61. Commonwealth Games - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The Commonwealth Games, like the olympic Games, has also suffered the spectre of (with transcript) on the history and future of the friendly games . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games

Commonwealth Games From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Commonwealth Games is a multi-sport event held every four years involving the elite athletes of The Commonwealth . The first such event, then known as the British Empire Games , was held in . The name changed to British Empire and Commonwealth Games in , to British Commonwealth Games in and assumed the current name of the Commonwealth Games in As well as many Olympic sports , the Games also include some sports that are played mainly in Commonwealth countries, such as lawn bowls and netball Unlike other regional games of this type (i.e., Pan-American Games Asian Games All-Africa Games ) which usually attract second-tier athletes, the Commonwealth Games attracts the top athletes of member nations of the Commonwealth, thus making this competition world-rate in the true sense of the word (second only to the Olympic Games ). Attendance is typically around 5,000 athletes, which puts these games in third place behind the Olympics and the Despite this, the Commonwealth games have still not been free from criticism. Medal counts in the Commonwealth Games tend to be heavily slanted towards the largest, industralized nations such as Canada and Australia . It is thus been claimed that the Commonwealth Games are quite one-sided and serve as little more than an easy ego-stroking victory for these nations. Much like the Commonwealth itself, the games also face increasing questions of justifying their contemporary relevance in a changing world.

62. BBC SPORT | Other Sport | Olympics 2012 | Five Up For Games Inclusion Golf, rugby union and squash are among five sports under consideration for Every top squash player would rank an olympic medal as the greatest prize in http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/olympics_2012/3683482.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Question of Sport CHOOSE A SPORT Select Football Cricket Rugby U Rugby L Tennis Golf Motorspt Boxing Athletics Snooker Racing Cycling Disability Sport Other N Ireland Scotland Wales Last Updated: Monday, 22 November, 2004, 16:31 GMT E-mail this to a friend Printable version Five up for Games inclusion Golf, rugby union and squash have been included in a shortlist of five sports being considered for the 2012 Olympics. Karate and roller sports complete the list, while softball, baseball and modern pentathlon could be excluded. "We have sent a questionnaire to the 28 Summer federations represented in the Olympic Games," an IOC spokesman said. "It is all part of an ongoing review of the programme. As part of this process the IOC has decided to include five sports not currently in the Games." IOC president Jacques Rogge has said that no sport can be included without another dropping out. "We'll decide (about new entries) in 2005. Golf, rugby, squash and roller skating are knocking on the door," Rogge told the Corriere della Sera newspaper. "But for every novelty, we will need to give up a discipline. Nothing can be added. The golden numbers are 300 events, 28 sports, 10,400 athletes at most."

63. MIT Intercollegiate Athletics - Official Athletic Site - History MIT olympic history. CREW Gary Piantedosi 76, 1976, United States John Everett 76,1980, United States Elizabeth Bradley 81, 1988, United States http://mitathletics.collegesports.com/history/mit-olympians.html

MIT Home Zesiger Center DAPER Home Choose Sport General News Baseball M Basketball W Basketball M Heavyweight Crew M Lightweight Crew W Openweight Crew W Lightweight Crew M Cross Country W Cross Country M Fencing W Fencing Field Hockey Football M Golf M Gymnastics W Gymnastics M Ice Hockey W Ice Hockey M Lacrosse W Lacrosse Pistol Rifle Sailing Alpine Skiing M Soccer W Soccer Softball Squash M Tennis W Tennis M Volleyball W Volleyball Water Polo Wrestling Alumni Resources Club Sports Compliance and Eligibility Contact Us ... Weather History MIT OLYMPIC HISTORY CREW Gary Piantedosi '76, 1976, United States John Everett '76, 1980, United States Elizabeth Bradley '81, 1988, United States Steve Tucker '91, 2000 and 2004, men's lightweight double sculls, United States Liane Marcos, 2004, spare, United States (MIT COACH) FENCING Joseph Levis '26, 1932, Foil, United States, Silver medalist Johan Harmenberg '81, 1980, Epee, Sweden, Gold medalist WOMEN'S ICE HOCKEY Julie Sasner, 2002 Winter Olympics, Asst. Coach, Silver medalist (MIT HEAD COACH) RIFLE Herb Voelcker '48, 1956, high-powered rifle, United States

64. History SRA history The history of squash Work of the SRA Early days Structure of the sport,Notable Achievements history OF THE squash RACKETS ASSOCIATION http://www.squash.co.uk/Main Topics/history.htm

SRA History The History of squash Work of the SRA Early days ... SRA office staff - Who do you need to contact SRA The SRA is responsible for the organization and promotion of squash in England. It supervises the most successful sport in the country. The Association also contributes to the work of the World Squash Federation in the overall regulation of the world game. Click on the headings in the bar above for more information about its management, organization, how it carries out its role and where it sees its future. The organization of the SRA has two key components, the Board and the Office. The Board of Directors has the overall responsibility. The counties and other people appoint them. In due course we will have more information for you on the profiles of the people concerned and their roles. The office organization is show diagrammatically under the tab above. Pictures are being prepared of all the staff; you will then be able to know whom you are talking to. There are also important organization links between the SRA and Sport England and all the associated sports administration bodies, each of which has a say in how the SRA is run. HISTORY OF THE SQUASH RACKETS ASSOCIATION The Squash Rackets Association was founded in 1928 to take over the administration of the game in Britain from the Tennis and Rackets Association.It was the recognized world authority for squash until the formation in 1967 of the International Squash Rackets Federation (now called the World Squash Federation). In 1928 the SRA had a membership of just 25 clubs which compares with over 2,500 today and an individual membership of over 5,000.

65. The History Of Racquetball – From Prisons To Country Clubs Since Sobek’s prototype, racquetball racquets (bigger than squash racquets) havebecome a lot The history of Snowboarding – From Garages to the Olympics http://www.thehistoryof.net/history-of-racquetball.html

Home Index Media Submit Article ... History Of Racquetball The History of Racquetball – From Prisons to Country Clubs In the 1800s, when people would run up debt and couldn’t pay, there was no such thing as a charge-off or protective bankruptcy. People who owed money would go to debtors’ prisons. Men would move into the prisons with their families and all of their possessions. A lot of the men were prosperous in their past lives (often beyond their means, which put them in a debtors’ prison in the first place), and they had tennis racquets (racket is also an acceptable spelling) with them. They started playing ball with their racquets against the prison walls. The courts began appearing outside a lot of prisons. They would either just use one wall, or there would be three walls. There was never a fourth, back wall. This was the game called “Rackets.” Soon the game began being played at schools and was no longer a prison game. The game was brought to Canada from the British Army, and it eventually spread to the United States – it was even a sport in the Olympics at one point - but it never really caught on. There are still a few courts in existence to this day. The most important thing about the game is that it is thought to be the origin of a game called “Squash Rackets.” It also, therefore, played an important part in the history of racquetball. There weren’t enough rackets courts, so instead of waiting for long periods of time for an available court, people played in smaller courts designed for handball. The rackets ball was too hard to play with on the smaller court, so someone thought of poking holes in the ball. It worked well, and when you hit the ball with a racquet, it deflated. The racquets squashed the ball. Hence, the game was called squash rackets. There was also a squash tennis sport where people simply used tennis balls and racquets to play the same game.

66. History Of Racquetball A resident of Greenwich, CT, Sobek was also a tennis pro and squash and handballplayer. In the late 1970’s, racquetball history saw a huge surge in the http://www.rbdepot.com/racquetball_history.asp

Guaranteed lowest prices on racquetball equipment online! Racquetball Depot: "Where Racquetball Rules! " Product Search: Racquetball Racquets Racquetball Gloves Racquetball Shoes Racquetballs ... Members Only Specials Join the Racquetball Depot Email: Home Racquetball - The Game History of Racquetball The History of Racquetball Joseph G. Sobek inventor of racquetball Using a platform tennis racket as a pattern, Sobek drew up plans for a new, short, strung racket and had 25 prototypes made in 1950. He began promoting the new sport by selling these prototypes to his fellow members of the Greenwich, CT YMCA. The game was catching on, but players found fault with the ball, so Sobek set out to find a better ball for his new sport. He found what he was looking for in an inexpensive Spalding rubber ball for children, and bought as many as he could to keep his new sport going. Sobek eventually founded his own company to manufacture balls to his exact specifications. In 1952, Sobek founded the Paddle Rackets Association. He codified a set of rules and printed them up, sent out promotional kits to YMCAs and other sporting organizations to promote the sport, and provided clinics to teach new players the new sport of racquetball.

67. Sport, Sport History, And Olympics Resource List Journals in SPORT Journals in SPORT history Journals in OLYMPICS Indexes 796.34Tennis, Badminton, squash, Lacrosse 796.352Golf http://www.library.uiuc.edu/alx/sprtcode.htm

Applied Life Studies Library Journals in SPORT Journals in SPORT HISTORY Journals in OLYMPICS Library of Congress Subject Headings ... Recent Acquisitions Journals in SPORT Aethlon: the Journal of Sport Literature (PE, SD, SP) Athletic Business (PE, SP) Athletics administration (PE, SP, SR) Aquatics International (SP) Bicycling (PE, SP, SR) China Sports (SP) Coffin Corner (Professional Football Researchers Association) (SP) Enthusiast IHSA news (Illinois High School Association) International Bulletin of Sports Information (SP) International journal of the history of sport (PE, SD, SP, LRT) Interscholastic athletic administration (PE, SP) Journal of athletic training (CINAHL, PE, SP) Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation (CINAHL, MED, PE) Journal of sport history(PE, SP, LRT) Journal of sport management (PE, SD, SP, LRT) Leistungssport (SL, SP) Medicina Dello Sport (SP) NAIA News (National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics) (SP, SR) NCAA news (National Collegiate Athletic Association) (SP) NIRSA Journal (National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association) (PE, SP)

68. CBS News | Baseball Strikes Out At Olympics | July 8, 2005 11:00:42 squash and karate won the ballots, but then were rejected in final confirmation Swing and don t miss this interactive on baseball history, Barry Bonds http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/07/08/entertainment/main707533.shtml

SEARCH: CBSNews.com The Web document.write('') Home U.S. World Politics ... CBS News Video ET The Early Show CBS Evening News 48 Hours 60 Minutes ... Section Front E-mail This Story Printable Version Baseball Strikes Out At Olympics (Page 1 of 2) SINGAPORE, July 8, 2005 London 2012 Olympic bid flag flies in front of Big Ben clocktower, London, Britain, 2/15/2005. (AP) "I think they've made a big, big mistake. Baseball is played by all countries now, and softball, too..." Tommy Lasorda former Team USA and L.A. Dodgers manager (AP) Baseball and softball weren't big hits among International Olympic Committee members. Both American-invented sports were dropped Friday from the program for the 2012 Olympics in London — the first events cut from the Summer Games in 69 years. The IOC couldn't immediately agree on their replacements. Each of the 28 existing sports was put to a secret vote by the IOC, and baseball and softball failed to receive a majority required to stay on the program. The other 26 sports made the cut. The IOC then voted from a waiting list of five sports: golf, rugby, squash, karate and roller sports. Squash and karate won the ballots, but then were rejected in final confirmation votes, which required two-thirds majorities. Baseball and softball, which will remain on the program for the 2008 Beijing Games, are the first sports eliminated from the Olympics since polo in 1936. IOC president Jacques Rogge said the two sports would be eligible to win their way back onto the Olympic program for 2016.

69. Squash Online- Highlighting The Best The Internet Has To Offer Squash Players Why squash isn t an olympic Sport? The official story of the bid to put this right.squash World in uproar over Times Article http://www.groveparksquash.org.uk/squashonline.htm

Home News Players Teams ... Site Map Squash Online SQUASH ONLINE brought to you by GROVE PARK SQUASH CLUB in Manchester, UK Highlighting some of the best of what the internet has to offer squash players, whether you want keep up with the latest from the world of squash or you want to improve your game. Watch the game Follow the Game Rules of the game State of the game ... The buying game Proud sponsors of Grove Park Squash Club WATCH THE GAME LIVE WEB STREAMING is now available for all of the major PSA tournaments at the new PSA LIVE site. There is also a live scoreboard available free of charge. Also see a list of Video Clips of the top players in action, from various sites. "..keep up to the minute with Live Web Streaming - great for broadband users" SQUASH ON TV . Check when squash is on the box. From highlights of the PSA and WISPA tours to live matches of the British Open and the Super Series Finals. Top FOLLOW THE GAME You can follow all the latest news, draws and results online of all the major squash

70. Badminton History history of Badminton; Bibliography Sydney Olympics Badminton Page tactics,reaction, touch and fitness that would exhaust a squash champion. Watch out! http://members.tripod.com/realsmash/History.htm

Perimeter Badminton Club What's New Schedule Changes! Click for details... Schedule Details Need shuttlecocks? Check the Online shops! Pictures from 2001 Share a Child's Dream fund-raising dinner Badminton Video Clips Quotable Quotes "It's not whether you get knocked down. It's whether you get up again." - Vince Lombardi About Badminton Facts History Rules and Laws Inspirational Facing storms in life? Perspectives on stocks, profits, etc... Are you experiencing pain in your life? Read our Food for Thought Badminton History Bibliography: International Badminton Federation adminton has a surprisingly long history given its relatively recent introduction onto the Olympic scene. Badminton was invented long ago; its origins date back at least two thousand years to the game of battledore and shuttlecock played in ancient Greece, India and China. Badminton took its name from Badminton House in Gloucestershire, the home of the Duke of Beaufort, where the sport was played in the last century. By coincidence, Gloucestershire is now the base for the International Badminton Federation. Founded in 1934 with nine members - Canada, Denmark, England, France, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales, membership of the International Badminton Federation has risen steadily. There was a notable increase in new members after badminton's Olympic debut at Barcelona. Development in the sport continues to grow and the current 142 members is expected to increase further.

71. FASANOC Sponsorship PackagesList of Sponsors. history. Fiji Games 2003. The Fiji Associationof Sports and National olympic Committee (FASANOC) was founded in 1949 http://www.oceaniasport.com/fiji/index.cgi?sID=16

72. Web Archive Copy: History Of Women In Sport In Australia Australia’s history is rich in sport and women have contributed significantly The same two weeks in the following nonolympic year showed women’s sport http://www.ausport.gov.au/fulltext/2001/ascpub/women_history.asp

This is an archive copy of a document originally located at http://www.activeaustralia.org/women/history.htm History of Women in Sport in Australia Australia’s history is rich in sport and women have contributed significantly to that history. But the many champion women of Australian sport have largely triumphed over a system that worked strenuously against them. Australia was founded on pioneering spirit that encouraged a flourishing masculine culture while social etiquette supposedly restricted women to parlour games. The reality however, was that the physical demands of pioneering life meant colonial women became proficient shooters, rowers, archers, swimmers and equestrians. Around the time of Australia’s Federation at start of the 20 th century, sport became a means for an emerging nation to place itself on the world scene. This early lust for international success outweighed sexual prejudice and even today men – and women –who succeed on the international sports field, become national icons. Men who succeed domestically are also lionised by media and the public. This acceptance and adulation, however, does not extend to women. Metropolitan newspapers analysed during the Atlanta Olympics showed that up to 41 per cent of their sports coverage was devoted to women’s sport. This was largely due to the outstanding performances of Australian women. The same two weeks in the following non-Olympic year showed women’s sport received less than 10 per cent of sports coverage. Women’s sport coverage on television fares even worse with less than two per cent of total sportscasting time.

73. Penrith City Council Unlike many other olympic or Commonwealth games sports, squash does not attractgovernment subsidies, so when the property boom of the 1980s took off, http://www.penrithcity.nsw.gov.au/index.asp?id=1858

74. London Olympics 2012 - The Times And The Sunday Times RUGBY sevens, golf and squash, all traditional British sports, to have hadsquash in London because there is so much history about the sport there.” http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,4662-1686567,00.html

NI_IFRAME('Top'); ARCHIVE CLASSIFIED SHOPPING PROMOTIONS ... WEATHER Search SPORT Athletics Ashes tour Cricket ... Specials TIMES ONLINE Home Britain World Business ... Site Map SPECIAL REPORTS Management Issues Making Skills Work European Cities Arts Power 100 ... Other London 2012 July 09, 2005 Ball sports lose out as Olympic programme cut From John Goodbody in Singapore RUGBY sevens, golf and squash, all traditional British sports, have been blocked from being included in the 2012 Games in London after an extraordinary day of move and counter-move in Olympic politics. The 117th session of the IOC produced yet another series of surprises after giving London the Games instead of Paris. Members decided yesterday to drop baseball and softball from the programme of the 28 sports, but despite the urging of Jacques Rogge, the IOC President, they were not replaced with any of the five shortlisted sports. The decision is a blow to the authority of Rogge, who had tried to get rugby and golf on to the programme at the Mexico City session in 2002 but had been rebuffed. NI_MPU('middle');

75. International World Games Association : Transparent News IOC members in Singapore to vote squash into the olympic Games in 2012, The squash action will be staged in Mülheim an der Ruhr, near Duisburg http://www.worldgames-iwga.org/vsite/vcontent/content/transnews/0,10869,1044-163

HOME Athletes Squash: Nicol David (MAS) 11 Jul 2005 17:55 Nicol David spent nearly all of last week in Singapore - for the 117th IOC Session - as a member of the WSF lobbying force. After the disappointment of narrowly missing out on persuading IOC members in Singapore to vote squash into the Olympic Games in 2012, Asian champion Nicol David can now return to the stage where she performs best, in Germany this week. The 21-year-old double world junior champion from Malaysia has her sights on her first senior world title in The World Games, the multi-sport event which is being staged in the city of Duisburg under the patronage of the International Olympic Committee. The 2005 World Games will feature 3,500 athletes from 100 nations, competing at 27 venues in 40 sports ranging from Sumo to Squash. The squash action will be staged in M¼lheim an der Ruhr, near Duisburg , from 16-19 July. “It was such a privilege to be part of the World Squash Federation team in Singapore lobbying for squash to be in the Olympics,” said David.

76. Squash --  Encyclopædia Britannica squash information and resources from the ISF. Includes history, rules, dopingpolicies, lists of clubs, court specifications, humor, and information about http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9396589

77. USOC Under The Microscope (1/28/03) At the heart of the matter is how the US olympic Committee governs itself. of corruption unseen in olympic history involved the International olympic http://usoc.gazette.com/fullstory.php?id=184

78. The Harvard Guide: A Winning Tradition Highlights Harvard's Athletic Excellence A Harvard athlete won the first firstplace medal of the modern olympic Games . The women s squash team in 1996 won its fifth straight national http://www.hno.harvard.edu/guide/students/stu9.html

Students at Harvard A Harvard Yearbook Seven Who Became President Financial Aid and Tuition ... Safety at Harvard After a hard-fought football game in 1968, a now-famous headline appeared in The Harvard Crimson: "Harvard Beats Yale, 29-29." As an alternative to "unwholesome" student activities, the first college clubs began to form in 1719. An unnamed "Society of Young Students" organized itself in that year "to meet together for the worship of God" on "Saturday and Sabbath-Day Evenings." Fifteen of its 26 members later became clergymen. The Harvard women's lacrosse team A Winning Tradition Highlights Harvard's Athletic Excellence The Harvard-Yale crew race held on Aug. 3, 1852, on Lake Winnepesaukee in New Hampshire was the first college sporting event in America. Harvard won the competition, besting the Yalies by two lengths. Ever since, Harvard athletes have distinguished themselves in international, national, and conference contests. A Harvard athlete won the first first-place medal of the modern Olympic Games. The Class of 1898's James B. Connolly of South Boston was victorious in the hop, skip, and jump (now known as the triple jump), the first event of the 1896 Games in Athens. Overall, Harvard won five top medals at the 1896 Olympics. One hundred years later, at the 1996 Games in Atlanta, Harvard Athletic Director Bill Cleary '56 (a hockey star and two-time Olympic medal winner) was recognized as one of America's 100 greatest living gold medal winners along with athletes such as Mark Spitz and Bruce Jenner - and two other Harvard athletes/gold medal winners, Tenley Albright Blakeley '53-55, and Dick Button '52.

79. The Herald Online **Sport** In squash, we would provide an olympic programme featuring just 64 athletes, “The olympics would be seen as the pinnacle event in squash.” http://www.theherald.co.za/herald/2005/05/05/sport/sp03_05052005.htm

PORT ELIZABETH news sport business columns ... contact info Squash seeks Olympic spotlight In the Nick, with Neale Emslie SQUASH will be desperately hoping to boost its profile worldwide when the International Olympic Committee meet later this year to consider new sports for the 2012 Olympic Games. The sport has been shortlisted with golf, rugby, roller sports and karate for possible inclusion at the 2012 Games and could be added to the programme if any of the existing 28 sports is removed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on July 8. All 28 Olympic sports will face the vote in Singapore and must win a majority from IOC members to avoid being dropped from the list. If a sport is axed, the IOC executive board will select a replacement from a list of the five applicants. The sport recommended by the executive board to replace an outgoing sport would first need a two-thirds majority to become an “Olympic sport” and would then need a simple majority in a second vote to be admitted to the 2012 Games programme. Squash officials are banking on the game’s flexibility as a major attraction, with the now established tradition of holding tournaments in all-glass court in such various venues as shopping malls and main halls of railway stations.

80. Olympics - Sacbee.com olympics, 24hour local, state, national and world news, plus politics, sports, One of the greatest swimmers in olympic history, Alexander Popov, http://www.sacbee.com/24hour/olympics/

TCDA("cc=spt;sc=Sports:Olympics;da;dt"); Some features on this site require that JavaScript be turned on. Registration Coming Soon News Sports Business ... Sacbee: / Olympics SUBSCRIBE: Internet Subscription Special Sections: 24-HOUR NEWS 2004 Olympics News BEE COVERAGE Summer Olympics stories The latest news from the USOC - September 14 (Courtesy of United States Olympic Committee) The latest news from the USOC - September 7 (Courtesy of United States Olympic Committee) Los Angeles bids for 2016 Olympic Games The city of Los Angeles announced during a news conference on Wednesday its intentions of hosting the 2016 Summer Olympics. Olympic camp opens with mix of young, old COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (AP) - Mike Modano deftly deflected a shot past goalie Robert Esche, showing little rust following a lost hockey season. The latest news from the USOC - September 2 (Courtesy of United States Olympic Committee) Romanian women's gymnastics team disbanded BUCHAREST, Romania (AP) - Romania's gymnastics federation disbanded its women's gymnastics team Tuesday after two leading gymnasts left a training camp and were filmed at a birthday party. Softball came one vote short of Olympics LONDON (AP) - Softball came within a single vote of staying in the Olympics after 2008, according to results of last month's secret IOC ballot released on Friday.

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