in Tanzania (and at Gibb's Farm), includes comprehensive history of the country. Book ID 274 Map and Guide to Tanzania 1995 Oct Page Number: 01a See also G Kingsnorth Zoe Marsh J Swift A Short History of Tanzania So Geographers in Afric' Maps With savage pictures fill their gaps And o'er uninhabitable downs Place elephants for want of towns J Swift These verses were quoted [p56] in an interesting little book An Introduction to the History of East Africa written by Zoe Marsh and G Kingsnorth in . Fortunately, the elephants are still there but enormous gaps in people's knowledge remain concerning Tanzania. [top] Home Sources Names ... Feedback Extract ID: 3957 Map and Guide to Tanzania 1995 Oct Page Number: 02a See also Laetoli Mary Leakey Oldupai Zinjanthropus Unknown to non-Africans before the colonial period, the prehistory of the interior of Africa has since been partly pieced together. Discovered by chance in by a German entomologist who stumbled across some fossils and bones, evidence of human life was found in Tanzania's Olduvai Gorge and the place attracted the attention of Professor

76. World Regional Intro To SubSah Africa Malaria afflicts 400 million people in subSaharan africa and kills 750000 This area was occupied by several groups (Ha, Zinza, Sumbwa, sukuma) and was http://www.uvm.edu/~cdunkley/geography001/SubSahAfricaIntro.html

77. Colonial History Of Africa African indigenous Knowledge Systems Dr. Gloria Emeagwali, Professor of History, American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Color of the United http://www.empereur.com/Africa/history/hiscolonial.html

Welcome to Africa Colonial History of Africa Adam Matthew Publications Microfilm publisher. Sells 19th and 20th century journals and archival collections for African studies and other areas. Has a search engine. Search OCLC's World Catalog and/or RLIN to locate libraries with holdings of these microforms. http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/ Examples - Africa Through Western Eyes . Part 1: Original Manuscripts from the Royal Commonwealth Society Library at Cambridge University Library Church Missionary Society Archive - See Section IV: Africa Missions From the Royal Commonwealth Society in Cambridge University Library Part 1: The Colour Question in Imperial Policy, 1836-1930) Aequatoria Archives Research Project Based at the Research Center of the International Pragmatics Association, University of Antwerp, and works with the Centre Æquatoria , Mbandaka, Congo (DRC). "Its goal is to make extensively annotated editions as well as systematic interpretive analyses of documents from the archives of the Centre Æquatoria — in particular those documents that are relevant to the historiographic study of linguistics and ethnology in colonial times ." The Archives have, on microfiche, the proceedings of the Conférence Nationale Souveraine. The

78. African Folklore -- A-Z Entries Northeastern africa ( The Horn ) Overview Nsibidi An indigenous Writing System Rastafari A Marginalized People Rattray, RS Religion african http://www.routledge-ny.com/folklore/african/azentries.html

Please note: List of entries is preliminary and may change prior to publication A B C D ... Z A Algeria Ancestors Angola Animals in African Folklore Arabic Folk Literature of North Africa Architecture Archives of Traditional Music Ashanti Astronomy back to top B Bamana Banjo: African Roots Bao Bascom, William Basketry, Africa Basketry, African American Beadwork Benin Birth and Death Rituals among the Gikuyu Blacksmiths: Dar Zaghawa of the Sudan Blacksmiths: Mande of Western Africa Body Arts: African American Arts of the Body Body Arts: Body Decoration in Africa Body Arts: Hair Sculpture Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi back to top C Callaway, Bishop Henry

79. African Proverbs, Stories And Sayings - Meetings Report of the Meeting of People Interested in African Proverbs Urban They arepreparing a series of booklets of sukuma Proverbs based on the Verb Root. http://www.afriprov.org/resources/meetings.htm

Meetings and Workshops Report of the Meeting of the Kenya Proverbs Committee Nairobi, Kenya, 25 September 2004 Hekima College, Nairobi, Kenya Present: Jean Charles Kubanabantu (jchkubanabantu@jesuits.net) Third year student at Hekima College from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Nirima Rakotosolofo (rakotosolofo@yahoo.com) Third year student at Hekima College from Madagascar Mercellin Mugabe (mugabem@jesuits.net) Third year student at Hekima College from Rwanda Joseph Kariuki (kariukiprov@yahoo.co.uk) Assistant Moderator Absent with apologies Evans Nyakundi Jean Nyaduwi The participants said that the website would especially be useful to students at Hekima in their first year where such courses are concentrated. Joseph asked them the best way to promote the website among those students as well as other students at Hekima. Marcelin Mugabe said he will review the website for the next issue of Hekima Review after consultation with the editorial board of the journal to enable the Hekima academic and student community get exposed to the website. Jean Kubanabantu from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) said there is also a fair number of collections from DRC through there are also some small ethnic communities where no collections exist. Mercellin Mugabe from Rwanda said a lot of collections have been done and published and some of the publications can be found at Hekima. Nirima Rakotosolofo from Madagascar also said there have been many collections and publications from his part of Africa.

80. IK Monitor 4(1) McCall Within farming systems, ITK embraces people s knowledge of tools and techniques McCall, MK (1995) indigenous technical knowledge in farming systems of http://www.nuffic.nl/ciran/ikdm/4-1/articles/mccall.html

ITK in East African farming systems Michael K. McCall The potentials of indigenous technical knowledge (ITK), both for expanding scientific technical knowledge and for empowering its owners, are overwhelming. There is compelling evidence of the extent and rationality of ITK in East Africa. This article presents a broad overview of past and present research in the field of ITK within East African farming systems. It also indicates possible topics for further research. Indigenous technical knowledge Within farming systems, ITK embraces people's knowledge of tools and techniques for the assessment, acquisition, transformation, and utilization of resources which are specific to a particular location. ITK can encompass: Vernacular: technical knowledge held by all or most individuals in a specific locality, e.g., knowledge of crop rotation, or pest and weed control; Specialized: the technical knowledge of certain skilled 'resource persons', e.g., medicine, charcoal-making, blacksmithery and varietal testing; Controlled: knowledge held by dominant groups in society, such as the specialized knowledge referred to above, or skills in animal breeding, hunting or water divining;

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