41. PapuaWeb: S1 And S2 (Theses) And S3 (Dissertations) - Papua, Irian Jaya, West Pa Research Unit for the Arts of africa, Oceania and The Technology Adoption Behaviourof the indigenous People of Irian Irian Jaya Suatu Studi Kasus suku Arfak. http://papuaweb.org/dlib/s123/_s123.html

Daftar Tesis - Papuaweb - List of Theses CATATAN: (update terakhir Sept 26, 2005) Halaman ini bermaksud untuk membuat daftar referensi bagi semua tesis dan disertasi yang berhubungan dengan Papua dalam bahasa asing ( - 289 judul - sampai saat ini). Sampai saat ini - 62 tesis dan disertasi - tentang Papua tersedia halaman ini (yang ditunjukan oleh judul hotlink, atau lihat daftarnya ) dan kami merencanakan akan terus menambah dengan berbagai dokumen dalam waktu mendatang. Kami menyediakan tempat di website ini untuk anda yang bermaksud memasukkan tesis atau disertasi anda yang berhubungan dengan Papua, atau jika anda memiliki saran, usul, koreksi ataupun berbagai masukan lainnya terhadap situs ini, silahkan menghubungi webmaster ( info papuaweb.org Kami berharap kehadiran tesis dan disertasi di website ini dapat memberikan manfaat yang sangat berarti buat berbagai kalangan terutama bagi para peneliti karena kebanyakan referensi tersebut belum terdaftar di berbagai perpustakaan dan belum dipublikasikan. Sampai saat ini - 83 skripsi - ditulis oleh mahasiswa Unipa tersedia melewati Papuaweb dan kami merencanakan akan membuat daftar tesis dan disertasi lengkap dalam Bahasa Indonesia sesudah kami telah mendapat bantuan donor dan ada staff pendukung di UNIPA dan di UNCEN. (Sambil menanti dukungan staf dan donor, kami akan berusaha sedapat mungkin memasukkan beberapa referensi lainnya dalam bahasa Indonesia.)

42. African Art, Trade Beads, Masks, Carvings, Artifacts, Textiles .Grebo mask, indigenous repairFINE $900.00. Mask. Grebo people. Liberia....... suku people. Democratic Republic of Congo/(Zaire). height 28 inches. Full http://www.africadirect.com/ccproducts2.php?category=11&pagenum=8&start=210&affi

43. African Art On The Internet africa Talks.org an online and faceto-face community of people interested indevelopment Islam and indigenous african cultures, Shawabtis and Nubia, http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/art.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... Topics: African Art on the Internet See also: South African Art Photographs Addis Art - Ethiopian Art and Artists Page Contemporary Ethiopian art and artists - paintings, sculptures and digital art work by students and professionals from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. University instructor, Getahun Assefa 's paintings , drawings, sculpture, digital art. Also work by his brother, Tesfaye Assefa. Based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [KF] http://www.addisart.com/ Addis Art - Nouveau Art from Ethiopia Artists include Shiferaw Girma and Lulseged Retta. Photographs of each artist's work, a biography, and video. Founded by Mesai Haileleul. [KF] http://www.addis-art.com/ Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Afewerk Tekle "Ethiopia’s leading artist." Biography, his paintings, sculptures, mosaics, murals, art in the artist's home. Afewerk created the stained-glass windows at the entrance of Africa Hall, headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. "In 1964, he became the first winner of the Haile Selassie I prize for Fine Arts." "In 2000, he was one of the few chosen World Laureates by the council of the ABI on the occasion of the 27th International Millennium Congress on the Arts and Communication in Washington DC." He painted Kwame Nkrumah's portrait and was awarded the American Golden Academy Award and the Cambridge Order of Excellence England. Prints of his work may be purchased online. http://www.afewerktekle.org

44. Spirits The Portuguese first traveled to central africa in 1483, when Diogo Cão The exhibition opens with a series of artworks from the Dan peoples of Côte http://www.nmafa.si.edu/exhibits/spirits/intro.htm

MM_preloadImages('images/introH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/wcaH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/konH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/matH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/zomH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/choH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/ngaH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/bidH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/retH.gif'); Also at the Smithsonian: Worshiping the Ancestors at the Sackler Gallery looks at the spirits of China. In the Presence of Spirits This exhibition examines an impressive group of over 140 objects that reflect the influences of the supernatural world in both public and private life throughout sub-Saharan Africa. The exhibition is organized according to both geography and the numerous cultural groups represented in the National Museum of Ethnology's collection. In the Presence of Spirits features objects that derive mainly, although not exclusively, from those areas where the Portuguese were present, such as Angola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau. A group of important artworks from western, central and southern Africa complements this selection. These artifacts demonstrate the rich variety and sculptural inventiveness of the cultures indigenous to these regions and provide insight into many of their spiritual practices. Highlights of the exhibition include figures, decorated stools and chairs, pipes, masks, staffs and dolls used by kings, queens, chiefs, priests, priestesses and diviners to summon spiritual forces. Major themes include an examination of prestige objects and power figures, initiation and funerary rituals, and symbols of spiritual and secular authority.

45. Land Reform / Réforme Agraire / Reforma Agraria / It omits detailed consideration of indigenous peoples in the Near East and Central However, the African Commission on Human and peoples’ Rights of the http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5407t/y5407t07.htm

Indigenous peoples and communal tenures in Asia Marcus Colchester Director, Forest Peoples Programme, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom. INTRODUCTION DEFINITIONS masyarakat adat FORMS OF TENURE, EQUITY AND LEGAL PERSONALITY Generalizing about trends in the administration of indigenous lands over such a vast area is problematic. By and large, Asian countries have been reluctant to admit collective forms of land ownership or possession, preferring instead to promote individual land titling according to the Torrens system, thereby undermining traditional economies (e.g. Brewer, 1988). Even in communist countries, the denial of land rights to indigenous peoples has often led them into abject poverty, obliging them to live outside the law in order to make a living (Jager, 2001). However, where governments recognize indigenous collective tenures, these rights have in almost all cases been recognized on the basis of immemorial possession or customary use. Two broad tendencies can be identified. In one set of countries, such as most of the Pacific islands (Lundsgaarde, 1974; Crocombe, 1987, 1994; Van Trease, 1987; Crocombe and Meleisea, 1994; Damas, 1994) and, recently, the Philippines, the laws recognize indigenous collective tenures as providing the equivalent of strong rights of ownership. In other countries, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, the laws grant what administrators understand to be much more limited usufructory or possessory rights, considered to be much weaker than full ownership. As noted below, these interpretations are now being contested in the courts and indigenous spokespeople have argued that the downgrading of indigenous property rights in comparison with those of other citizens constitutes a violation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.

46. AllRefer.com - Zaire - Peoples Between The Kwango And The Kasai | Zaire Informat of peoples in this area the Yaka cluster includes, among others, the suku . The Lunda, closely related to the peoples of western Shaba, are included http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/zaire/zaire67.html

You are here allRefer Reference Zaire History ... Zaire Zaire Peoples Between the Kwango and the Kasai Four clusters have been distinguished among the mixture of peoples in this area: the Yaka cluster includes, among others, the Suku. The Mbala cluster also includes several groups and is perhaps the most fragmented of the lot. The Pende cluster includes the Kwese; the Lunda cluster includes the Soonde and the Chokwe. The Lunda, closely related to the peoples of western Shaba, are included here by Vansina because they are separated from their core area and have had a longtime relationship with the other peoples in the area. Mixture and mutual influence have characterized these peoples, often in less than peaceful ways. In general, Lunda expansion led to the formation of Lunda-ruled states, a process that continued through the first half of the nineteenth century. The Chokwe, who became such a powerful presence in the core Lunda area in western Shaba in the second half of the nineteenth century, also drove north here in the same period, fragmenting local groups but also incorporating many of them. They were stopped only in 1885 by a coalition of Mbun, Njembe, and Pende, the first two being peoples of the lower Kasai. Except for the members of the Lunda cluster, most of the peoples in the area originally spoke a dialect of Kikongo or a language related to it. Over a period beginning in the seventeenth century, a good deal of movement was set in train by the expansion of the Lunda Empire. The result was the establishment of Lundainfluenced political patterns of Kongo peoples in the area.

47. Bibliography On African Traditional Religion Human rights in African indigenous religion, Bulletin of Ecumenical Scriptures of African peoples The Sacred utterances of the Anlo, New York, 1973. http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/atr_bibliography.htm

Updated: 16 March, 2005 Abbink J., "Ritual and Environment: The Mósit ceremony of the Ethiopian Me'en people," Journal of Religion in Africa , "Reading the entrails: analysis of an African divination discourse", Man Abimbola W., "The Place of African Traditional Religion in Contemporary Africa: The Yoruba Example" in Olupona, ed. Kingship, Religion and Rituals in a Nigerian community: a phenomenological study of Ondo Yoruba festivals . Stockholm,1991, 51-58. Abrahamsson H., The Origin of Death, Studies in African Mythology, Studia Ethnographica Upsaliensia III, Uppsala, 1951. Acheampong S.O., "Reconstructing the structure of Akan traditional religion," Mission Ackah C. A., Akan Ethics. A Study of the Moral Ideasand the Moral Behaviour of the Akan Tribes of Ghana, Accra, 1988. Achebe Chinua, "Chi in Igbo Cosmology", in In Morning Yet on creation day, N.Y., 1975. Achebe Chinwe, The World of the Ogbanje, Enugu, 1986. Adagala K., "Mother Nature, Patriarchal Cosmology & Gender" in Gilbert E.M., ed. Nairobi: Masaki Publishers.1992, 47-65.

48. Florida Museum Of Natural History Ichthyology Department The Kuna believe that sawfishes (suku) are special are utilized as spirit guidesby indigenous shamans. Cloth appliqué mola (Kuna people, San Blas Archipelago http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/organizations/ssg/sharknews/sn14/shark14news5.html

HOME COLLECTION EDUCATION IMAGE GALLERY ... FLMNH The IUCN/SSC Shark Specialist Group Shark News 14 : March 2002 Selections... Sharks Homepage American Elasmobranch Society Commercial Shark Fishery Observer Program International Shark Attack File National Shark Research Consortium Sawfish Recovery Team Shark Specialist Group Basking Shark Megamouth Shark Spiny Dogfish Whale Shark White Shark Acknowledgements Biological Profiles Education Image Gallery Meetings Shark Games Shark Links Sharks in the News Shark References Site Contents Sawfishes in the indigenous art of Panama Matthew T. McDavitt Sawfishes have long appeared in the native art of Panama. 1,400 years ago, bold geometric sawfishes adorned the pottery of the Coclé people of Central Panama. Highly stylized, these sawfishes often merge in complex, swirling patterns with other marine and riverine denizens such as crocodiles and sharks. The descendants of the Coclé were annihilated when the Spanish conquered the New World, so we do not know what significance sawfishes held for this culture. Several modern studies of Coclé iconography have put forth two possibilities. Linares suggests that sawfishes, along with other dangerous creatures, symbolized "aggression and hostility", qualities valued by a warrior society (Linares 1977). In contrast, Labbe interprets these sawfishes as shape-shifting manifestations of shamans or their spirit-animal assistants (Labbe 1995). Certainly, modern Native American societies in Panama view sawfishes as spiritually powerful beings sought out by shamans.

49. The Corner House - “Blood” And “Culture” They should quite clearly be separated, and if other African governments refuse to 37 indigenous peoples have argued for the past 20 years and more that http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/item.shtml?x=51967

50. This Site Has Moved To Http://www.westpapua.ca So, over some renewed African objections, did the General have shown little sensitivityto indigenous people, who are or more politely as suku terasing, exotic http://westpapua.ouvaton.org/?q=node/view/3

51. CNECPI Australia .. ViewMag.php addicts. 14. SAT. MALAYSIA Pray for the first Cahaya suku team tobe working among the indigenous Malay people. Pray http://www.cnecpi.com/viewmag.php?id=17&pnp=1

52. WoYaa!: ARTS Discover firsthand the vitality and significance of African peoples, African American Quilts This dazzling display presents an indigenous American art, http://www.woyaa.com/linksfr/ARTS/more10.html

Web Calendrier Forums Vos liens Favoris ... Login Faîtes votre recherche plus d'options Home ARTS : Page 10 Naviguez par répertoire: ANNUAIRES WEB ARTISANAT STATUETTES MASQUES ... LITTERATURE new ECRIVAINS PHOTOGRAPHIE LIENS: Pages: Afribilia - Main Menu The main menu for our online shop where you can buy coins, medals, stamps, banknotes, militaria, postcards, masks, art, ephemera and items of historical or political interest from across Africa onlin (Date d'ajout: Thu Mar 25 2004 Hits: 6 Rang: 0.00 Votes: 0) Donnez une note ajoutez votre commentaire envoyer ce lien à un ami! Afribilia - Wants list Wanted Afribilia is interested in buying the following items: Military medals, full-sized or miniature, from African countries or awarded to African recipients Non-military commemorative medals or medallions, cased or uncased, from African... http://www.afribilia.com/wants.html (Date d'ajout: Thu Mar 25 2004 Hits: 8 Rang: 0.00 Votes: 0) Donnez une note ajoutez votre commentaire envoyer ce lien à un ami! Africa - Countries The countries of Africa Click for smaller image GIF [43k] Picture Index Main Index the ARC Terms and conditions of... http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/LargecountriesAfrica.html

53. Inter Press Service News Agency textbooks, which translates into distant people , a term and ecological effectson indigenous communities, whose local acronym for Concern for suku Anak Dalam http://ipsnews.net/sendnews.asp?idnews=19567

54. Partners International - Prayer Action Guide Our indigenous Ministry Partners Download Annual Report US Chinese PartnershipMobilization Leadership Team North africa/Middle East http://www.partnersintl.org/getinvolved/prayer.php

Our Indigenous Ministry Partners Download Annual Report US Chinese Partnership Mobilization Leadership Team ... Employment Gift wrap an education for a child in Asia. Visit Harvest of Hope! Email Updates, Newsletters and more. Sign up now! How to pray for Partners International: One option is to use the monthly Prayer Calendar. You will need the free Acrobat Reader to view it. August September The other option is to use the prayer requests below. We update the requests as needed. You may print the material for your personal or church use. Partners International—General * Praise for our Regional Directors who present to donors (individuals, churches and foundations) the work and needs of the indigenous ministries we assist. Pray that the directors have the heart of a pastor in each contact they make. * Our Ministry Development team, headed by Phil Arendt, requests prayer for Storying Seminars to be held over the next several months in several of our ministries. Participants will learn how to share the Gospel with non-literates in ways that are culturally relevant and effective among oral communicators. Pray for God to send the people of His choosing, and to provide the necessary resources. * Thank God for our faithful donor churches, foundations and individuals. A good number have been our partners for many years. Ask God to bless them for their prayers and financial support to make the gospel message available to people in the least Christian regions of the world. Thank you for praying for the requests below.

55. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles of initiation and social advancement clearly differentiates them from neighboringpeople groups. The fundamental kin group of the Abung is called the suku. http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=100031&rog3=ID

56. Angola Angola s remaining indigenous peoples fell into two disparate categories. some werealso acquainted with African languages, and Thus the Sukumost of them in http://wrc.lingnet.org/Angola.htm

57. PreventConflict.org - Regions 20 Feb 2003 Bicarakan Dulu Pemekaran Papua dengan Kepala suku dan Gereja 01 Nov 1994 - The Technology Adoption Behaviour of the indigenous People of http://www.preventconflict.org/portal/main/maps_wpapua_resources.php

more about search Monday, 26 Sep 2005 Regions Indonesia Regions Java Kalimantan Maluku ... Sumatra West Papua/Irian Jaya Overview Background The Conflict Actors ... Nusa Tenggara West Papua/Irian Jaya Executive Summary West Papua, also known as Irian Jaya, is Indonesia’s most easterly province, comprising the western half of the world’s second largest island. Home to one of the world’s principal copper and gold mining operations, West Papua/Irian Jaya is the nation’s least developed region, with a majority of the population occupied with agriculture, fishing and hunting. West Papua/Irian Jaya is also one of the primary locations for Indonesia’s program on transmigration, the voluntary relocation of Indonesians from overcrowded cities to the peripheral regions of the archipelago. West Papua/Irian Jaya is home to a secessionist movement that has been in the making for 40 years. The province left Dutch rule in 1962, was briefly under UN authority, and in 1963 joined the Indonesian state. Many indigenous inhabitants, however, believed that the province achieved independence on December 1, 1961 when Dutch rulers agreed to allow self-rule. Despite a heavy military presence that has lasted since the annexation in 1963, West Papua/Irian Jaya has experienced limited, although severe, outbursts of violence. The Free Papua Movement (OPM), a low-level guerilla movement, has been fighting for independence since 1961. Troubles between the military and the Papuan population escalated, however, after Suharto’s fall in 1998 and a new round of calls for independence was ignited.

58. Africa Mozambique, Flag of Mozambique, Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects note Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in http://www.ethiotrans.com/africa.htm

Africa Home About Africa Services Health Education Portfolio Get Quote ... Ruwanda County Flag Language Support Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Yes Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Yes Benin French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north) Yes Botswana English (official), Setswana Yes Burkina Faso French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population Yes Burundi Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Yes Cameroon 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) Yes Central African Republic French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili Yes Chad French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects Yes Congo, Democratic Republic of the

59. OneWorld Africa Home / In Depth / Asia And The Pacific / South East Asia / Vietn OneWorld.net, OneWorld africa, OneWorld Austria, OneWorld Canada, OneWorld Finland 12.01.2005 Vietnam s indigenous Montagnard people are Christians in a http://africa.oneworld.net/article/country/704/

OneWorld Africa home In depth Asia and the Pacific South East Asia ... Vietnam Search for OneWorld.net OneWorld Africa OneWorld Austria OneWorld Canada OneWorld Finland OneWorld Italy OneWorld Latin America OneWorld Netherlands OneWorld South Asia OneWorld Spain OneWorld SouthEast Europe OneWorld UK OneWorld United States AIDSChannel Digital Opportunity Kids Channel LearningChannel NEWS IN DEPTH PARTNERS GET INVOLVED ... OUR NETWORK South East Asia Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands ... Help Full Coverage: Vietnam If you wish to look further into some topics fill out the search criteria below or select from the menu on the left. keyword topic select Development Capacity building Children Cities Agriculture Aid Education Emergency relief Energy Fisheries Food Intermediate technology International cooperation Labour Land MDGs Migration Population Poverty Refugees Social exclusion Tourism Transport Volunteering Water/sanitation Youth Economy Consumption Corporations Credit and investment Debt Finance Microcredit Business Trade Environment Climate change Conservation Environmental activism Forests Genetics Animals Nuclear Issues Atmosphere Oceans Pollution Biodiversity Renewable energy Rivers Soils Health Disease AIDS Infant mortality Malaria Narcotics Nutrition/malnutrition Human rights Civil rights Disability Gender Indigenous rights Race politics Religion Sexuality Social exclusion Communication Culture Freedom of expression

60. OneWorld Africa Home / In Depth / Asia And The Pacific / South West Asia / Iran With this new status, members of the People?s Mujahideen (Mujahedine Khalq sukusuurin turva Bamissa. 04.03.2004 suku ja sukulaiset olivat se tuki, joka http://africa.oneworld.net/article/country/364/

OneWorld Africa home In depth Asia and the Pacific South West Asia ... Iran Search for OneWorld.net OneWorld Africa OneWorld Austria OneWorld Canada OneWorld Finland OneWorld Italy OneWorld Latin America OneWorld Netherlands OneWorld South Asia OneWorld Spain OneWorld SouthEast Europe OneWorld UK OneWorld United States AIDSChannel Digital Opportunity Kids Channel LearningChannel NEWS IN DEPTH PARTNERS GET INVOLVED ... OUR NETWORK South West Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia ... Help Full Coverage: Iran If you wish to look further into some topics fill out the search criteria below or select from the menu on the left. keyword topic select Development Capacity building Children Cities Agriculture Aid Education Emergency relief Energy Fisheries Food Intermediate technology International cooperation Labour Land MDGs Migration Population Poverty Refugees Social exclusion Tourism Transport Volunteering Water/sanitation Youth Economy Consumption Corporations Credit and investment Debt Finance Microcredit Business Trade Environment Climate change Conservation Environmental activism Forests Genetics Animals Nuclear Issues Atmosphere Oceans Pollution Biodiversity Renewable energy Rivers Soils Health Disease AIDS Infant mortality Malaria Narcotics Nutrition/malnutrition Human rights Civil rights Disability Gender Indigenous rights Race politics Religion Sexuality Social exclusion Communication Culture Freedom of expression ICT Internet Knowledge Media Science

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