21. SALSA EVENTS IN DC - History Of Salsa with diverse and heretofore unknown African, European, and indigenous peoples rhythms from getting out; most notably that of songo and mozambique . http://www.stuckonsalsa.com/history_of_salsa

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22. World Rainforest Movement Bulletin #12 biodiversity, and inhabited by the Kolla indigenous peoples. They strongly opposethe project the tribe) songo Aboikoni did apply for a gold and logging http://forests.org/archive/general/wrm12.htm

World Rainforest Movement Bulletin #12 Attached is the renowned World Rainforest Movement's most recent electronic digest of happenings in the rainforest conservation movement. These updates have been coming out for about a year now and are an excellent source of the latest news. Please take the opportunity to sign up for their list server. g.b. RELAYED TEXT STARTS HERE: Title: WRM Bulletin #12 Source: World Rainforest Movement WRMfriends list server Status: Distribute freely with credit given to source Date: May 29, 1998 **WORLD RAINFOREST MOVEMENT MOVIMIENTO MUNDIAL POR LOS BOSQUES International Secretariat Oxford Office Instituto del Tercer Mundo 1c Fosseway Business Centre Jackson 1136 Stratford Road Montevideo Moreton-in-Marsh Uruguay GL56 9NQ United Kingdom Ph +598 2 409 61 92 Ph. +44.1608.652.893 Fax +598 2 401 92 22 Fax +44.1608.652.878 EMail: rcarrere@chasque.apc.org EMail: wrm@gn.apc.org http://www.wrm.org.uy W R M B U L L E T I N # 12 MAY 1998 In this issue: * WRM GENERAL ACTIVITIES * News from the International Secretariat - Underlying Causes meeting in Bratislava - Action for the "yungas" - Action for Imataca Forest Reserve in Venezuela * WRM Campaigns - Plantations campaign meeting in Uruguay * INTERNATIONAL - Indigenous peoples excluded at COP IV - Message from Bratislava to Kyoto on tree plantations - Forest Policy: Letter to the World Bank * LOCAL STRUGGLES AND NEWS AFRICA - Tanzania: mangroves menaced by aquaculture project

23. WRM Bulletin Nº 12 / May 1998 indigenous peoples excluded at COP IV; Message from Bratislava to Kyoto on treeplantations africa. Tanzania mangroves menaced by aquaculture project http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/12.html

WRM Bulletin To download the bulletin in RTF format click here For free subscription Previous issues Issue Number 12 - May 1998 WRM GENERAL ACTIVITIES Underlying Causes meeting in Bratislava Action for the "yungas Action for Imataca Forest Reserve in Venezuela WRM CAMPAIGNS Plantations campaign meeting in Uruguay INTERNATIONAL Indigenous peoples excluded at COP IV Message from Bratislava to Kyoto on tree plantations Forest Policy: Letter to the World Bank LOCAL STRUGGLES AND NEWS AFRICA Tanzania: mangroves menaced by aquaculture project Nigeria: NGO nominated for the Sophie Prize ASIA Villagers arbitrarily arrested in Thailand The truth about Rio Tinto Indonesia: local people burn oil palm plantation company's base camp NORTH AMERICA Canada: Victory of indigenous peoples in court SOUTH AMERICA Ecuador: Sign-on letter to protect UNESCO reserve from oil exploitation Suriname: gold, coke and malaria Indigenous communities against logging company in Bolivia Venezuela: National Meeting in Defence of the Gran Sabana and Sierra de Imataca ... Uruguay: anti-pulpwood plantation movement on the rise top WRM GENERAL ACTIVITIES Underlying Causes meeting in Bratislava The WRM international coordinator went to Bratislava, where the Organizing and Steering Committees of the Joint Initiative to Address the Underlying Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation met in parallel to the meeting of the Biodiversity Convention's COP4. Committee members received full reports from the Global Secretariat (integrated by WRM and the Netherlands Committee for IUCN) and from the regional coordinators on the activies carried out until present. A decision was made as respects to moving the date of the Global Workshop in Costa Rica to 18-22 January 1999. A presentation of the initiative was attended by an important number of government delegates, many of which expressed their willingness to participate in the process and/or to support it through different means. For more information on this initiative, please consult the relevant area in our web page (

24. Hazard Risk Management africa East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America andCaribbean indigenous and AfroEcuadorian peoples Development http://www.worldbank.org/hazards/projects/mitigation.htm

var templatePathPrefix = "http://siteresources.worldbank.org/"; Home Site Map Index FAQs ... Topics Search Hazard Mgmt All Home Topics Urban Development Hazard Risk Management Overview Good Practices Guidelines and Sample Damage and Needs Assessments Related Links ... Contacts Welcome - Hazard Risk Management Last Updated: September 19,2005 The mission of the World Bank is to fight poverty. An important part of this mission is providing assistance to prepare for and recover from natural or man-made disasters that can result in great human and economic losses. Indeed, developing countries suffer the greatest costs when a disaster hits - more than 95 percent of all deaths caused by disasters occur in developing countries; and losses due to natural disasters are 20 times greater (as a percentage of GDP) in developing countries than in industrial countries. Moreover, poorly planned development can turn a recurring natural phenomenon into a human and economic disaster. Allowing dense populations on a floodplain or permitting poor or unenforced building codes in earthquake zones is as likely as a natural event to cause casualties and losses. Similarly, allowing the degradation of natural resources increases the risk of disaster. In this connection, the World Bank's Hazard Risk Management team aims to reduce human suffering and economic losses caused by natural and technological disasters. We do this by helping the World Bank provide a more strategic and rapid response to disasters, and promoting the integration of disaster prevention and mitigation efforts into the range of development activities.

25. Clarke's Books SOUTH WEST africa, and its indigenous peoples, with an introductionby Stuart Cloete, 102pp., 4to., b/w colour illus., map, hardback, dw, http://www.clarkesbooks.co.za/catalogues/catalogue105.htm

CATALOGUE 105 Issued October 2000 The catalogues are online versions of our printed catalogues and are not updated as stock is sold. For this reason, some items, especially in older catalogues, may no longer be available. If this is the case your order will be recorded and offered when stock comes in. Out of Print Books Big Game Hunting The Cape Military History Namibia ... Miscellaneous Recent Books on Southern Africa Anglo-Boer War Biography Botswana Education ... Fiction BEYOND THE BOUNDS OF HISTORY, scenes from the old stone age, English translation by Mary E. Boyle. , London, 1949. AMAGQIRHA, religion, magic and medicine in Transkei , Cape Town, 1981. How (M.W.) THE MOUNTAIN BUSHMEN OF BASUTOLAND, illustrations by James Walton , Pretoria, 1962. Impey (S.P.) ORIGIN OF THE BUSHMEN AND THE ROCK PAINTINGS OF SOUTH AFRICA , 102pp., illus., hardback , Cape Town, 1926. BUSHMEN OF THE SOUTHERN KALAHARI, papers reprinted from Bantu Studies, volume X, no. 1 and volume XI, no. 3, together with some additional material , 283pp.text+65pp.tables+5 folding tables, 62pp. illus., hardback

26. Musées Afrique Exposition Ulwazi Lwemvelo indigenous Knowledge in South africa Arts etethnographie de l Angola Yombe, Solongo, Tshokwe, songo http://www2.unil.ch/gybn/Arts_Peuples/Ex_Africa/ex_Af_musaf.html

MUSEES Afrique Afrique du Sud Angola Botswana Burkina Faso ... Zimbabwe ou plusieurs oeuvres majeures. Afrique du Sud Cape Town South African National Gallery Government Avenue ma-di 10-17 Arts de la perle / Expositions temporaires Cape Town Gold of Africa Museum . Martin Melck House 96 Strand Street Bijoux d'or d'Afrique de l'Ouest (coll Barbier-Mueller); objets d'or des civilisations d'Afrique australe Cape Town - Gardens South African Museum 25 Queen Victoria Street lu-di 10-17 terres cuites de Lydenburg San (peintures rupestres), Zimb abwe Tsonga , Khoikhoi, Sotho, Nguni, Shona, Lovedu... Exposition " Ulwazi Lwemvelo - Indigenous Knowledge in South Africa Cape Town - Rosebank University of Cape Town Irma Stern Museum Cecil Road ma-sa 10-17 Arts de Zanzibar et du Congo: Lega, Luba Durban Art Gallery City Hall lu-sa 8.30-16; di 11-16 Durban Local History Museum Aliwal Street East London East London Museum lu-ve 9.30-17; sa 9.30-12

27. Globeleq - CDC Injects Further US$18M Into East African Power Sector Songas will build, own, and operate a gas processing plant at songo songo As development of an indigenous resource Songas is expected to have a strong http://www.globeleq.com/fw/main/CDC_Injects_Further_US$18M_into_East_African_Pow

Home Page About Us Global Operations Our People ... Features CDC Injects Further US$18M into East African Power Sector 10 October 2001 CDC Capital Partners, a leading risk capital investor in emerging markets, has invested US$18m for a 20% equity take in the Tanzanian IPP, Songas Limited. Other investors in the US$340 million business are AES, World Bank and European Investment Bank. Songas' business is the production, processing, transportation, supply and conversion to power of gas in the Songo Songo field, 200km south of Dar es Salaam. Songas will build, own, and operate a gas processing plant at Songo Songo island, as well as a pipeline from the island to the Tanzanian coast and then on to Dar es Salaam. It will also manage the existing 110 MW gas turbine plant at Ubungo - an industrial suburb of Dar es Salaam. The plant will be converted to run on gas, supplied via the pipeline, instead of current liquid fuels, and it is expected that a fifth turbine be added in due course. Songas will also supply gas to Wazo Hill cement works, 25km north east of Dar es Salaam. Tanesco, the Tanzanian state-owned utility, will purchase power from Songas under a 20 year Power Purchase Agreement. Pan African Energy and the Tanzanian Petroleum Development Corporation will jointly market gas not required by Songas, and will transport the gas via the Songas pipeline at an agreed tariff.

28. Globeleq - CDC Globeleq Invests In Provision Of Reliable Electricity For Tanzani The project will bring indigenous gas to Dar es Salaam and use it to produce clean In South africa, CDC Globeleq is acquiring AES’s 95 per cent economic http://www.globeleq.com/fw/main/CDC_Globeleq_Invests_in_Provision_of_Reliable_El

Home Page About Us Global Operations Our People ... Features CDC Globeleq Invests in Provision of Reliable Electricity for Tanzania and South Africa 17 December 2002 CDC GLOBELEQ INVESTS IN PROVISION OF RELIABLE ELECTRICITY FOR TANZANIA AND SOUTH AFRICA CDC Globeleq, the recently established emerging market power business of CDC Group plc, is investing US$116m to acquire two major electricity generation assets in Africa from the AES Corporation. In South Africa, CDC Globeleq is acquiring AES’s 95 per cent economic interest in Kelvin, a 600 megawatt coal-fired power station serving the city of Johannesburg. The other 5 per cent economic interest is held by Global African Power, a black empowerment partner. CDC Globeleq will complete the US$25 million investment being made to refurbish the plant, significantly improving its environmental performance and enhancing the supply of low price electricity to the 270,000 customers of City Power Johannesburg. CDC Globeleq, 100% owned by CDC Group plc, was established earlier this year as a commercial power business for emerging markets. This transaction is the first stage of a strategy to acquire, develop and operate power companies in the developing world. CDC Globeleq expects to be announcing further acquisitions in the next few months. Commenting on the acquisitions, Bob Hart, CEO of CDC Globeleq, said “The sweeping changes in the global power industry in the past eighteen months have resulted in huge opportunities and challenges. Our fast-growing team of professionals are ready for this exciting prospect, and we are making progress with respect to transactions in virtually every part of the emerging markets. Songas and Kelvin are good quality assets, and we are really looking forward to working with their excellent management teams to complete the development programmes and bring these power stations to their full potential”.

29. Cuba In A Caribbean Perspective 3. the militant resistance by indigenous peoples whereby many lives were lost . This is a historical process whereby the people of African descent in http://www.afrocubaweb.com/eugenegodfried/cubacaribbean.htm

AfroCubaWeb Links Eugene Godfried Contacting the author En español: Cuba en una perspectiva caribeña Cuba In A Caribbean Perspective: A critical historical review of the position and role of Cubans of African descent in the process of social change By Eugene Godfried, June, 2000 Cuban social and ethnic composition is the result of colonial and capitalist social economic formation of the plantation economy. As Christopher Columbus arrived in Cuba in 1492, he met the first inhabitants of the island, the Tainos. After creating the first village under Spanish domination on the far eastern point of Baracoa, the Spanish rulers started the process of enslaving the native Tainos which led to the so called "encomienda" system formally regulating the trade and possession of natives working in the mines and plantations appropriated by the Spanish settlers. The Spaniards decided to import African labor as slaves to replace the native Taino labor force whose numbers had dropped significantly in the contest against the Spanish colonizers. The Tainos had paid with their life and blood while resisting Spanish intrusion on their lands. The first group of Subsaharan Africans were brought into Cuba in the 16 th century from Sevilla, Spain. Thereafter a huge slave - trade was set up by the Portuguese, Dutch, British and French, deporting Africans from their homelands in Africa in order to bring them to the Caribbean and the New Continent as an enslaved labor force.

30. Guillermón Moncada And The Defeat Of ‘Rancheador’- Slavehunter UNESCO calls on the peoples of the world to denounce slavery and racism. a significant presence of people of color, descendants of Africans, indigenous, http://www.afrocubaweb.com/eugenegodfried/moncadaeng.htm

Links Guillermón Moncada and the Defeat of ‘Rancheador’- Slavehunter - Miguel Pérez Céspedes Of  Guantánamo by Eugène Godfried INTRODUCTION Not surprisingly, the official discourse in the Province of Guantánamo considers the arrival of José Martí on April 11, 1895 at Playa Cajobabo to be the most important historical event of that territory. This statement, indirectly discards the miraculous arrival on April 1st of 1895 at Duaba, Guantánamo, of Antonio and José Maceo and others, despite the mistake made by Martí in appointing Flor Crombet to be the head of that expedition which left from Puerto Limón, Costa Rica. Moreover, the oppressed, exploited, and humble masses of Guantánamo know several moments of great importance in their struggle for the liberation from Spain. Let us just take into account the brave struggles led by Guillermón Moncada, who put an end to the actions of the hated racist and ‘rancheador’ i.e. professional ‘slavehunter,’ Miguel Pérez Céspedes. UNESCO calls on the peoples of the world to denounce slavery and racism. In order to achieve this goal one should see and defend history from the eyes of those who for more than five centuries were victims of the eurocentrist and eurosupremacist colonial system. Guantánamo has a significant presence of people of color, descendants of Africans, Indigenous, Asians and humble Europeans who traced landmarks in their liberation struggles. Eugène Godfried Caribbean specialist/journalist

31. African Masks African peoples often symbolize death by the colour white rather than Having conquered the indigenous peoples, the Lunda gradually assimilated with them http://www.vub.ac.be/BIBLIO/nieuwenhuysen/african-art/african-art-collection-mas

Pictures / photos / images of some MASKS and headdresses in the African tribal, antique, ritual, ethnographic, classical, "primitive" art collection (of variable age, artistic quality, and degree of authenticity) Many African societies see masks as mediators between the living world and the supernatural world of the dead, ancestors and other entities. Masks became and still become the attribute of a dressed up dancer who gave it life and word at the time of ceremonies. In producing a mask, a sculptor's aim is to depict a person's psychological and moral characteristics, rather than provide a portrait. The sculptor begins by cutting a piece of wood and leaving it to dry in the sun; if it cracks, it cannot be used for a mask. African sculptors see wood as a complex living material and believe each piece can add its own feature to their work. Having made certain the wood is suitable, the sculptor begins, using an azde to carve the main features, a chisel to work on details and a rough leaf to sand the piece. He then paints the mask with pigments such as charcoal (to give a black colour), powders made from vegetable matter or trees (for ochre/earth tones) or mineral powders like clay (to give a white colour).

32. The Edge: World Music As A Tool For Teaching ... For example, much world music either comes from africa or from It had aconsiderable impact on West africa and transformed the indigenous music. http://www.interculturalrelations.com/v1i1Winter1997/w97kelly3.htm

What can you do to help in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the United States? Stop the Hate Learn More World Music as a Tool ... Like this site? Ways to help New Issue of The Edge Page Last Modified: 05/19/01 ICR Resources: ICR Store The Edge Ask Experts News ... Send Intercultural E-Cards Paryushana Parva - Aug. 16 Hispanic-Amer. Month - Sept. Rosh Hashanah - Sept. 17 International Day of Peace - September 21 Yom Kippur - Sept. 26 Native American Day (U.S.) - Sept. 28 var t=0; Tell-A-Friend about this site Things Intercultural Can't find it at Amazon? Try... See especially the Intercultural Books The Edge: The E-Journal of Intercultural Relations, Winter 1997, Vol. 1(1) Teaching/Training Resources World Music as a Tool for Teaching Intercultural Communication William Kelly University of New Mexico Take a Moment to Comment At the University of New Mexico, John Condon has emphasized the importance of literature and film as materials for teaching intercultural communication. But music, too, can be used as a teaching tool, and there are many advantages in doing so. Some advantages of using music as a way of introducing other cultures are that music is very immediate and appealing, it gets us away from the tendency to rely too much on words (and translation), and it brings us in contact with the emotional life of the people. If we use music videos, we are also able to show the appearance of people from another culture, including the way they dress and carry themselves, the interaction of musicians, singers, and dancers with each other and with the audience, and the personal style of the performers.

33. Embassy Of Indonesia Ottawa - Indonesian People from Asia who later intermarried with the indigenous people. ln 1000 BC, Particularly in Java, the Wali songo (Islamic preachers) had played a http://www.indonesia-ottawa.org/page.php?s=1000people

34. New Page 4 Natural gas has been discovered at songo songo in southern Tanzania, nickel, coal, This process, through which the indigenous people were turned into a http://www.tptanzania.co.tz/country_body.html

Name United Republic of Tanzania Nationality Tanzanian Data Code TZ Time GMT + 3 Government Type Republic Head of State The President Head of Government The President Government System Parliamentarian Government Headquarters Dodoma Ruling Party Chama Cha Mapinduzi Official Currency Tanzanian Shilling (100Cents = 1 T.Shs) Top LOCATION The United Republic of Tanzania is located in the Eastern African Continent between longitude 290 and 410. East: Latitude 10 and 120 South. AREA Appx. 945,087sq. km . Area comparative: slightly larger than twice the size of California COASTLINE 1,424 km Long ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS Dar-es-Salaam (commercial capital, population(3.3 million-2000 estimates). Dodoma (capital designate 1,052,000). Mwanza 2,280,000). Tanga 1,590,000). Zanzibar Town(254,600), Mbeya 1,790,800). Arusha 1,640,700). Pemba north(167,000) Pemba South(155,000) [figures from 1995 census]. Regions: Moshi, Arusha, Dar-es-Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mafia, Mara, Mbeya, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga and Zanzibar. NEIGHBOURS Tanzania lies along the east coast of Africa bordering with Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

35. AIN Ventas de Casanova in Contramaestre, and La Luz in songoLa Maya. Jimenez explainedthat the province has three indigenous archeological collections, http://www.ain.cu/english/sep0904cmingles.htm

AIN NationalNewsAgency Cuba A Cuba Reiterates Willingness to Contribute to UN Literacy Efforts Havana, Sept 9 (AIN) Cuba has reiterated its willingness to contribute new techniques, programs and expertise to the UN Education, Science and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in the fight against illiteracy facing underdeveloped nations. Deputy Education Minister Francisco Fereira Baez put forth the Cuban initiative at the inaugural session of the 47th UNESCO International Conference in Geneva on Wednesday, which coincided with International Literacy Day, reported Granma daily newspaper. Fereira Baez said that increasing worldwide illiteracy levels have reached a record figure of over 800 million people, 98 percent of whom live in Third World nations. The Cuban deputy minister called on delegates to take part in the First World Literacy Congress scheduled to take place from January 31 to February 4, 2005 in Havana. The event will run parallel to the annual Pedagogy Congress and will be co-sponsored by several international organizations, including UNESCO. Double Standard on Terrorism By Nestor Nuñez AIN Special Service Just a few days away before the third anniversary of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers and the Pentagon, Washington insists on its double standard when it comes to evaluating terrorism.

36. Visit To Pygmies and in songo, the main african language of the nation. It dulls the eyes ofthe people. Somehow, although Central africa is vibrant with the http://www.worldchristians.org/main/visittopygmies.htm

Visit to Pygmies in Central African Republic By Gail Dixon, Horizons, Wales. GLDixon@compuserve.com November, 2001 We have just returned from a trip to Bobele, a Pygmy encampment about two hours into the jungle from the capital city, Bangui. The worship was wonderful. They clapped their hands and swayed rhythmically with the beating drum as they lost themselves in worship and adoration. Every so often one or more would let out a cry of sheer exuberant joy. They had never heard the gospel until Benjamin and his team left the comforts of the city and made their home in the jungle. Read the full report We visited a work led by Benjamin Lessy, a young man from Anatole's church, "Foundation Jerusalem". Benjamin and his family have been living in this area for three years. He began by going to the villages in the area to share his vision to reach the Pygmy people with the gospel. At first he met opposition because the people were of a different tribe to him and because they considered that the Pygmies belonged to them, and they didn't want anyone upsetting the status quo. However, gradually, Benjamin won some converts from the village and some have now

37. Congo (Zaire) Major peoples, Azande, Chokwe, songo, Kongo, Kuba, Lunda, Bembe. Religion,Christian 70%, African religion 20%, Muslim 10%. Climate, Equatorial http://www.zyama.com/Iowa/Countres/Congo (Zaire).htm

Congo (Zaire) Information General Information for Congo (Zaire) Country: Congo (Zaire) Location: Central Africa Independence: June 30, 1960 Nationality: Congolese Capital City: Kinshasa Population: Important Cities: Kisingani, Lubumbashi, Kolwesi Head of State: Lawrence Kabila Area: 2,300,000 sq.km. Type of Government: Republic Currency: 3 millions Z=1 USD Major peoples: Azande, Chokwe, Songo, Kongo, Kuba, Lunda, Bembe Religion: Christian 70%, African religion 20%, Muslim 10% Climate: Equatorial Literacy: Official Language: French Principal Languages: Lingala, Azande, Chokwe, Kongo, Luba Major Exports: Copper, Cobalt, Zinc, Diamonds, Manganese, Gold, Bauxite Pre-Colonial History Post-Colonial History Back to the Museum

38. Kirwin R. Shaffer | Popular Culture And The Teaching Of History: The Modern Cari If the indigenous people die off, they are replaced by waves of forced songo.Island Records, 1988. Merengue and Bachata (Rough Guides), compilation. http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ht/37.3/shaffer.html

Popular Culture and the Teaching of History: The Modern Caribbean History Course Kirwin R. Shaffer THE HISTORY TEACHER frequently struggles to find classroom sources that are not only insightful, but also challenge students to be interpretative and imaginative about the past. As an instructional tool, popular culture can do all of these while reflecting the cultural impulses emanating from a particular country or region. To this end, the Caribbean offers the history teacher ample movies, musical selections, novels, and short stories to help students explore various facets of Caribbean history. This article has two aims: first, to illustrate how teachers of Caribbean history can make popular culture central to unlocking the dynamics of the region's history; and, second, to think about strategies and dilemmas involved in using popular culture as "historical texts" in any history course, not just Caribbean history. William Beezley and Linda A. Curcio-Nagy defined popular culture as a "set of images, practices, and interactions that distinguishes a community and often serves as a synonym for national identity," but which also "encapsulates the pleasure in everyday life." Jack Nachbert and Kevin Lause argued that "popular culture is what most people choose to do most of the time."

39. The Negro, By W.E.B. Du Bois: V. Guinea And Congo If ever a people exhibited unanswerable evidence of indigenous Farther north,among the BaLolo and the Ba-songo, the village policy persisted and the http://www.sacred-texts.com/afr/dbn/dbn07.htm

Sacred Texts Africa Index Previous ... Next p. 36 V GUINEA AND CONGO One of the great cities of the Sudan was Jenne. The chronicle says "that its markets are held every day of the week and its populations are very enormous. Its seven thousand villages are so near to one another that the chief of Jenne has no need of messengers. If he wishes to send a note to Lake Dibo, for instance, it is cried from the gate of the town and repeated from village to village, by which means it reaches its destination almost instantly." From the name of this city we get the modern name Guinea, which is used to-day to designate the country contiguous to the great gulf of that namea territory often referred to in general as West Africa. Here, reaching from the mouth of the Gambia to the mouth of the Niger, is a coast of six hundred miles, where a marvelous drama of world history has been enacted. The coast and its hinterland comprehends many well-known names. First comes ancient Guinea, then, modern Sierra Leone and Liberia; then follow the various "coasts" of ancient trafficthe grain, ivory, gold, and slave coastswith the adjoining territories of Ashanti, Dahomey, Lagos, and Benin, and farther back such tribal and territorial names as those of the Mandingoes, Yorubas, the Mossi, Nupe, Borgu, and others. p. 37

40. FPP - Submission Rep. Of Suriname Compliance With ICCPR - Jan 02 The Rights of indigenous peoples and Maroons in Suriname In Liberia, onAfrica s west coast, the Oriental Timber Co., a subsidiary of an Indonesian http://www.forestpeoples.org/Briefings/Human rights/hrc_supplemental_jan02_eng.h

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