61. African Indigenous Science And Knowledge Systems In the Public Hearings of south africa s Truth and Reconciliation Brown s World history Archives ( africa Related) See his excellent resource on Haiti http://www.africahistory.net/

African Indigenous Science and Knowledge Systems Dr. Gloria T. Emeagwali Professor of History and African Studies, Central Connecticut State University MAIN SITE: www.africahistory.net AFRICAN TIMELINE Clarification: Professor Gloria Emeagwali does not share the same gender or profession with the computer scientist/mathematician and winner of the 1989 Gordon Bell Prize - but I congratulate him for his magnificent achievements. In this site we present various perspectives on African Indigenous Knowledge Systems(AIK) from a wide range of scholars. We publish brief extracts from scholarly works on the subject and focus on several areas. We are proud to say that this site has been listed by the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as one of the top 50 of African websites. History Courses Taught by Dr. Gloria Emeagwali at Central Connecticut State University, New Britain Table of Contents(non-clickable) A. Indigenous African Science and Technology A1. African Indigenous Knowledge Systems in the African Diaspora B. Relevant Indigenous Knowledge Organizations

62. An MBendi Profile: South Africa - History Of The Chemical Industry Historical Overview of the south african Chemical Industry 1896 2002 Two successful mergers in south africa apparently whet McGowan s appetite for http://www.caia.co.za/chsahs02.htm

CAIA Introduction Newsletters PAIA manual Contacts Chemical Industry Introduction History Responsible Care Management ... Incentives Historical Overview of the South African Chemical Industry : 1896 - 2002 Introduction AECI SASOL Dow Sentrachem ... Conclusion AECI Alfred Nobel's discovery of dynamite had made the transportation of nitroglycerine a reality and increasingly large quantities of the explosive were imported into South Africa in the early 1890s. To ensure a regular supply and to improve blasting efficiency, required for mining the hard quartzitic gold-bearing rock of the Witwatersrand, the Nobel Dynamite Trust decided to produce the required explosives locally. And so it was that on 22 October 1896, President Paul Kruger travelled from Pretoria to the farm Modderfontein, east of Johannesburg, to open De Zuid Africaansche Fabrieken voor Ontplofbare Stoffen. With a name like this, it is not surprising that the factory was called simply "The Dynamite Company." After the Anglo Boer War of 1899-1902, management of the company passed into the hands of the British South Africa Explosives Company, with the Nobel Dynamite Trust retaining a controlling interest. For some years Cecil John Rhodes, founder of De Beers Consolidated Mines, was concerned about the monopoly on explosives manufacture held by the Dynamite Company. In 1903, one year after his death, the Cape Explosives Works, at Somerset West near Cape Town, started producing dynamite, principally for the De Beers diamond mines around Kimberley. By 1907 this company's annual production of 340 000 cases (each of 50 lb) had exceeded that of Modderfontein (230 000 cases).

63. Bibliography On South African History And Politics south africa A Political and Economic history. London 1966. Hofmeyr, Isabel. A Documentary history of african Politics in south africa. Vol. http://africa.wisc.edu/outreach/units/sa-history.html

University of Wisconsin-Madison African Studies Program Outreach Services Bibliography on South African History and Politics Compiled by Marie Kruger, African Studies Outreach (1998). History Benson, Mary. South Africa: The Struggle for a Birthright. London 1985. Davenport, T.R.H. South Africa. A Modern History. Toronto 1978. Hammond-Tooke, W.D (ed.). The Bantu-speaking Peoples of Southern Africa . London 1974 (2nd edition). Hepple, Alexander. South Africa: A Political and Economic History. London 1966. Hofmeyr, Isabel. " We Spend Our Years as a Tale is Told", Oral History Narrative in a South African Chiefdom . London 1993. From Protest to Challenge. A Documentary History of African Politics in South Africa. Vol.I 1882-1934; Vol. II 1935-1952; Vol. III 1953-1964. Stanford 1972 - 1977. Leach, Graham. South Africa: No Easy Path to Peace. London 1989. Omer-Cooper, J.D. History of Southern Africa. Portsmouth 1987. Pampallis, John. Foundations of the New South Africa. London 1991. Thompson, Leonard. A History of South Africa. New Haven/London 1995 (rev.ed.)

64. Africa And South African News, Information africa and south african art, news and history information. africaAlmanac.com features african art, history, news and information from a positive http://www.africaalmanac.com/

Africa's news and information website AfricaAlmanac.com is a Website that features positive African news, events, developments, and personalities - the news rarely featured by the large international news organizations. Africa is emerging from decades of decline to progress, better government, economic liberalization and growth. This website will record every major positive event, news and development taking place in Africa and explain what this means for the continent's future. Insisting that there is a great deal more to the continent than refugees, military coups, poverty and famine, the website highlights developments in the continent's largest economy, South Africa, important African achievers, African history, African information, African news, African arts and culture and important geographical facts with our maps of Africa. home main weekly news about us ... african records

65. AFRICAN HISTORY TIMELINE Nineteenth Century South Africa african history Since 1875. africaN history TIMELINE Nineteenth Century south africa. Copyright 1998 by Jim Jones All rights reserved .DATE. http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/timeline/t-19saf.htm

African History Since 1875 AFRICAN HISTORY TIMELINE: Nineteenth Century South Africa .......DATE............. ...............................EVENT............................. .............. The Dutch East India Comapny founded a base at Table Bay on the west coast of near the southern tip of Africa. The British captured Capetown from the Dutch for the first time during the Napoleonic Wars. The British recaptured Capetown and took over Cape Province. The Zulu Mfecane spread from Natal throughout southern Africa. Andries Pretorius tried to unite Boers from Natal, Winburg and Transvval. The Europeans fought the sixth war with the Xhosa since the 1780s. A massive migration of Boer families began into the southern African interior, and resulted in the foundation of two Boer Republics, Transvaal ("across the Vaal River") and Orange Free State (after the Orange River). The British government annexed the coastal region of Natal. The British government annexed the Orange River Sovereignty. Boers attacked Moshoeshoe's Sotho kingdom (Basutoland).

66. An Economic History Of South Africa - Cambridge University Press This book is the first economic history of south africa in over sixty years. Professor Charles H. Feinstein offers an authoritative survey of five hundred http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521850916

67. A Concise History Of South Africa - Cambridge University Press This book provides a succinct synthesis of south African history from the introduction of agriculture about 1500 years ago up to and including the http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521575788

68. Modern History Sourcebook: Bish. Tutu: The Question Of S. Africa Modern history Sourcebook Desmond Tutu The Question of south africa, 1984 The tragedy of south africa is that something with such a Considerable http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1984tutu.html

Back to Modern History SourceBook Modern History Sourcebook: Desmond Tutu: The Question of South Africa, 1984 Bishop Desmond Tutu (1931-) was the first Black Archbishop of Capetown, the head of the Anglican Church in South Africa. Tutu used this position to speak out against Apartheid. In 1984 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Shortly afterwards he gave following speech, attacking South Africa's racial policies, to the United Nations Security Council. Tutu is here pessimistic about the future. As events turned out, change came peacefully.. I speak out of a full heart, for I am about to speak about a land that I love deeply and passionately; a beautiful land of rolling hills and gurgling streams, of clear starlit skies, of singing birds, and gamboling lambs; a land God has richly endowed with the good things of the earth, a land rich in mineral deposits of nearly every kind; a land of vast open spaces, enough to accommodate all its inhabitants comfortably; a land capable of feeding itself and other lands on the beleaguered continent of Africa, a veritable breadbasket; a land that could contribute wonderfully to the material and spiritual development and prosperity of all Africa and indeed of the whole world. It is endowed with enough to satisfy the material and spiritual needs of all its peoples. And so we would expect that such a land, veritably flowing with milk and honey, should be a land where peace and harmony and contentment reigned supreme. Alas, the opposite is the case. For my beloved country is wracked by division, by alienation, by animosity, by separation, by injustice, by avoidable pain and suffering. It is a deeply fragmented society, ridden by fear and anxiety, covered by a pall of despondency and a sense of desperation, split up into hostile, warring factions.

69. South African Christianity: A History Of The Christian Church In South Africa african Christianity Homepage. south african Christianity. A history of the Christian Church in south africa. south africa Homepage. Afrikaner Christians http://www.bethel.edu/~letnie/AfricanChristianity/SouthAfricaHomepage.html

African Christianity Homepage South African Christianity A History of the Christian Church in South Africa South Africa Homepag e Afrikaner Christians Cape Folk (Cape Coloured) Christians 19th Century Protestant Missions Xhosa Christianity ... Kairos Document Afrikaner Christians South African Christianity began in 1652 with the founding of the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk (NGK) in the Dutch East India Company reprovisioning station established at the Cape of Good Hope. The NGK, which is by far the largest and most influential of the Afrikaner churches, is Dutch in its roots, Calvinist in its theology, conservative in its politics and almost exclusively white. Its identity, however, along with the Afrikaner identity as a whole is African, though it has continued to maintain ties with the worldwide Reformed community, especially in the Netherlands and North America. Cape Folk (Cape Coloured) Christians The first non-white Christians came from among the slave population of the Cape, though it was not at all uncommon for slave owners to introduce their slaves to the Christian faith, but forbid their baptism, on the grounds that baptism effected their freedom. These slave Christians and their descendants formed an important part of the Cape Folk or Cape Coloured community, a racially mixed, but culturally Afrikaner community. The story of the Christian church among persons of racially mixed ancestry is complex and multifaceted, and includes independent mixed-race communities, like the Griqua, who moved out of the Cape area and established quite an independent cultural and ethnic identity. The Griqua were among the first communities to convert to Christianity in large numbers when the missionaries began to arrive at the end of the 18th century.

70. Orchids In Southern Africa: History SA Orchids history Harry Bolus and his contribution. Harry Bolus The first south Africanbased orchidologist was Harry Bolus of Cape Town. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/orchids/history.htm

SA Orchids: History Early exploration Initial cataloging and classifying The Englishman John Lindley, who is sometimes called the 'father of orchidology' incorporated this South African material in his famous book The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants , which came out between 1830 and 1840. Later Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach became one of the foremost orchidologists of the world. He described many new species, among them many southern African ones. After Reichenbach, Fritz Kraenzlin, another German botanist, started the study of southern African orchids. Kraenzlin also described many new orchids in our region, and he also revised some of the genera. His book Orchidacearum Genera et Species was never finished, but the volume containing the Habenaria, Disa , and Disperis groups (very important in our region) was completed in 1901. A few years later, Flora Capensis (1912-1913), containing brief descriptions of all South African plants, was published. Its orchid account was written by Robert Allan Rolfe, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London. It was the first complete treatment of the southern African orchids. An important phase in southern African orchidology had started in 1891 when the young German botanist Rudolf Schlechter arrived in Cape Town. Between 1893 and 1897 Schlechter collected extensively in various parts of South Africa, and between 1897 and 1898 he was also able to explore Mozambique. Schlechter later also travelled extensively in other parts of the world and made important contributions to the study of the orchid floras of several South American countries, Madagascar, the Mascarene islands, New Guinea, and several Indonesian and Pacific Ocean islands. At the time Schlechter's field knowledge of the orchids was indeed unrivalled. He described numerous new species, many among these from South Africa. His most important contributions were revisions of the Disperideae (1898), the genus

71. Diamonds | American Museum Of Natural History The story of diamonds in south africa begins between December 1866 and February 1867, The first diamond discoveries in south africa were alluvial. http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/diamonds/africa.html

A World of Diamonds Across Southern Africa South Africa Other African Countries India Russia Australia ... Sorting and Distribution The 1867 discovery of diamonds in the Cape Colony, now a province in South Africa, radically modified not only the world's supply of diamonds but also its conception of them. As annual world diamond production increased more than tenfold in the following 10 years, a once extremely rare material became more accessible to Western society with its growing wealth, science learned that diamonds came from volcanoes, and everyone learned of Cecil John Rhodes, Barney Barnato, Kimberley, and De Beers. Today South Africa maintains its position as a major diamond producer. The story of diamonds in South Africa begins between December 1866 and February 1867, when 15-year-old Erasmus Jacobs found a transparent stone on his father's farm, on the south bank of the Orange River. Over the next 15 years, South Africa yielded more diamonds than India had in over 2,000 years. This great outpouring of diamonds coincided with depletion of Brazilian deposits and with a great rise in wealth, particularly in the United States, that ensured diamond prices did not fall as they did when Brazil outproduced diamond demand in the 1730s. Plan of concessions and claims at the Kimberley mine from June 30, 1883.

72. South African Military History Society - Details Of Boer War Centenary The south african Military history Society Contact him at Gryphon Books, PO Box 1987, Randpark Ridge, 2156, south africa. Tel 27 11 794 4554. http://www.rapidttp.co.za/milhist/boercenk.html

The South African Military History Society Die Suid-Afrikaanse Krygshistoriese Vereniging ANGLO-BOER WAR CENTENARY Link to Commercial Tour Organisers Dispatches updated 4 February 2001 KWAZULU NATAL Co-ordination of publications for ABW100 is being done by Gilbert Torlage, of the Pietermaritzburg Museum. Tel: 27 0331 450292 NORTHERN CAPE ANGLO-BOER WAR CENTENARY IN NORTHERN CAPE 1999-2002 Diamond Fields N12 has now issued a programme of events. To obtain a copy of this programme, please contact: N12 Battlefields Route, Tel: 27 531 827 298 or Fax, 27 531 827-211. EAST RAND The Boksburg Historical Society is engaged in a project with the Gauteng Museums to locate exactly and research the concentration camp in Boksburg, where most detainees were Black. They are also researching the role of the Boksburg Commando. Anyone with information to help, should please contact: George Mills, Chairman Boksburg Historical Association. Tel 27 11 421 8289. Fax 27 11 421 6803. GAUTENG A new publishing company, Gryphon Books, is putting out a series of reprints for the ABW100. These will be reproductions of the original books, as faithful as we can make them' and will look and feel as like the originals as possible. They are intended as collectors' items, but will be priced as reasonably as possible. Currently in production is 'How we kept the Flag Flying', Donald Macdonald's account of the siege of Ladysmith.

73. Africa TIMELINE Chapters on africa african Multimedia african history Timeline. Chapters on africa Zulu City Destroyed by British during Boer War, 1838 south africa http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/ralph/referenc/africa.htm

Africa Chapters on Africa African Multimedia African History Timeline Chapters on Africa Earliest Beginnings Chapter One Egyptian Civilization Chapter Three The Hellenistic Civilization Chapter 8 Roman Civilization Chapter 9 Asia and Africa in Transition Chapter 11 Rome's Three Heirs The Byzantine, Islamic and Early-Medieval Western Worlds: Chapter 12 The Americas and Africa Before the Age of European Overseas Expansion Chapter 17 India, East Asia and Africa during the Early-Modern Era Chapter 21 International Industrialization and Imperialism Chapter 30 China, Japan, and Africa under the Impact of the West Chapter 33 The Middle East and Africa Chapter 39 Epilogue: Problems of World Civilization Chapter 43 African Multimedia Primary Sources and Essays Photos and Illustrations Maps and Charts Primary Sources and Essays The Book of the Dead Egypt Royal Hymn of Akhenaton Egypt Ethiopian Christianity , David Menyelek and the Ark of the Covenant Ethiopia United Nations Charter General Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) General Photos and Illustrations The Sphinx at Gizeh.

74. WHKMLA : History Of South Africa, ToC Virtual Jewish history Tour south africa, from Jewish Virtual Library Vic Alhadeff, A Newspaper history of south africa, Cape Town Don Nelson (1976) http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/southafrica/xsafrica.html

Zimbabwe Namibia First posted in April 2002, Last revised on July 9th 2005 Cape Colony 1488-1806 Xhosa Zulu Cape Colony 1806-1880 ... Republic of South Africa, 1961-1994 .. Bantustans : Bophuthatswana Ciskei Transkei Historical Atlas, South Africa Page EXTERNAL FILES CIA World Factbook : South Africa ; BBC Country Profile : South Africa ; World Reference Desk : South Africa ; Art and Life in Africa : South Africa South Africa Page, from African Studies at UPenn; from Africa South of the Sahara at Stanford Virtual Library History : South Africa Timeline, from BBC News ; from timelines.ws Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : South Africa, from Kirken i Norge Library of Congress, Country Studies : South Africa History of South Africa, from newafrica.com , 3 chapters; from Lonely Planet , from World Rover Political Resources on the Net : South Africa For the Record : South Africa , from UN Human Rights System Languages of South Africa (25), from Ethnologue Wars of South Africa, 1800-1999, from ACED South Africa, from Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth Article Natal Orange Free State Transvaal , from Catholic Encyclopedia, 1911/1911/1912 edition Articles Cape Colony Natal Orange Free State Transvaal , from EB 1911 South African War Virtual Library ; Tables of Modern Monetary History : Africa, from

75. Joshua Brown, Patrick Manning, Karin Shapiro, Jon Wiener: History From South Afr history from south africa is presented in two main sections discussions of the historiography Literature and history in south africa – Stephen Clingman http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/862_reg.html

Articles from a special issue of the Radical History Review that map the development of interpretations of the South African past and depart radically from the official history Buy this book! View Cart Check Out History from South Africa Alternative Visions and Practices edited by Joshua Brown, Patrick Manning, Karin Shapiro and Jon Wiener cloth 0-87722-848-5 $63.50, Jun 91, Available paper 0-87722-849-3 $23.95, Jun 91, Out of Stock Backorder 467 pp More starkly than any other contemporary social conflict, the crisis in South Africa highlights the complexities and conflicts in race, gender, class, and nation. These original articles, most of which were written by South African authors, are from a special issue of the Radical History Review, published in Spring 1990, that mapped the development of interpretations of the South African past that depart radically from the official history. The articles range from the politics of black movements in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to studies of film, television, and theater as reflections of modern social conflict. History from South Africa Contents Part I: Radical Historians and South Africa's Past Part II: Photo Essays Part III: Popular History and Popular Culture 18. A Positional Gambit:

76. World History Archives: The History Of The Republic Of South Africa World history Archives The history of the Republic of south africa. http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/37a/index-a.html

The history of the Republic of South Africa Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives History of the southern African region The retrospective history of South Africa (before 1994) The contemporary political history of the Republic of South Africa ... The study and historiography of the Republic of South Africa

77. South Africa Cultural & Historical Interests south africa Cultural and Historical Interests. battle sites of the AngloBoer Anglo_Zulu wars - the south african history comes alive when travelling http://www.places.co.za/html/culture.html

Home FAQ Maps News ... Login Sunday, September 25 2005 Accommodation Game Lodges Hotels National Parks ... Travel Insurance Select a Country Botswana Mozambique Namibia Swaziland Zimbabwe Province Guide City Guides Travel Activities Adventures ... Contact Southern Africa Places cc P.O. Box 3422 Paarl Western Cape South Africa Accommodation Travel Guides Maps You are invited to hear the clatter of the bones as the Samgona rolls it across the floor .... learn about the sacred places of the Xhosa ... view the cell on Robben Island where Nelson Mandela was imprisoned ... follow the footsteps of Ghandi .... experience the lifestyle of the early pioneer farmers .... follow route the Voortrekkers took ..... view Mrs Ples, the skull of a 2 million year old female .... you are invited to meet South Africa Ethnic Villages View cultural villages or visit Kagga Kamma - the place of the Bushmen. African Art Centre - Durban Isinamva Cultural Viliage - Mount Frere - Eastern Cape Kaya Lendaba - Port Elizabeth - Eastern Cape Basotho Cultural Village - Witsieshoek - Free State Stewarts Farm - Eshowe - KwaZulu Natal - Hluhluwe - KwaZulu Natal Lesedi Cultural Village - Hartbeespoort - North West Shakaland - Eshowe - KwaZulu Natal Markets, rambles and various routes around all the main cities will expose you to the variety of African and other crafts that can be purchased at excellent prices.

78. South Africa Country Guide - History And Government - World Travel Guide Provide World Travel Guide south africa - Overview, Visa and Passport requirements, vacation advice, holiday guide, international travel, travel agent, http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/zaf/zaf580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Africa/SouthAfrica/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research South Africa hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... South Africa South Africa History and Government History: Evidence of human and humanoid occupation of South Africa extends back two million years. Stone Age artefacts date from 40,000 years ago, from which time there appears to have been a continuous human culture. This culture has been identified as being related to that of the Khoisan people and it lasted until the arrival of the Europeans and the Bantus, who largely absorbed them. The Bantu population of the region arrived as a result of the great southward migrations of Bantu people across central and southern Africa, which occurred circa 300 BC to the 16th century AD. This largely displaced the Bushmen (whose aboriginal culture – still surviving in the Kalahari – is rivalled only in Australia) and the Khoikhoi (‘Hottentots’). The European discovery of South Africa was roughly contemporaneous – the Portuguese navigator, Bartholomew Dias, discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1488. In 1652, Dutch settlers, under Commander Jan van Riebeeck, arrived to start a victualling station for the Dutch East India Company. Numbers were swelled by French Huguenots in 1688 and again in 1820, by British settlers, after the British occupation of the Cape. During the 18th and 19th centuries, British and Boer settlers fought a series of wars with the local tribes. Control of the Cape region was also a matter of dispute between the Dutch and the British. The latter finally gained control in 1806 and, dissatisfied with their new rulers, the Boer pioneers, or

79. South Africa Travel Guide @ TravelNotes.org the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging in 1902. About south africa Extensive guide to the history, culture, people, towns, and coins of south africa. http://www.travelnotes.org/Africa/sth_africa.htm

Car Hire Cruises Flights Hotels ... Oceania South Africa South Africa Travel Guide @ TravelNotes.org Bloemfontein Cape Town Durban ... Free TravelNotes e-mail Flag of South Africa The Republic of South Africa has some of the most spectacular coastline on the continent; between Port Elizabeth and The Cape. The independent country of Lesotho forms an enclave in the eastern part of the country. Local Currency Convert your currency into South African rand. Buy a Map of South Africa Countries neighbouring South Africa are: Namibia Botswana Zimbabwe Mozambique ... Swaziland and Lesotho National Anthem of South Africa. Food Travel Fiction Health Kids Bios Humor Mags Software Gifts Tech Business Other Your Ad Here Travel Notes Mailing List News Headlines World News Directory of newspapers and news sources from around the world. South African News From the Electronic Mail and Guardian. Hotel City Search South Africa Country Information The Portuguese were the first Europeans to explore the African coast for a sea route to the East. See Portugal In 1652, the Dutch established a settlement on the Cape as a supply base for the Dutch East India Company.

80. The Making Of Modern South Africa - Book Information The book examines the major issues in south africa s history, from the colonial conquests of the Introduction The Changing history of south africa. http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=0631216618

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