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         Spiders Publications:     more books (100)
  1. Yu-Gi-Oh (and the Ultimate Anime Games!) Wizard Special Edition #1 (Wizard Publications)
  2. Natural Enemies Handbook: The Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control (Publication (University of California (System). Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources), 3386.) by Mary Louise Flint, Steve H. Driestadt, 1999-02-01
  3. Spinning Spiders (Pull Ahead Books) by Ruth Berman, 1998-10
  4. The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity (Natural History Museum Publications) by Malcolm J. Scoble, 1992-12-24
  5. Miss Muffet And The Spider (Reading Corner: Grade 1) by Sue Graves, 2005-07-30
  6. The Fantom Spider by Karen M. Wenzel, 1997-02
  7. Who's Afraid of Spiders?(Who's Afraid? Series) by Richard Carlisle, 1987-03
  8. A Field Guide to Moths of Eastern North America (Special Publication / Virginia Museum of Natural History) by Charles V. Covell, 2005-07-15
  9. Macfalaniella, a new genus of false spider mites (Acarina: Tenuipalpidae) (Chicago Natural History Museum. Publication) by Edward William Baker, 1962
  10. A Field Guide to Spider Webs by Robert J. Hurley, 1979
  11. Spiders of the world by Rod Preston-Mafham, 1988
  12. Soybean insect management guidelines, number 6 -- Spider mites (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Extension Division. Publication) by John C Smith, 1984
  13. A Revision of the Jumping Spider Genus Habronattus F.O.P.-Cambridge (University of California Publications in Entomology) by Charles E. Griswold, 1987-02
  14. Studies on Hemipteran Phylogeny (Thomas Say Publications in Entomology)

61. Publications
Peerreviewed publications. Jackson, RR, Taylor, PW, McGill, Taylor, PW (1995) Jumping spiders alternate turns in the absence of visual cues.
http://galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au/PWT/Publications/Publications.html

62. Introduction
The principal paper is A critical check list of Bulgarian spiders (Araneae) list of all publications on Bulgarian spiders (in the chapter References),
http://www.cl.bas.bg/bulgarianspiders/
The Spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria Gergin BLAGOEV, Christo DELTSHEV, Stoyan LAZAROV Department of Taxonomy, Faunology and Zoogeography Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [ Introduction ] Taxonomic References
Introduction
The present check list is based on the incorporation of all available published records on the distribution of spiders in Bulgaria. A total of spider species from 41 families were established, due to the review of 187 literature items. The principal paper is "A critical check list of Bulgarian spiders (Araneae)" (Deltshev & Blagoev, 2001), where 910 species based on 173 publications, together with all taxonomic changes published in the literature van Helsdingen et al., 2001; species are still unpublished (marked in the list with red color). This check list also contains a comprehensive list of all publications on Bulgarian spiders (in the chapter References) published between 1876 and 2002.
Historical review of arachnological studies in Bulgaria
The arachnological studies in Bulgaria started at the end of the 19th century. The first data on spiders can be found in the

63. Arachnological Publications
Arachnological publications Seppo Koponen Critical survey of wolf spiders (Lycosidae) found in the country with description of three new species and a
http://www.sci.utu.fi/biologia/elainmuseo/koponen_spiders.htm
Arachnological publications
Seppo Koponen
Koponen, S. 2004: Arthropods from high oak branches - comparison of two trap types, with a special reference to spiders. - Latvijas Entomologs 41: 71-75. Acantholycosa F. Dahl, 1908 and related new genera. - Arthropoda Selecta 12(2): 101-148. Koponen, S. 2004: Microhabitats of ground-living spiders in a peat bog. - European Arachnology 2002 (Proc. 20th Eur. Coll. Arachnology, Szombathely 22-26 July 2002): 157-161. Koponen, S. 2003: The Cave Spider ( Meta menardi ) found near Turku, Finland. - Sahlbergia 8: 24 (in Finnish). Evippa Simon, 1885. - Arthropoda Selecta 12(1): 47-65 Pardosa falcata -group. - Acta Arachnol. 52: 43-50. Koponen, S. 2002: Ground-living spiders in bogs in northern Europe. - J. Arachnol. 30: 262-267. Koponen, S. 2002: Spider fauna of peat bogs in southwestern Finland. - European Arachnology 2000 (Proc. 19th Eur. Coll. Arachnology, Aarhus 17-22 July 2000): 267-271. Kikimora palustris Eskov, 1988 (Araneae: Linyphiidae) found in Europe. - Entomol. Fennica 13: 129-133. Phlegra hentzi (Marx, 1890) comb.n. (Araneae, Salticidae). - Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc. 12: 264-267.

64. Spiders Of NW-Europe
Within the class Arachnida the spiders belong to the order called Araneae. The common spiders of the United States, 1961, Dover publications, New York,
http://www.xs4all.nl/~ednieuw/Spiders/spidhome.htm
Araneae, Spiders of North-West Europe Nederlandse versie
This site contains more than 700 pictures of over 220 spiders commonly found in NW-Europe, especially the area between the Netherlands and the south of France.
There is a thumbnail page and a Spider location chart for a quick overview of all the spiders posted on these pages. Of all photographed spiders, there is a short description about their habitat, size and other interesting facts. Apart from the European spiders I have also posted more than 500 pictures of Australian spiders Most people think that spiders are dangerous creatures that should be wiped away with a cloth, sucked up in the vacuum cleaner or smashed with a newspaper. That is not wise because spiders play a very important role in our Eco-system. They catch many annoying and harmful insects and are therefore very useful creatures. As you will see on these pages, many of the spiders are beautifully colored, and therefore very pleasant and wonderful to look at. Since most spiders are very small, you need a magnifying glass or a camera to study them or to reveal their beauty. I receive many questions about poisonous/venomous spiders. Most spiders use venom to kill their prey. This venom is almost always harmless to humans. However, there are a few exceptions. In Europe there is one known spider, called the

65. Publications - Jackson, R - Biological Sciences - University Of Canterbury
Oneencounter search-image formation by araneophagic spiders. SAMPLE OF OTHER publications. Wilcox,, RS RR Jackson (1998) Cognitive abilities of
http://www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz/people/jacksonr/jacksonr_pub.shtml
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Professor Robert Jackson - Publications
Jackson, R.R. (2002) Trial-and-error derivation of aggressive-mimicry signals by Brettus and Cryba, jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Australia, Kenya and Sri Lanka. N.Z. J. Zool. 29: 95-117.
Jackson, R.R. (2000) Prey preferences and visual discrimination ability of Brettus, Cocalus and Cyrba, araneophagic jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Australia, Kenya and Sri Lanka. N.Z.J. Zool. 27: 29-39.
Jackson, R.R., D. Li (1998) Prey preferences and visual discrimination ability of Cyrba algerina, an araneophagic jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae) with primitive retinae. Israel J. Zool. 44: 227-242.
MAGAZINE ARTICLES
Jackson, R.R. (1999) Spider cities of Africa. New Zealand Science Monthly 10: 10-11. Jackson, R.R. (1998) The eyes have it. Natural History Magazine 107: 31.
SAMPLE OF OTHER PUBLICATIONS
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66. Publications - Pollard - Biological Sciences - University Of Canterbury
Jackson RR, SD Pollard 1996 Predatory strategies of jumping spiders. Pollard SD, MW Beck, GN Dodson 1995 Why do male crab spiders drink nectar?
http://www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz/people/pollard/pollard_pub.shtml
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Dr Simon Pollard - Publications
Pollard SD 1995 A world apart. Natural History 104 (11) 54-58
Pollard SD 1995 Samurai spiders. Natural History 104 (3) 44-47
Pollard SD 1994 Tiny terminators. Australasian Geographical Magazine 16 (5) 40-51
Pollard SD 1994 Consequences of sexual selection on feeding in male jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Journal of Zoology, London 243: 203-208
Pollard SD 1993 Little murders. Natural History 102 (10) 58-65
Pollard SD 1990 The feeding strategy of a New Zealand crab spider Diaea sp. indet. (Araneae: Thomisidae): post-capture decision rules. Journal of Zoology, London 222: 601-615
Pollard SD 1989 Constraints affecting partial prey consumption by a crab spider Diaea sp. indet. (Araneae: Thomisidae). Oecologia 81: 392-396 Send comments, suggestions and feedback to the

67. Royal Society Of Victoria Inc - Publications
A fully revised version of our popular 1992 publication spiders Commonly Found in Melbourne and Surrounds with new and clear spider and scorpion line
http://www.sciencevictoria.org.au/publicns/publicns.htm
The Royal Society of Victoria Inc HOME PAGE ACTIVITIES AIMS COUNCIL ... TRANSIT OF VENUS
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The Proceedings
The reputation of the Royal Society's "Proceedings" as an International scientific journal is outstanding. The journal has recently broadened its scope in line with the wider interests of the Society's members. The Proceedings of the Royal Society are published twice yearly and are indexed in the Victorian State Library. The Proceedings are supported by an annual grant from the State Government of Victoria. The Society also publishes occasional papers covering, for example, material presented at its symposia and workshops. These discussion papers act to stimulate informed debate on significant current topics. In addition, reference works on aspects of natural history of the State which are of wide general interest, are produced on a regular basis. Other publications include scientific material which would not otherwise be published and scientific material for use in schools. Where appropriate these publications are supported from the "Lynette Young Bequest" on the basis that each publication will be financially self-supporting. Interactive CD "

68. Avoiding Ticks And Spider Bites
Publication Date , 18/12/1995. Author , NSW Health Summary Guide to identifying ticks and venomous spiders. First aid advice.
http://www.mhcs.health.nsw.gov.au/health-public-affairs/mhcs/publications/3375.h
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Title : Avoiding ticks and spider bites Subject : Injury Prevention Publication Number : BHC-3375 Publication Date : Author : NSW Health Chinese Croatian English Italian ... Vietnamese
Avoiding ticks and spider bites
Summary: Guide to identifying ticks and venomous spiders. First aid advice.
Text: A walk in the bush - or even a few hours gardening - can bring you into contact with some potentially deadly creatures. Here's how to avoid - and survive - dangerous bites or stings.
Ticks
If you enjoy walks or picnics in the bush, if your house is in or close to bushy areas, or if your children play in long grass, you need to be careful of ticks. These are parasites which can bury themselves in a person's skin and inject a poison which can cause muscle weakness, blurred vision, drowsiness, paralysis and even death. They can be as tiny as a pinhead or a large as a fingernail.
The best way to avoid them is to wear long trousers (preferably tucked into socks or boots), long sleeved shirts and a hat when you're in a bushy area. After being outdoors, check the whole family for ticks, especially in places like the scalp, groin, armpits, back of the knees and the scalp. Because ticks are sometimes hidden by swelling around the bite, it's important to check any lumps carefully.

69. A Key To Arboreal Spiders Of Douglas-fir And True Fir Forests Of The Pacific Nor
This illustrated key for identifying spiders inhabiting true fir and Our online publications are scanned and captured using Adobe Acrobat.......
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/8724
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Forest Service National Links Forest Service Home Employment Fire and Aviation International Forestry Just for Kids Maps and Brochures Passes and Permits Photo and Video Gallery Publications Recreational Activities Research and Development State and Private Forestry
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Treesearch Home About Treesearch Contact Us Pacific Northwest Research Station ... Help This publication was written or produced by the Pacific Northwest Research Station and is in the public domain. USDA Forest Service
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Washington, D.C.
Title: A key to arboreal spiders of Douglas-fir and true fir forests of the Pacific Northwest Author: Moldenke, A.R.; Fichter, B.L.; Stephen, W.P.; Griswold, C.E. Date: Source: Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-207. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 48 p. Station ID: GTR-PNW-207 Description: This illustrated key for identifying spiders inhabiting true fir and Douglas-fir is based on extensive collections from throughout the three North American Pacific Coast States. Details of the age classes present at budburst and the season in which to expect adults are presented for all species. This paper is written for people unfamiliar as well as familiar with spider taxonomy; a glossary of all technical terms is included. References to pertinent technical literature are also included. Key Words: Keys (spider), spiders, Douglas-fir, true fir, Pacific Northwest

70. Trine Bilde: Publications - Ecology And Genetics, Biological Sciences, AU
publications in peerreviewed scientific journals The transition to social inbred mating systems in spiders – role of inbreeding tolerance in a
http://www.biology.au.dk/trine.bilde.publications.htm
The Faculty of Science Department of Biological Sciences HELP PÅ DANSK ... Academic Staff · Trine Bilde: Publications - Ecology and Genetics, Biological Sciences, AU
Trine Bilde
Ecology and Genetics
Assistant Professor
Office: 540-224 (building-room)
Tel.: +45 8942 3338
Fax: +45 8942 2722
E-mail: trine.bilde@biology.au.dk
Address:
Department of Biological Sciences
Ny Munkegade
Building 540
DK-08000 Aarhus C
Denmark Tel.: +45 8942 3230
Fax: +45 8942 2722 Additional Information:
Curriculum Vitae
Research Interests Publications
Publications
Publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals
  • Bilde T. Agonum dorsale. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Sunderland K.D., Bilde T. Acta Jutlandica Bilde T. Bilde T. Entomophag a 42: 21-32. Bilde T. Oecologia Bilde T. Calathus melanocephalus on diets of three cereal aphids: high consumption of low-quality prey. Pedobiologia Bilde, T. Dicymbium brevisetosum Locket (Araneae: Linyphiidae) in single-species and mixed-species diets. Ekológia Bilde T. Journal of Applied Ecology Bilde T. Physiological Entomology Bilde T.

71. Torbjörn Kronestedt Publications
List of publications Torbjörn Kronestedt Inverse Chronological Order A taxonomic study of the wolf spiders of the Pardosa pullatagroup (Araneae,
http://www2.nrm.se/en/kronepub.html.en
Inverse Chronological Order Kronestedt, T. 2004. Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VI. On the identity of Pardosa luciae Tongiorgi with notes on P. trailli (O. P.-Cambridge) and some other species in the P. nigra -group. Denisia 12 (in press). Separation of two species standing as Sitticus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877) (Araneae, Salticidae), a pair of altitudinally segregated species. Revue Suisse de Zoologie T. 2003a. A review of the genus Talavera Journal of Natural History On Acantholycosa solituda A. sterneri (Marusik) (Araneae, Lycosidae), a pair of geographically distant allied species. Acta arachnologica Pardosa C. L. Koch, 1847 (Arachnida, Araneae): proposed fixation of Lycosa alacris C. L. Koch, 1833 as the type species to conserve the usage of Pardosa and of Alopecosa Simon, 1885. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature Kronestedt, T. 2001c. Tord Nyholm in memoriam. Entomologisk Tidskrift 122: 219-221 [In Swedish]. On the separation of Sitticus ranieri S. saxicola (C. L. Koch) (Araneae, Salticidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie Entomologisk Tidskrift 122: 32 [In Swedish].

72. Dr. George W. Uetz, Relevant Publications
Please Note Some full text publications are available to download in A key to the common families of spiders of potential medical importance in North
http://www.biology.uc.edu/faculty/uetz/uetzpubs.htm
George W. Uetz
Professor

Ph.D., University of Illinois
Please Note: Some full text publications are available to download in Portable Document File (.pdf) format. To view these files you must have a .pdf viewer, such as Adobe Acrobat Reader, installed on your computer. If you do not have one installed please click here to download Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.0 Uetz, G.W. and D.G. Dillery. 1969. A study of spiders (Araneae) on maple trees (Acer sp.). Mich. Entomol. 2:31-36. Uetz, G.W. l970. A key to the common families of spiders of potential medical importance in North America. In D.P. Furman and E.P. Catts. A Manual of Medical Entomology Nat. Press Books, California, pp. 157-163. Uetz, G.W. 1973. Envenomation by the spider Trachelas tranquillus (Araneae:Clubionidae). J. Med. Entomol. 10:227. Uetz, G.W. 1974. A method for measuring habitat space in studies of hardwood forest litter arthropods. Environ. Entomol. 3:313-315. Uetz, G.W. 1974. Species diversity: a review. The Biologist 56:111-129. Uetz, G.W.

73. Publications
Bites by spiders of the family Theraphosidae in humans and canines. (60) Caldicott D, Isbister GK, Edwards N. Publication and patriotism.
http://ianwhyte.idl.com.au/HyperTox/HyperTox-18.htm
Publications
(1) Bailey B, Buckley NA, Amre DK. A meta-analysis of prognostic indicators to predict seizures, arrhythmias or death after tricyclic antidepressant overdose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2004; 42(6):877-888. (2) Buckley NA, McManus PR. Changes in fatalities due to overdose of anxiolytic and sedative drugs in the UK (1983-1999). Drug Saf 2004; 27(2):135-141. (3) Buckley NA, Karalliedde L, Dawson A, Senanayake N, Eddleston M. Where is the evidence for treatments used in pesticide poisoning? Is clinical toxicology fiddling while the developing world burns? J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2004; 42(1):113-116. (4) Dawson A. Superactivated charcoal. Am J Emerg Med 2004; 22(6):496. (5) Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Checketts H, Senarathna L, Mohamed F, Sheriff MH et al. Speed of initial atropinisation in significant organophosphorus pesticide poisoninga systematic comparison of recommended regimens. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2004; 42(6):865-875. (6) Isbister GK, Downes F, Sibbritt D, Dawson AH, Whyte IM. Aspiration pneumonitis in an overdose population: frequency, predictors, and outcomes. Crit Care Med 2004; 32(1):88-93. (7) Isbister GK, Bowe SJ, Dawson A, Whyte IM. Relative toxicity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in overdose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2004; 42(3):277-285.

74. Reasoning With Diagrams - Welcome To RwD
Collaborators. publications. Current work Funded projects Contact us. publications. 2005. Stapleton G., Howse J., Toller K. On spiders feet.
http://cmis.mis.brighton.ac.uk/Research/vmg/publications.htm
publications
Stapleton G., Howse J., Toller K. On Spiders' feet. Accepted for Euler Diagrams , Paris, September 2005 Fish A., Stapleton G. Defining Euler Diagrams: Choices and Consequences. Accepted for Euler Diagrams , Paris, September 2005. Stapleton G., Thompson S., Fish A., Howse J., Taylor J. A New Language for the Visualization of Logic and Reasoning , International Conference on Visual Languages and Computing, Banff, September 2005. To appear. Stapleton G., Howse J., Taylor J. A Decidable Constraint Diagram Reasoning System. Accepted for publication in Journal of Logic and Computation. To appear. Howse J., Stapleton G., Taylor J. Spider Diagrams. Available at The LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics Vol.8 (2005) 145-194. Howse J., Schuman S. Precise Visual Modelling. Available at SoSyM Journal Online First . Software and Systems Modelling Journal, Vol.4, No.3, pp 310-325, 2005. Fish A., Flower J. Abstractions of Euler Diagrams. Proceedings of 1st International workshop on Euler Diagrams , Brighton, September 2004. Vol. 134, pp 77-101. ENTCS.

75. EB-241 - Controlling Spiders In Maryland
Controlling spiders in Maryland This publication is currently offline. In order to provide you with only the most upto-date and accurate information,
http://www.agnr.umd.edu/MCE/Publications/Publication.cfm?ID=481&cat=L

76. British Arachnological Society: Publications
Publication Sales Section Monks Wood Abbots Ripton Huntingdon Cambs PE17 2LS Provisional Atlas of British spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) Volumes 1 2
http://www.britishspiders.org.uk/html/bas.php?page=atlas&menu=publ

77. Museum Koenig - Mitarbeiter / Hutterer, Rainer (E)
Scientific publications. Huber, BA in press. The pholcid spiders from Sri Lanka redescription of Pholcus ceylonicus and description of a new genus
http://www.museumkoenig.uni-bonn.de/mit/emit_huber2.htm
Huber, Bernhard A. Scientific Publications
  • Huber, B. A. in press. Sexual selection research on spiders: progress and biases. Biological Reviews. Huber, B. A. in press. High species diversity, male-female coevolution, and metaphyly in Southeast Asian pholcid spiders: the case of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae). Zoologica. Huber, B. A. in press. Revision of the genus Spermophora Hentz in Southeast Asia and on the Pacific Islands, with descriptions of three new genera (Araneae: Pholcidae). Zool. Verhandelingen. Huber, B. A. in press. Evidence for sexual selection on male abdomen size in Mecolaesthus longissimus (Araneae, Pholcidae). Journal of Arachnology. Huber, B. A. in press. Chapter 13: Pholcidae. In: D. Ubick et al. (eds.) Spiders of North America: an identification manual. Huber, B. A., Benjamin, S. in press. The pholcid spiders from Sri Lanka: redescription of Pholcus ceylonicus and description of a new genus (Araneae: Pholcidae). Journal of Natural History Huber, B. A. in press. The pholcid spiders of Africa (Araneae: Pholcidae): state of knowledge and directions for future research. In: African Biodiversity (Huber B. A et al. eds.). Springer Verlag.

78. Center For Systematic Entomology
Upcoming publications. Revision of the Jumping spiders of the Genus Phidippus (Araneae Salticidae) by G. B. Edwards (in conjunction with FDACSDPI/FSCA)
http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/
Center for
Systematic Entomology CSE Officers for 2003:
Publications of the CSE:

79. Price List-2004, Archbold Biological Station, Fred E. Lohrer.
2001. Florida s fabulous spiders. World publications, Tampa, FL, $12.95, $0.91, $13.86. Emmel, T. 1997. Florida s Fabulous butterflies. World publications
http://www.archbold-station.org/abs/ABS/visitorinfo/saleslist.htm
Archbold Biological Station, P.O. Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33862 USA
Phone: 863-465-2571, Fax: 863-699-1927, send e-mail
PRICE LIST, January 2004
T-shirts
Books Videos To place an order Item
Name Visitor Cost Tax Total
Ceramic Coffee Mug w/ABS logo Thermo Coffee Mug w/ABS logo Archbold Biological Station Cap Post Cards (Each) Notecards (indiv) Notecards (6PK) T-Shirts ABS Logo: Navy on White or White on Navy Velvet Ant Gopher Tortoise Florida Mouse Harvester Ant Oak Gall / Frog / Spider Animal Footprints Florida Scrub-Jay Spider Palmetto Scrub Lizard Bat Snakes ABS Logo Sweatshirt: White on Navy Archbold Polo Shirt: Navy or White Books Archbold Biological Station visitors guidebook:
A self-guiding tour of grounds and facilities. Carmichael, P. and W. Williams. 1991. Florida's fabulous reptiles. World Publications, Tampa, FL Cerulean, S. I. and A. Morrow. 1993. Florida wildlife viewing guide. Falcon Press, Helena, MT

80. Widow Spiders
Widow spiders of North America, American Tarantula Society publications. Drees, BM Jackman, J, 1999. Southern Black Widow Spider, Texas A M University
http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/entomology/444-422/444-422.html
Widow Spiders
Authors: Charles Hannum, Jr., Graduate Student and Dini M. Miller, Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist; Department of Entomology; Virginia Tech Publication Number 444-422, Posted January 2005
Table of Contents
Class
Order

Family

Species
...
Special Thanks
Class
Arachnida Return to Table of Contents
Order
Araneae Return to Table of Contents
Family
Theridiidae, comb-footed or cob weaver spiders Return to Table of Contents
Species
United States: Red widow, Latrodectus bishopi ; Brown widow, L. geometricus ; Western black widow, L. hesperus ; Southern black widow, L. mactans , and Northern black widow, L. variolus Return to Table of Contents
Size
Adult females have a body length (cephalothorax and abdomen combined) of approximately 1/2 inch (~1.25 cm) and a total leg span of approximately 1-1/2 inches (~4 cm) (Figure 2). However, there is much variation in female size, particularly gravid (egg-carrying) females. The abdomen of a gravid female can be greater than 1/2 inch (~1.25 cm) in diameter. Males are much smaller, often having a body length less than 1/4 inch ( < 0.75 cm) and a leg span of approximately 1/2 inch (~1.25 cm).

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