21. South Africa Culture Cheap Car Rental at discouted rates in South Africa. http://car-rental.co.za/south_africa_culture.htm

South Africa Car Hire - South Africa Culture Culture in South Africa is about as diverse as it can come. South Africa is a multiracial society and defining distinct subgroups by skin colour only will potentially get you into trouble. Those of Afrikaner and British descent won't be too happy to be confused with one another, and there are several major and many minor groupings in the traditional black cultures. The mingling and melding in South Africa's urban areas, along with the suppression of traditional cultures during the apartheid years, means that the old ways of life are fading, but traditional black cultures are still strong in much of the countryside. Across the different groups, marriage customs and taboos differ, but most traditional cultures are based on beliefs in a masculine deity, ancestral spirits and supernatural forces. In general, polygamy is permitted and a lobolo (dowry) is usually paid. Cattle play an important part in many cultures, as symbols of wealth and as sacrificial animals. The art of South Africa's indigenous populations can be one of the only ways to connect with lost cultures. Rock and cave paintings by the San, some of which date back 26,000 years, are a case in point. In other cases, such as the elaborate 'coded' beadwork of the Zulus, traditional art has been adapted to survive in different circumstances. Zulu is one of the strongest surviving black cultures and massed Zulu singing at Inkatha Freedom Party demonstrations is a powerful expression of this ancient culture. The Xhosa also have a strong presence; they

22. H-Net Review: Christopher J. Lee On The Making Of South Africa: Culture And Poli Aran S. MacKinnon s The Making of south africa culture and Politics falls into the latter category. Divided into eleven chapters, MacKinnon provides a http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=230841094560907

23. South Africa Culture Forum south africa culture Forum. South Africa Forum dedicated to discussions about culture topics. No messages in this Forum. Create a new topic http://www.warmafrica.com/index/geo/5/cat/3/a/f

Portal to South Africa Mon. 26 Sep. 2005 GENERAL TRAVEL CULTURE SPORTS ... ECONOMY Welcome guest Register South Africa In CULTURE Forum post(s) Search Weather Links Archives ... South Africa Guide Other Topics: general travel sports economy Regional: Southern Africa REGIONAL All Africa North Africa Southern Africa West Africa ... East Africa COUNTRIES Select Country South Africa Morocco Egypt kenya Libya Senegal Zimbabwe Tanzania Mali WarmAfrica Web CHANNELS Forums CHAT ! Weather Web directory ... Webmasters SITE INFO About Privacy Advertising Contact ... culture Forums Forums Warm Africa Discussions South Africa culture Forum Forum Index User: guest Register or login to post South Africa Forum dedicated to discussions about culture topics No messages in this Forum Create a new topic Other South Africa forums : general travel culture sports ... economy Jump to another Africa Forum All Africa general Forum All Africa travel Forum All Africa culture Forum All Africa sports Forum All Africa economy Forum North Africa general Forum North Africa travel Forum North Africa culture Forum North Africa sports Forum North Africa economy Forum Southern Africa general Forum Southern Africa travel Forum Southern Africa culture Forum Southern Africa sports Forum Southern Africa economy Forum West Africa general Forum West Africa travel Forum West Africa culture Forum West Africa sports Forum West Africa economy Forum Morocco general Forum Morocco travel Forum Morocco culture Forum Morocco sports Forum Morocco economy Forum

24. African Culture - Society On The Internet An annotated guide to internet resources on African culture and society. http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/culture.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... Topics: Culture and Society See also: Country Pages Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Africa e Mediterraneo (Roma : Istituto sindacale per la cooperazione allo sviluppo) In Italian. A quarterly magazine about African culture and society. Has the table of contents. Topics covered: literature and theatre, music and dance, visual arts (painting, sculpture, photography), cinema, immigration. Owned by Lai-momo, a non-profit co-operative. Contact: redazione@africaemediterraneo.it [KF] http://www.africaemediterraneo.it Africa: One Continent. Many Worlds Extensive site for the traveling art exhibit from the Field Museum, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County

25. South Africa - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Hyperlinked encyclopedia article covers the history, government and politics, geography, economy, demographics, language and culture of the Southern African country. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa

South Africa From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the country called South Africa. For the region, see southern Africa Republic of South Africa In detail In Detail National motto /Xam : Unity In Diversity or lit. Diverse People Unite) Official languages Afrikaans English Zulu ... Cape Town (legislative) Pretoria (administrative) Bloemfontein (judicial) Largest city Johannesburg President Thabo Mbeki Area ... 1,219,912 km² Negligible Population July Density Ranked 26th 36/km² Independence Dominion Republic From the United Kingdom 31 May 31 May Currency ... ZAR - South African Rand (R) Time zone UTC National anthem Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika/Die Stem van Suid-Afrika ... edit The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of the African continent. It borders the countries of Namibia Botswana Zimbabwe Mozambique and Swaziland Lesotho is an enclave entirely surrounded by South African territory. South Africa has the largest population of people of European descent in Africa, the largest Indian population in Africa, as well as the largest Coloured (of mixed European and African descent) community in Africa, making it one of the most ethnically diverse countries on the continent. Racial and ethnic strife between the white minority and the black majority have played a large part in the country's

26. The Tibet Society Of South Africa - All About Tibet - Tibetan Traditions, Cultur Contains information on Tibetan culture, and links to other Tibetan resources worldwide. http://www.tibet.org.za/

Your browser does not support script The Tibet Society of South Africa Search the TSSA site Powered by FreeFind Email Us For the latest news on His Holiness's 70th Birthday Celebrations, click here Read our latest Newsletter Read all about our Festival of Compassion Welcome to the Tibet Society of South Africa, promoting awareness of Tibet in South Africa. In our site, you will find plenty of information on the history and politics of Tibet, of Tibetan traditions, culture and general lifestyle, of human rights abuses in Tibet as well as the activities of the Tibet Society of South Africa. Please enjoy your visit and take a closer look at that special place Tibet. This page URL: www.tibet.org.za/index.htm This site designed and maintained by Warthog Web Design. Warthog Web Design Warthog Web Design Warthog Web Design

27. South Africa - History, Culture, Towns And Coins Serves as a guide to the history, culture, people, towns, and coins of south africa. http://about-south-africa.com/

Home Main Categories About South Africa SA News SA History Economy ... Coins About SA African Game Parks Population Religion SA Sport ... SA Diamonds New Articles Hopetown Doctor Khumalo Rain Queen Soutpansberg ... The Land Issue All you need to know about South Africa About South Africa From the time in 1652 when Jan van Riebeeck laid out his kitchen garden in the settlement that was to become Cape Town , to Johannesburg 's skyrise emergence from the squalor of a mining camp, careful planning has always been the mainstay of South African towns and cities. South Africa is wealthy; one of the world's top 25 trading nations and among its largest producers of many minerals, notably gold and diamonds , with the mining and manufacturing making up the bulk of the South African economy South African Wildlife South Africa is home of the finest wildlife areas in the world. We have a guide to all the South African Wildlife parks including the Kruger National Park Addo Elephant Park Kirstenbosch and the Kalahari Gemsbok Park South African Coins The story of a Nation's Coinages forms a small but very important part of its history and culture. We investigate the coinage from South Africa for the period 1815-1902. We examine if Rev. John Campbell did indeed introduced the first South African coins in 1815 at Griquatown . We look at the money matters of the Griquas , in Natal , the Orange Free State and the Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek ZAR Coins ) . We have a complete reference for ZAR

28. South Africa Languages And Culture south africa Languages and culture south africans have been referred to as the Rainbow Nation a title which illuminates the .. http://www.sa-venues.com/sa_languages_and_culture.htm

Deutsch: Südafrika's Sprachen South Africa General Information South Africa Tourist Information ... botswana South Africans have been referred to as the 'rainbow nation', a title which illuminates the country's cultural diversity. The population of South Africa is one of the most complex and diverse in the world. Of the 45 million South Africans, nearly 31 million are Black, 5 million White, 3 million Coloured and one million Indian. The population density is 32.9 people per km². The Black population is divided into four major ethnic groups, namely Nguni, Sotho, Shangaan-Tsonga and Venda. There are numerous subgroups of which the Zulu and Xhosa (two subgroups of the Nguni) are the largest. The majority of the White population is of Afrikaans descent (60%), with many of the remaining 40% being of British descent. Most of the Coloured population live in the Northern and Western Cape provinces, whilst most of the Indian population lives in KwaZulu Natal. The Afrikaner population is concentrated in the Gauteng and Orange Free State provinces and the English population in the Western and Eastern Cape and Kwazulu-Natal Languages: There are eleven official languages in South Africa English Afrikaans Ndebele Northern Sotho Xhosa Venda Tswana Southern Sotho Zulu Swazi Tsonga Some Commonly used South African words and phrases

29. South Africa Cultural & Historical Interests south africa Cultural and Historical Interests. You are invited to hear the clatter of the bones of the Samgona, learn about the sacred places of the Xhosa, http://www.places.co.za/html/culture.html

Home FAQ Maps News ... Login Sunday, September 25 2005 Accommodation Game Lodges Hotels National Parks ... Travel Insurance Select a Country Botswana Mozambique Namibia Swaziland Zimbabwe Province Guide City Guides Travel Activities Adventures ... Contact Southern Africa Places cc P.O. Box 3422 Paarl Western Cape South Africa Accommodation Travel Guides Maps You are invited to hear the clatter of the bones as the Samgona rolls it across the floor .... learn about the sacred places of the Xhosa ... view the cell on Robben Island where Nelson Mandela was imprisoned ... follow the footsteps of Ghandi .... experience the lifestyle of the early pioneer farmers .... follow route the Voortrekkers took ..... view Mrs Ples, the skull of a 2 million year old female .... you are invited to meet South Africa Ethnic Villages View cultural villages or visit Kagga Kamma - the place of the Bushmen. African Art Centre - Durban Isinamva Cultural Viliage - Mount Frere - Eastern Cape Kaya Lendaba - Port Elizabeth - Eastern Cape Basotho Cultural Village - Witsieshoek - Free State Stewarts Farm - Eshowe - KwaZulu Natal - Hluhluwe - KwaZulu Natal Lesedi Cultural Village - Hartbeespoort - North West Shakaland - Eshowe - KwaZulu Natal Markets, rambles and various routes around all the main cities will expose you to the variety of African and other crafts that can be purchased at excellent prices.

30. South Africa : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library Of Congress Overview of life, history, and culture by the US Library of Congress. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/zatoc.html

The Library of Congress Especially for Researchers Research Centers Home ... Country Studies South Africa Find in Federal Research Division Pages Researchers Web Pages All Library of Congress Pages A Country Study: South Africa Library of Congress Call Number South Africa Foreword Acknowledgments Preface ... Search Database Choose a Country Study Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belize Bhutan Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Colombia Caribbean Islands Comoros Cyprus Czechoslovakia (Former) Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Germany (East) Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Laos Lebanon Libya Lithuania Macau Madagascar Maldives Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Nepal Nicaragua Nigeria North Korea Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Seychelles Singapore Somalia South Africa South Korea Soviet Union (Former) Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkmenistan Turkey Uganda United Arab Emirates Uruguay

31. H-SAfrica Discussion Network HNet discussion group dedicated to south and southern africa history and culture. Includes subject overview, links to related resources and lists, reviews, archive, and subscription details. http://www.h-net.org/~safrica/

about search site map editors ... help Search H-SAfrica Enter keyword(s) Search all H-Net Logs General Information Subscribe! Manage Subscription Subscription Help Welcome Message ... About H-SAfrica H-SAfrica Resources Discussion Logs H-SAfrica Reviews H-SAfrica Links Related Lists H-Africa H-Afrlitcine H-AfrArts H-AfrTeach ... H-WAfrica Welcome to H-SAfrica H-SAfrica is an international electronic discussion group dedicated to the promotion of all aspects of South and Southern Africa history and culture, and Southern African studies in general. Recent Messages Software error: unable to connect to database h-net: Unknown MySQL Server Host 'www.h-net.org' (2) at /usr/lib/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl line 207. For help, please send mail to the webmaster ( webstaff@mail.h-net.msu.edu ), giving this error message and the time and date of the error. Recent Reviews Reviewer: Hans Erik Stolten Author: Christopher Munthe Morgenstierne Title: Denmark and National Liberation in Southern Africa: A Flexible Response Reviewer: Elaine Windrich Author: Andrew Meldrum Title: Where We Have Hope: A Memoir of Zimbabwe Reviewer: Elaine Windrich Author: Eliakim M. Sibanda

32. African Art On The Internet See also BBC s africa 05 celebration of african culture from February-October Axis Gallery represents several leading south african artists and http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/art.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... Topics: African Art on the Internet See also: South African Art Photographs Addis Art - Ethiopian Art and Artists Page Contemporary Ethiopian art and artists - paintings, sculptures and digital art work by students and professionals from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. University instructor, Getahun Assefa 's paintings , drawings, sculpture, digital art. Also work by his brother, Tesfaye Assefa. Based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [KF] http://www.addisart.com/ Addis Art - Nouveau Art from Ethiopia Artists include Shiferaw Girma and Lulseged Retta. Photographs of each artist's work, a biography, and video. Founded by Mesai Haileleul. [KF] http://www.addis-art.com/ Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Afewerk Tekle "Ethiopia’s leading artist." Biography, his paintings, sculptures, mosaics, murals, art in the artist's home. Afewerk created the stained-glass windows at the entrance of Africa Hall, headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. "In 1964, he became the first winner of the Haile Selassie I prize for Fine Arts." "In 2000, he was one of the few chosen World Laureates by the council of the ABI on the occasion of the 27th International Millennium Congress on the Arts and Communication in Washington DC." He painted Kwame Nkrumah's portrait and was awarded the American Golden Academy Award and the Cambridge Order of Excellence England. Prints of his work may be purchased online. http://www.afewerktekle.org

33. South Africa And Its Culture culture in south africa is about as diverse as it can come. south africa is a multiracial society and defining distinct subgroups by skin colour only will http://www.south-africa-tours.com/south-africa-culture.html

South Africa and its Culture Culture in South Africa is about as diverse as it can come. South Africa is a multiracial society and defining distinct subgroups by skin colour only will potentially get you into trouble. Those of Afrikaner and British descent won't be too happy to be confused with one another, and there are several major and many minor groupings in the traditional black cultures. The mingling and melding in South Africa's urban areas, along with the suppression of traditional cultures during the apartheid years, means that the old ways of life are fading, but traditional black cultures are still strong in much of the countryside. Across the different groups, marriage customs and taboos differ, but most traditional cultures are based on beliefs in a masculine deity, ancestral spirits and supernatural forces. In general, polygamy is permitted and a lobolo (dowry) is usually paid. Cattle play an important part in many cultures, as symbols of wealth and as sacrificial animals. The art of South Africa's indigenous populations can be one of the only ways to connect with lost cultures. Rock and cave paintings by the San, some of which date back 26,000 years, are a case in point. In other cases, such as the elaborate 'coded' beadwork of the Zulus, traditional art has been adapted to survive in different circumstances. Zulu is one of the strongest surviving black cultures and massed Zulu singing at Inkatha Freedom Party demonstrations is a powerful expression of this ancient culture. The Xhosa also have a strong presence; they are known as the red people because of the red-dyed clothing worn by most adults. The Ndebele are a related group, who live in the north-western corner of what is now Mpumalanga in strikingly painted houses.

34. Kenneth G Profile of this University of south Carolina Assistant Professor. Research interests include culture contact and change, transformation and the origin of complex societies, africa, ethnohistory, and the Caribbean. http://www.cla.sc.edu/ANTH/Faculty/KGKelly1/index.html

Kenneth. G. Kelly Ph.D. University of California, Los Angeles 1995 Associate Professor Undergraduate Director Ph. No and Location: 777-2616 Hamilton College Room 200B Email: kenneth.kelly@sc.edu Click here to go to my home page I specialize in Historical Archaeology and African Archaeology. My research interests include culture contact and change, transformation and the origin of complex societies, ethnohistory, Africa, and the Caribbean. I have concentrated on studying the archaeology of the African Diaspora, and have conducted research in Jamaica, and in Togo and Bénin, West Africa, and most recently in Guadeloupe. My research at Seville, which contributed to my MA from William and Mary (1989), was focused on the African Jamaican villages home to the enslaved labor force on the large sugar plantation. My long-term project, archaeological research at Savi and Ouidah, towns in Bénin dating to the period of the Slave Trade, began in 1991. This, the first long term archaeological project in Bénin, has studied the ways in which African political elites controlled and manipulated the presence of European traders to their own advantage. During the summer of 1999 two of our MA students spent six weeks with me working at Savi, gathering data for their theses. In 2001 I began developing a new research focus, studying plantation villages on the French Island of Guadeloupe. Here, I am continuing to study the archaeology of the African Diaspora by investigating how Africans enslaved in the French Colonial system created a new Creole culture in ways similar to, or different from people enslaved elsewhere in the Caribbean. An initial survey I conducted in May 2001 (with former USC MA student Peggy Brunache) identified nearly 20 archaeological sites associated with the villages where enslaved Africans lived.

35. Bush Negroes An ethnographic account of the descendants of Black slaves brought as plantation laborers from africa to Surinam in northeastern south America. http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7834

Society-BUSH-NEGROES The Bush Negroes (also called Refugee Blacks or Guiana Maroons) are the descendants of Black slaves brought as plantation laborers from Africa to Surinam in northeastern South America, starting in the last half of the seventeenth century. (See Price 1976: fn. 2 on pp. 2-3, for a discussion of the derivation and meaning of the terms "Bush Negro" and "Maroon.") The ancestors of the major Bush Negro tribes escaped from the plantations of coastal Surinam to the forests of the interior in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. There they developed distinctive societies reflecting a blending and adaptation to local conditions of various African sociocultural patterns, and incorporating strong Amerindian influences in their material culture e.g. horticultural practices, hunting and fishing techniques, crafts such as basketry, the use of therapeutic plants, and so forth. After a half century of guerrilla warfare against colonial and European troops, the Bush Negroes signed treaties with the Dutch colonial government in the 1760s, enabling them to live a virtually independent existence until the past few decades. Their numbers increased markedly during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries so that the modern Bush Negro population is generally estimated to be somewhere between 25,000 and 47,000, probably closer to the latter figure. For the most part, they live along the rivers of the interior of Surinam. However, growing numbers are now living in and around Paramaribo, the capitol of Surinam, and they also seem to be expanding eastward into adjacent French Guiana (cf. Herskovits and Herskovits 1934: vii; Hurault 1959: 2; Kobben 1967: 35; Price 1972: 83; and Price 1976: 3-4, 21). Today, according to Price (1976), there are six Bush Negro tribes. He divides them into two main groups on the basis of cultural and linguistic differences, as well as location: (1) the Eastern Tribes, consisting of the Djuka (Aucaner, Awka), the Aluku (Aluku nenge, Boni), and the Paramaka (Paramacca); and (2) the Central Tribes, consisting of the Saramaka (Saramacca), the Matawai, and the Kwinti (cf. the tribal distribution map in Price 1976: 5). The Djuka and Saramaka are the largest tribes, with estimated populations of 15,000 to 20,000 each. The Aluku, Matawai, and Paramaka are much smaller, with estimated populations of around 2,000 each. The smallest tribe is the Kwinti, with fewer than 500 people. Three main creole languages are spoken in Surinam: (1) Sranan (Sranan Tongo, Taki-Taki), which was once the language of the plantation slaves and is now the "national language" of Surinam, spoken throughout the country as a lingua franca; (2) Ndjuka, spoken by the Djuka, Aluku, and Paramaka; and (3) Saramaccan, spoken by the Saramaka and Matawai. It is not clear where the language of the Kwinti fits since it has not been adequately described. The Voegelins (1977) list a fourth language, Aucaan, but give no further information about it. Both Price and the Voegelins agree that Sranan and Ndjuka are, with little effort, mutually intelligible; while Saramaccan is the most distinct of the three languages and mutually unintelligible with Sranan. (It is not specified whether Saramaccan and Ndjuka are also mutually unintelligible.) There is one key difference between Price and the Voegelins with respect to the classification of these languages. The latter classify all of them as English-based creole languages belonging to the Atlantic branch of the West Germanic group of Germanic within Indo-European. Price would presumably agree except in the case of Saramaccan. If his estimate of the derivations of the Saramaccan vocabulary is correct (i.e., 50 percent African, 20 percent Portuguese, 20 percent English, and 10 percent Dutch and Amerindian), then Saramaccan cannot be classified as an English-based creole. Furthermore, Saramaccan is fully a tone language (cf. Price 1976: 35-36; Voegelin 1977: 142-44). The modern Bush Negro tribes share a common cultural configuration, yet manifest important differences. As Price has stated (1976: 4), "These societies, though formed under broadly similar historical and ecological conditions, nevertheless display significant variations in everything from language, diet, and dress to patterns of marriage, residence, and migratory wage labor." Traditionally, the greatest differences were between the Eastern and Central Tribes, but "the differential development of Suriname's interior by government and mining interests is complicating this picture today." Price (1976: 6-42) presents an excellent preliminary analysis of the historical processes which may account for these major cultural variations. Although the details of his analysis will not be reviewed here, they deserve the closest study by any serious student of the Bush Negroes. Perhaps of greater immediate importance for our purposes are the broad sociocultural patterns shared by the Bush Negro tribes. Villages, which average one hundred to two hundred residents, consist of a core of matrilineally-related kinsmen plus some spouses and descendants of lineage men. Matriliny dominates descent ideology, with "matriclans" and "matrilineages" ... forming the basic units of the formal social structure. Since the colonial government signed treaties with the Djuka, Saramaka, and Matawai [an offshoot of the Saramaka] in the mid-eighteenth century, and placed the Aluku, Paramaka, and Kwinti in "protectorate" relationships under these treaty tribes during the nineteenth century, a loose framework of indirect rule has obtained. Each tribe, except the tiny Kwinti, has a government-approved Paramount Chief (gaama, granman) ... a series of headmen (kabiteni), and other public officials. Traditionally, the role of these officials in political and social control was exercised in a context replete with oracles, spirit possession, and other forms of divination ... In general, Bush Negroes enjoy an extremely rich ritual life, and the complex series of shrines and cults serve as foci for groups of residentially dispersed kinsmen. Their economy has long been based on a combination of periodic male wage labor on the coast and swidden horticulture and hunting and fishing ... Unusually skillful artists, performers, and orators, Bush Negroes in general exhibit a strongly aesthetic approach to life [Price 1976: 4,6]. Specifically, the first, modern anthropological field research with any Bush Negro tribe started among the Djuka in 1961 with the work of Kobben, Thoden van Velzen, and van Wetering. These Dutch scholars have now published the standard ethnographic sources on the Djuka. General ethnographic research among the Saramaka was conducted by Richard and Sally Price in 1966, 1967-68, and briefly in 1974 and 1975. Part of their data has been published, and other works are in preparation. Other anthropologists have recently done field research with the Paramaka, Matawai, and Kwinti. A discussion of all of this research, and the relevant citations, may be found in Price's invaluable historical and bibliographical introduction to the Bush Negroes (1976), which contains 1,330 entries dating from 1667 to 1975. Culture summary by Robert O. Lagace Herskovits, Melville Jean. Rebel destiny: among the Bush Negroes of Dutch Guiana. By Melville J. Herskovits and Frances S. Herskovits. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1934. 366 p. illus., maps. Hurault, Jean. Etude demographique comparee des Indiens Oayana et des noirs refugies Boni du Haut-Maroni (Guyane Francaise) [Comparative demographic study of the Oyana Indians and the Boni refugee blacks of the Upper Maroni (French Guiana)]. Population, 14 (1959): 509-534. Kobben, Andre J. F. Review of Jean Hurault 1961, Les Noirs Refugies Boni de la Guyane Francaise. Caribbean Studies, 5/3 (1965): 63-65. Kobben, Andre J. F. Participation and quantification; field work among the Djuka (Bush Negroes of Surinam). In D. G. Jongmans and P.C. W. Gutkind, eds. Anthropologists in the Field. Assen, Van Gorcum, 1967. Price, Richard. The Guiana Maroons: a historical and bibliographical introduction. Baltimore and London, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976. Price, Richard. The Guiana Maroons: changing perspectives in "Bush Negro" studies. Caribbean Studies, 11/4 (1972): 82-105. Voegelin, C. F. and F. M. Classification and index of the world's languages. New York, Elsevier, 1977. 7834

36. Matam Press Publishes books on aboriginal spirituality, science, and culture with a focus on ancient classical cultures, particularly of the Far East, south America and africa. http://www.matampress.com/

;" BGCOLOR="#ffffff" LINK="#000000" VLINK="#000000"> Subscribe to the Matam Today Newsletter!: Welcome to Matam Press Matam Press is a unique publisher of books and prints on specialized subjects. Founded in 1999, this small press is a special place to showcases my art and writing. Hello, my name is Matomah Alesha. Each of the products you find here is unique. My subjects of interest cover an eclectic range of ideas. I can't say for certain what will inspire me next, but right now I have a number of projects that cover black Goddess mythology and culture. Please browse my bookstore. The products are one of a kind and made with love. Latest Book Release Content Book Excerpt Book Reviews View Pages: 173 Illustrations: 16 ISBN: 1-4116-0643-4 Size: 6X9 Binding: Paperback Sako Ma: A Look at the Sacred Monkey Totem by Matomah Alesha where an open book is an open door Matam Press Enter the Bookstore Receive the latest news and updates from Matam Press in your inbox. Get your FREE Matam Today newsletter. The Latest News Questia Sotelo Studios Dark Mother ... Northern Traders Contributors Second Edition Available Now The First Book of the Black Goddess Second Edition by Matomah Alesha Pages: 414 Illustrations: 33 ISBN: 1-4116-1328-7 Size: 6X9 Binding: Paperback Content Book Excerpt Book Reviews View Your Opinion Counts Have an inspired book review or comments about this site and its services, please

37. The Egyptian Society Of South Africa Aims to foster an appreciation of the history and culture of ancient Egypt (as well as modern Egypt) through lectures, a newsletter and tours. http://users.iafrica.com/g/gr/grenvill/

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38. Kwela - SouthAfrica.info Essential Information. About south africa. more culture Democracy Demographics Education Fauna and flora south african Weather Service http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/culture/922564.htm

Mon, 26 Sep 2005 About South Africa Culture Democracy Demographics ... SA Weather Service Mapping the best sites in SA cyberspace - goSouthAfrica Find your way on our interactive macro-to-micro South Africa map Kwela One of the offshoots of the marabi sound was kwela, which brought South African music to international prominence in the 1950s. The primary instrument of kwela, in the beginning, was the pennywhistle, a cheap and simple instrument which was taken up by street performers in the shanty towns. Apart from being cheap and portable, as well as susceptible to use as a solo or an ensemble instrument, part of the popularity of the pennywhistle was perhaps based on the fact that flutes of different kinds had long been traditional instruments among the peoples of the more northerly parts of South Africa, and the pennywhistle thus enabled the swift adaptation of folk tunes into the new marabi-inflected idiom. The term "kwela" is derived from the Zulu for "get up", though in township slang it also referred to the police vans, the "kwela-kwela". Thus it could be an invitation to join the dance as well as a warning. It is said that the young men who played the pennywhistle on street corners also acted as lookouts to warn those enjoying themselves in the illegal drinking dens of the arrival of the cops. Lemmy Mabaso was one of the famous pennywhistle stars; he began performing in the streets at the age of 10. Talent scouts were sent out by the recording industry to lure pennywhistlers into the studio and have them record their tunes with full band backing. Stars such as Spokes Mashiyane had hits with kwela pennywhistle tunes.

39. Andy Cobb Adventures Scuba diving, shark diving in south africa and Zulu culture. http://users.iafrica.com/s/se/seafaris/adventure/andy.html

We specialise in adventure diving and game park safaris and an introduction to Zulu culture for small groups to ensure personal attention. We will design an itinerary to suit you. In order to maintain our strong commitment to the diving safety requirements, yet ensure that your holiday is still interesting, we offer educational shark and environmental diving combined with an introduction to Zulu culture and game viewing Adventure diving -Protea Banks Southern Mozambique, Aliwal or Sodwana Game park safaris Zulu cultural experience Shark diving Environmental diving Wreck diving Diving courses Mail us HOMEPAGE

40. The Netherlands Consulate General, Cape Town, South Africa ConsulateGeneral of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Cape Town. Includes contact information, resources and information on history, culture and education. http://www.dutch-consulate.co.za

Welcome Country Information Passports/Citizenship Visa/Residence Permit ... Contact Details ZORGVERZEKERING VANAF 1 JANUARI 2006 lees meer ... click here Information regarding visas and passports click here for passports click here for visas Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Netherlands The Netherlands Embassy web site in Pretoria CONSULATE HOURS Opening hours are as follows: Monday to Thursday 9.00 - 12.00 Fridays 9.00 - 11.00 The Consulate-General is closed on weekends, on South-African Public Holidays and on Queens Day (30 April). click here to view public holidays CONSULATE ENQUIRIES General: Visa/Passport: dial extension 201/202 Dutch Nationality / bursaries: dial extension 211 Business / trade: dial extension 206 All other sections require appointments Meet our Staff...click here The Consulate-General of the Kingdom of the Netherlands accepts no legal liability for incorrect information provided by the websites to which reference is made through this homepage. No rights can be derived from the texts on this Internet site.

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