81. Sudan Vision --- Independant Daily culture Language, culture and Identity in sudan. A Lecture Presented in AfricaInternational University By Professor Al Amin Abu Manga Mohamed , In the http://www.sudanvisiondaily.com/modules.php?name=News&file=categories&op=newinde

82. TRAVEL.com ® RegionalAfricaSudanSociety And Culture TRAVEL.com local travel guides, low fares for airline tickets, hotels reservations,car rentals, travel deals, cruises and vacation packages, weather. http://www.travel.com/Regional/Africa/Sudan/Society_and_Culture/

83. The Culture History Of The Republic Of The Sudan The culture history of the Republic of the sudan. Halfawi’s painings reflectsudan’s rich heritage going back to a very ancient civilisation, http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/33/index-ff.html

The culture history of the Republic of the Sudan Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives The history in general of the Republic of the Sudan Drawing The Line Between Islam and Ethnicity Arab and Islam must be separated an African and a Muslim would otherwise not fit into the organisation. The Plight Of Learners In Sudan By Rovianne Matovu, New Vision The history of superstition in the Republic of Sudan Clashes Over Church Services UN Integrated Regional Information Network (Nairobi), 13 April 2001. Protesting Sudanese Christians from the South were arrested in Khartoum in clashes with the police. They were protesting a government order to transfer Easter services from central Khartoum to the suburbs, which aimed to avoid clashes between Moslems and Christians.

84. Connect Politic...: Jeff Chang: Why Do We Love Writing About Hip-hop? Yet in some regions, like sudan, culture is being destroyed because culture helpsto keep people united and find common ground. See www.sudanforum.com An http://blogs.sohh.com/connect_politic/archives/2005/07/jeff_chang.html

Connect Politic... the conscious side of the hip-hop generation Main Jeff Chang: Why Do We Love Writing About Hip-hop? Hey Tamara, Hope all is well, the book is blowing up, and the weather is good on your side of the Bay! Getting a chance to link up back with you within the blog fishbowl is a pretty cool thing. And I know it's going to be a really interesting conversation because we've been asked to talk about hip-hop history. Now this is funny to me in some ways. We're both Left Coastersand Bay Area partisans, at that. (Representing the blue and gold and the green and gold and the paying side of the Bay Bridge, which I'm always gonna be bitter about...) So it's strange that I'd go and do a history that falls in love with the Bronx Long Island Watts DC , and many other placesbut makes little mention of the Yay, the place where I actually chose to put down some rootsand that you're doing the history of the Dirrrty. To take it further, I grew up on an island in the Pacific. Hip-hop is often so much about representing where you're from and who you are. I guess a great place to start this conversation is: what in the world possessed us to think we could do what we did Clearly part of the answer is in how the culture has affected us.

85. Sudan Archaeology - The Archaeology Of Sudan sudan Archaeology Archaeological resources and site descriptions of sites in The AGroup culture is an early farming (Neolithic into early Bronze Age) http://archaeology.about.com/od/suda1/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Archaeology World Atlas ... Africa Sudan Homework Help Archaeology Essentials Ancient Daily Life ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Archaeology newsletter! See Online Courses Search Archaeology Sudan Archaeology Archaeological resources and site descriptions of sites in the African country of Sudan. Alphabetical Recent Up a category World Atlas: Sudan The original web page for Sudan, on the World Atlas of Archaeology on the Web. Excursis IV: Nubiathe Land Upriver From Peter Piccione at the Oriental Institute, a mostly text description of this ancient empire on the Nile River. A-Group Culture The A-Group culture is an early farming (Neolithic into early Bronze Age) culture of Lower Nubia, 3900-2900 BC. B-Group Culture The B-Group culture refers to an Early Bronze Age Nubian culture (2900-2000 BC), which is preceded by the A-Group and followed by the C-Group (or Kushite). C-Group Culture The third segment of the terms used by archaeologists to define Nubian culture, the C-Group lasted from about 2000-1700 BC.

86. Sudan Resources sudan. Sites Universities Researchers culture History Info. Geography andMaps Ancient Atlas sudan. Archaeological Sites. Early Khartoum Sites http://archaeology.about.com/library/atlas/blsudan.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Archaeology World Atlas ... Sudan Sudan Resources Homework Help Archaeology Essentials Ancient Daily Life ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Archaeology newsletter! See Online Courses Search Archaeology Sudan Sites Universities Researchers Culture History ... Ancient Atlas: Sudan Archaeological Sites Early Khartoum Sites Investigations at several sites along the Nile north of Khartoum, by Elena A. A. Garcea, an abstract from the Journal of Field Archaeology. Gebel Barka1 A virtual reality construction of the sacred mountain and temples of Thutmose III and Ramesses II, from the Learning Sites. Gism el Arba From l'Espace Culturel, French Archaeological Mission of Gism el-Arba, excavations and survey near this Kush city. In French. Kerma From the Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris, the first Nubian state, 2500-1500 BC. Ile de Sai From l'Espace Culturel, a description of the archaeology of this island in the Nile River, including Palaeolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age

87. JEWISH ROOTS IN SUDAN I am from South sudan, the largely Christian, African portion of the sudan, whichhas long This is in Leviticus, and also is imbedded in Madi culture, http://www.jewishpost.com/jp0202/jpn202e.htm

'); document.write(' News Articles Jewishpost of NY JEWISH ROOTS IN SUDAN By: William Levi Ochan Ajjugo When most people think of Judaism in black Africa, they think of the so-called Falashas, Bet Israel, Ethiopian Jews who have kept the essentials of biblical Judaism despite being isolated geographically from other Jews for thousands of years. The Falashas are in fact the tip of the iceberg. Judaism came to Africa long before Islam or even Christianity, itself an early arrival. Hebrews have been in Africa hundreds of years before the exodus from Egypt. So influential was ancient Judaism in northern and eastern Africa that anthropologists have devised a test to tell whether a given tribe or people has Hebraic roots: It does so if males are circumcised at age of 1 or earlier. I am from South Sudan, the largely Christian, African portion of the Sudan, which has long been dominated by Arab Muslims to the north, in Khartoum. I am from a tribe called the Madi, and while we did not retain Judaism as thoroughly as did the Falashas in neighboring Ethiopia, I am amazed as I look back at how many of our customs seem to have come from the Hebrew Scriptures. Among Christians and non- Christians like, one G-d was worshipped. As in the Book of Leviticus, blood sacrifices were offered or sins. The worst sins required the sacrifice of a sheep, the ones below these a boat, and the "least" sins a chicken. A hereditary group of elders or priests decided which to sacrifice, and presided over these and other ceremonies.

88. Resilience And Culture/Ethnicity Examples From Sudan, Namibia, And Armenia Sudanese children in the family and culture. In UP Gielen, LL Adler NAMilgran (Eds.) Psychology in International Perspective. http://resilnet.uiuc.edu/library/grotb98b.html

Full-Text Publications Resilience and Culture/Ethnicity Examples from Sudan, Namibia, and Armenia Edith H. Grotberg, Ph.D. Differentiating culture/ethnic groups The limits of identifying characteristics unique to cultural/ethnic groups are well described by J.S. Phinney (1996). In reviewing the literature, she indicates that much of the research is limited in definition, measurement and differentiation of group characteristics. The results are generalizations rather than specifics about whether a cultural/ethnic group stresses individualism more than collectivism; independence more than interdependence; separation more than family affiliation; acquisition for self more than generosity; self-fulfillment more than interpersonal harmony. And these are not categorical so much as dimensions along which individuals and groups vary and, indeed, change over time. Not only are cultural/ethnic characteristics on a continuum, they are also variable as a result of changes in society and of various program interventions. Some examples are provided, including three studies from Sudan; the International Resilience Research Project (IRRP), which involved four countries of the Pacific Rim; and research in Singapore, and in Taiwan, also from the Rim. Another study (Cheong, 1996), occurred in Singapore, making comparisons with other neighboring cultural/ethnic groups. The intent was to identify changes in traditional values of harmony, group orientation, etc., to more western values of independence , competition, etc. The results seemed clear that independence and competition were emerging as values, especially in the economic area. The International Resilience Research Project, which gathered data from Taiwan, Japan, Vietnam and Thailand, found that in Taiwan and Japan, educational competition occurred as early as the preschool level, where tutors are often hired to prepare the young children for an educational advantage when they enter school and also while continuing school. Another study in Taiwan by Rosina Chia, et al., (1997) indicated that Chinese are competitive and aggressive with outside groups but not with inside groups, where vertical relationships demand obedience and dependence.

89. Guangdong Finds Major Source Of Sudan I - People And Life Homeculture/Life/Edu-People And Life The first product found to containSudan One in China was the pepper sauce brand, Meiweiyuan. http://www.newsgd.com/culture/peopleandlife/200504080038.htm

90. 88 Kinds Of Food Contain Sudan I - People And Life - Culture 88 kinds of food contain sudan I. Latest Updated by 200504-07 103031. The Statequality watchdog found cancer-causing sudan I in 88 kinds of food and http://www.newsgd.com/culture/peopleandlife/200504070069.htm

91. Swissinfo Swiss Information Business Culture News Informations Of Switzerland :I A Swiss mediator who was involved in talks between sudan’s warring sides says A lot will depend on the role that sudan People’s Liberation Movement http://www.swissinfo.org/sen/swissinfo.html?siteSect=107&sid=5984975&cKey=112313

92. Swissinfo Swiss Information Business Culture News Informations Of Switzerland: F In Seco’s statistics for 2002, arms exports to sudan totalled just SFr4,100. Among the peace initiatives for sudan, Switzerland hosted a conference in http://www.swissinfo.org/sen/swissinfo.html?siteSect=105&sid=5056797

93. Regional: Africa: Sudan: Society And Culture - Open Site Regional Africa sudan Society and culture Open Site. http://open-site.org/Regional/Africa/Sudan/Society_and_Culture/

Open Site The Open Encyclopedia Project home submit content become an editor the entire directory only in Sudan/Society_and_Culture Top Regional Africa Sudan : Society and Culture History Military Description In Sudan’s 1993 census, the population was calculated at 26 million. No comprehensive census has been carried out since that time due to the continuation of the civil war. Current estimates range to 32 million. The population of metropolitan Khartoum (including Khartoum, Omdurman, and Khartoum North) is growing rapidly and ranges from 6-7 million, including around 2 million displaced persons from the southern war zone as well as western and eastern drought-affected areas. Sudan has two distinct major culturesArab and black Africanwith hundreds of ethnic and tribal divisions and language groups, which makes effective collaboration among them a major problem. The northern states cover most of the Sudan and include most of the urban centers. Most of the 22 million Sudanese who live in this region are Arabic-speaking Muslims, though the majority also use a traditional non-Arabic mother tonguee.g., Nubian, Beja, Fur, Nuban, Ingessana, etc. Among these are several distinct tribal groups: the Kababish of northern Kordofan, a camel-raising people; the Ja’alin and Shaigiyya groups of settled tribes along the rivers; the seminomadic Baggara of Kordofan and Darfur; the Hamitic Beja in the Red Sea area and Nubians of the northern Nile areas, some of whom have been resettled on the Atbara River; and the Negroid Nuba of southern Kordofan and Fur in the western reaches of the country.

94. The Entire Directory Only In Sudan/Society_and_Culture Top AnwarKing Information about sudanese culture. British Council sudan -Information on facilities and programs. Coalition Against Slavery in Mauritania http://www.sitesatlas.com/cgi-bin/pod/pod.cgi?dir=/Regional/Africa/Sudan/Society

95. Republic Of Turkey, Ministry Of Culture - Sudan sudan. Holy Lands Distance Turkish Learning Center. Rebuplic of TurkeyMinistry of culture and Tourism 2004 © All Rights Reserved. http://www.kulturturizm.gov.tr/portal/tarih_en.asp?belgeno=1418

96. Sudan : Mensen, Politiek, Economie, Cultuur = Sudan : People, Politics, Economy, economie, cultuur = sudan people, politics, economy, culture t Groups /Armed Conflict / Religion / culture. Geographical terms, sudan http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/Library/books.nsf/0/478432bd227a2014c12566aa0051fb83?Op

97. Sudan, 8000-2000 B.C. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum Of Art See abridged lists of rulers in sudan and ancient Egypt and Nubia. 2800–2200BC The AGroup culture is driven out of Lower Nubia by the Egyptians. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/afs/ht02afs.htm

Encompasses ancient Nubia See also Egypt See abridged lists of rulers in Sudan and ancient Egypt and Nubia Nubia covers an area stretching along the Nile valley from the sixth cataract in the south to the first cataract in the north, which marks the southern border of pharaonic Egypt. Because no Nubian languages are recorded before about the second century B.C., the cultures of ancient Nubia are known primarily through archaeological remains supplemented by ancient Egyptian textual references to places such as Wawat and Kush, and to peoples such as the Nehesyu and the Medjayu. The names given to the different cultures and cultural phases have been assigned by modern archaeologists and historians. The A-Group culture is driven out of Lower Nubia by the Egyptians. During this period, Egypt dominates Nubia between the first and third cataracts, conducting periodic raids into Upper Nubia to the south. Egypt's purpose is to control trade in raw materials and to exploit the rich deposits of stone and gold in the deserts of Lower Nubia. To this end, Egyptian trading and mining settlements are established as early as Egypt's Dynasty 4 (ca. 2500 B.C.). In the late Old Kingdom (ca. 2200 B.C.), Egyptian texts document a warlike people called the Medjayu, who live in the eastern deserts of Upper and Lower Nubia. These nomads have alternately peaceful and hostile relations with the more settled populations along the Nile, both in Nubia and Egypt. Highly valued for their military skills, the Medjayu serve as mercenaries in the Egyptian army and desert police force from the late Old Kingdom. The Medjayu, a nomadic people, have left no identifiable archaeological remains earlier than the second millennium B.C.

98. Sudan, 2000-1000 B.C. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum Of Art sudan, 2000Æ1000 BC Encompasses ancient Nubia 2200–1500 BC (CGroup) Peopleof the C-Group culture (descendants of the A-Group) begin to resettle Lower http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/03/afs/ht03afs.htm

Encompasses ancient Nubia See also Egypt See abridged lists of rulers in Sudan and ancient Egypt and Nubia These nomads from the eastern Nubian desert have alternately peaceful and hostile relations with the more settled populations along the Nile, both in Nubia and Egypt. Highly valued for their military skills, the Medjayu serve as mercenaries in the Egyptian army and desert police force from the late Old Kingdom New Kingdom . As with most nomadic peoples, the Medjayu left little in the archaeological record. The only physical evidence attributed to them are distinctive burials, called pan graves, that appear sporadically in cemeteries of Upper Egypt and Lower Nubia beginning in the Second Intermediate Period. Kerma loses control of Lower Nubia at the beginning of Egypt's New Kingdom , when the Egyptian kings of Dynasty 18 begin a series of campaigns against Upper Nubia. By about 1450 B.C., Egypt controls Nubia as far south as the fourth cataract. Upper and Lower Nubia become a virtual colony of Egypt, ruled by a viceroy called the "King's Son of Kush." Egyptian settlements are established, and temples are built to Egyptian gods. The most important center is Napata, near the sacred mountain of Jebel Barkal, just downstream from the fourth cataract, where a temple is built to honor the great Theban god Amun. During this period, the majority Nubian population probably participates in the administration of the Egyptian province of Nubia. The Art of Ancient Egypt: A Resource for Educators The Art of Ancient Egypt: A Web Resource Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids (1999 Exhibition) Special Exhibitions:

99. Sudan Society & Culture Guide  sudan Society culture Guide Arabji.Com/sudan. sudan Portal, Search Engine,Directory, Internet Guide Yellow Pages http://www.arabji.com/Sudan/soc.htm

Arabji Com /Sudan Arabic Pan Arab Sudan Community Aid Abroad: Sudan A collection of articles and links that highlight development and the human rights situation in Sudan Just Grieve 4 Sudan Resources on current conflicts in Sudan, with links to reports, geographical information, and organizations. United Methodist Committee on Relief: Sudan About famine relief and development projects. Miftah Shamali Relevant Information on Sudan Sudan Home Page by Yasin Miheisi Basic Information on Sudan Sudan - Alhajeri, Saud Sudan WWW Sites ABC Country Book of Sudan Sudan Interactive Factbook Free South Sudan The people of the South Sudan. Basic information [Medea database] Exploring Nubia Gateway to Nubia NAPATA Site on Nubian Culture The Nubian Homepage Sudan Artist's Gallery Miftah Shammali: Sudan Republic of Sudan Web Site (by Thee Monawar) ... Languages of Sudan Ethnologue Database Hassan al-Tourabi [Medea database] Ismail Share My name is Is mail Share if Suliman from Khartoum the capital of Sudan Welcome to my homepage - my music center!

100. Sudan:@:Culture_and_Conduct_or_Local_Customs - Tourist Information And Traveling culture and Conduct or Local Customs. New from template culture and Conduct orLocal Customs, Help File. global urlstack is empty wginfo= http://secure.hospitalityclub.org/hc/travel_information.php?wgInfo=Sudan:@:Cultu

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