21. The History Of Somalia View information on the history of somalia and other world countries. which contributed to a basic split between the regional interests of the former http://www.factrover.com/history/Somalia_history.html

Home All Countries World Newspapers US Newspapers The History of Somalia Below is a brief history of Somalia. To find information other than history for Somalia then visit the Somalia Country Page Somalia Government Somalia People Somalia Geography ... Somalia Economy Somalia History Early history traces the development of the Somali people to an Arab sultanate, which was founded in the seventh century A.D. by Koreishite immigrants from Yemen. During the 15th and 16th centuries, Portuguese traders landed in present Somali territory and ruled several coastal towns. The sultan of Oman and Zanzibar subsequently took control of these towns and their surrounding territory. Somalia's modern history began in the late l9th century, when various European powers began to trade and establish themselves in the area. The British East India Company's desire for unrestricted harbor facilities led to the conclusion of treaties with the sultan of Tajura as early as 1840. It was not until 1886, however, that the British gained control over northern Somalia through treaties with various Somali chiefs who were guaranteed British protection. British objectives centered on safeguarding trade links to the east and securing local sources of food and provisions for its coaling station in Aden. The boundary between Ethiopia and British Somaliland was established in 1897 through treaty negotiations between British negotiators and King Menelik. During the first two decades of this century, British rule was challenged through persistent attacks led by Mohamed Abdullah. A long series of intermittent engagements and truces ended in 1920 when British warplanes bombed Abdullah's stronghold at Taleex. Although Abdullah was defeated as much by rival Somali factions as by British forces, he was lauded as a popular hero and stands as a major figure of national identity to some Somalis.

22. History Of Somalia Provides a history of somalia from the 7th century to the present time. which contributed to a basic split between the regional interests of the former http://www.historyofnations.net/africa/somalia.html

History of Somalia Site Links Home Search this Site History Posters Africa ... Privacy Policy Early history traces the development of the Somali people to an Arab sultanate, which was founded in the seventh century A.D. by Koreishite immigrants from Yemen. During the 15th and 16th centuries, Portuguese traders landed in present Somali territory and ruled several coastal towns. The sultan of Oman and Zanzibar subsequently took control of these towns and their surrounding territory. Somalia's modern history began in the late l9th century, when various European powers began to trade and establish themselves in the area. The British East India Company's desire for unrestricted harbor facilities led to the conclusion of treaties with the sultan of Tajura as early as 1840. It was not until 1886, however, that the British gained control over northern Somalia through treaties with various Somali chiefs who were guaranteed British protection. British objectives centered on safeguarding trade links to the east and securing local sources of food and provisions for its coaling station in Aden. The boundary between Ethiopia and British Somaliland was established in 1897 through treaty negotiations between British negotiators and King Menelik. During the first two decades of this century, British rule was challenged through persistent attacks led by Mohamed Abdullah. A long series of intermittent engagements and truces ended in 1920 when British warplanes bombed Abdullah's stronghold at Taleex. Although Abdullah was defeated as much by rival Somali factions as by British forces, he was lauded as a popular hero and stands as a major figure of national identity to some Somalis.

23. Chronology Of Digil & Mirifle History Of Somalia Firm evidence for the history of the Somali people dates back to only about 1000 Almost all civil servants, local regional administrators of D M were http://arlaadinet.com/D&MHistory/chronology_of_digil.htm

Early History Digil and Mirifle clans are the descendants of the two sons of Mad Reewin with the Digil being the elder son and the Mirifle the younger son. The Digil settle around the Banadir the Jubba and the Shabelle regions while the descendants of the Mirifle settle around the central and the western portions of the region. The Mirifle is divided into two main groups the sagaal and the siyeed . The Digil are divided into seven clans known as Todobadii Aw Digil These two groups ( ) are socioculturaly and linguistically different from more nomadic groups of the North. Colonial Period The modern political organization of the interriverine area was founded in 1920s as a philanthropic movement under the name of al Jam'iyyah al Khayriyyah al-Wataniyyah. At that time the HDM had 60,871 members and 800,000 supporters. March 1954 when the first municipal elections based on direct male suffrage were held, there were more than 20 parties competing for 281 seats on municipal councils. The HDM won 57 seats in 15 municipalities coming second to the SYL. In 1956 elections four parties won seats; SYL, HDM, SDM and Marehan Union with 43, 13, 3, and 1 seat respectively. However, HDM representing inter-riverine area received not a single ministerial portfolio.

24. On The Wrong Side Of History In Somalia On the wrong side of history in somalia. July 8, 1999 In addition, Eritreahas helped to crush the planned regional administration of Jubbaland, http://www.geocities.com/~dagmawi/NewsJuly99/July8_Somalia.html

Commentary: On the wrong side of history in Somalia July 8, 1999 In its eagerness to cause damage to Ethiopia, Eritrea has poured a substantial amount of weaponry and sent its military trainers into Somalia. This intervention is going to backfire and Eritrea will only earn itself a new set of enemies for its efforts. Eritrea’s efforts are counterproductive because it has allied itself with the two Mogadishu warlords (Hussein Aideed Jr. and Ali Mahdi Mohammed) that are widely regarded as the main obstacles to peace in Somalia. A recent laughable article in the Eritrean government-owned paper “Eritrea Profile” quoted extensively from Aideed and gave the impression that he headed the national leadership of Somalia. But the reality is quite different. To review, there are three main political forces in Somalia: 1. The Islamists: – The Islamists are pan-Somali. Their goal is an Islamic republic in Somalia. However, they have gradually lost their main bases in Somalia, and now control only limited areas. 2. The Mogadishu-Centered Warlords: -

25. History Of Somalia: Information From Answers.com history of somalia Early history The original settlers of the Somali region were The regime pledged continuance of regional détente in its foreign http://www.answers.com/topic/history-of-somalia

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping History of Somalia Wikipedia History of Somalia Early History The original settlers of the Somali region were ethnic Cushites from the fertile lakes of southern Ethiopia . This group is sub-divided into a number of other ethnicities, which are still readily recognized (and fought over) today. Archeological evidence supports the idea that most of the coastline of present day Somalia had been settled by AD 100. G.W.B. Huntingford has argued in his translation of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea , written about this time, that the "Lesser and Greater Bluffs", the "Lesser and Greater Strands", and the "Seven Courses" of Azania all should be identified with the Somali coastline from Hafun south to Siyu Channel . This indicate that parts of Somalia were familiar to Roman and Indian traders by this time. These early villages put the Somalis in contact with Arab traders travelling along the Red Sea and Indian Ocean . In the ensuing centuries, the Somalis were one of the first peoples to convert to

26. Somalia - History And Politics According to another source based in northern oral history, the Somali are a ability/merit as opposed to accommodating clan and regional balances. http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Somalia/Politics.html

Geographic Map General Information Geography Natural resources ... SOMALIA History and Politics (Updated: March 2005) Introduction The Somali Republic is the easternmost extension of the African continent and is bordered by Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. The Somali are one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. More than eight million Somalis live in a territory stretching north from northern Kenya to Djibouti and west from the Indian Ocean to the Ogaden in Ethiopia. Although Somalis are often seen as one of the few ethnic groups that define a nation, the country of Somalia does contain small enclaves of other groups. The Somalis speak the Somali language and are Sunni Muslims. By the end of the 19th century years of treaties had partitioned the Somali home territory into the British Somaliland Protectorate, French Somaliland, Italian Somalia, northern Kenya and the Ogaden in Ethiopia. A total of 60% of the population of Somalia, concentrated primarily in the north, is nomadic. The southern region between the Juba and the Shabeelle rivers is the main area where settled agriculture is practised. Because only 13% of the land is arable, there is intense pressure on available pasture and water. Somalis are divided into six major clan-families, the Daarood, Isaaq, Hawiye, Dir, Digil and Rahanwayn; each of which comprises numerous sub-families and lineages. The Isaaq and the Daarood are predominantly pastoralist, while the Southern clans (mainly Hawiye and Rahanwayn), have long mixed herding with peasant farming. Pastoralists have faced grave problems in environmental degradation of the grain lands in the north since the 1980s.

27. UNESCO - PEER - Regional Programme Of Education For Emergencies, Communication A The Fifth Quarterly Workshop for the somalia Civic Education Project took place in The Conference on the history of Burundi Research, Pedagogics and http://www.unesco.org/cpp/uk/news/peer.htm

Home News and Events Projects Links ... UNESCO Prizes U NESCO P EER Regional Programme of Education for Emergencies, Communication and Culture of Peace The Following information is reprinted from the UNESCO PEER Newsletter: January - June 1999 C ulture of P eace N etwork UNESCO PEER has launched an initiative for the constitution of a Regional Culture of Peace Network (CPN) in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa. The underlying principle is that modalities and mechanisms of implementation of a culture of peace or conflict resolution are to be reinforced at three levels: decision-makers, intellectuals, grassroots organizations and communities. CPN's purpose is threefold: To develop a common understanding and vision for the culture of peace networks in the Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes Region. To promote mutually empowering relationships and strategies for action. To provide an information databank, act as an information clearing house for the network and to develop a directory and website. The first CPN meeting took place in Nairobi on 12 April 1999 and comprised 20 local NGOs involved in various activities in Kenya ranging from conflict resolution to peace education, the promotion of inter-religious dialogue and gender issues.

28. The Social History Of Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya (Somalia) The social history of Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya (somalia) somalia A healthsystem in crisis UN Integrated regional Information Network, http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/33/index-ee.html

The social history of Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya (Somalia) Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives The history in general of Somalia Somalis find home, hope in Minnesota lifestyle: Three of every five immigrants from impoverished nation life here, far from clan warfare (excerpt) By Chris Tomlinson, Los Angeles Times (Bulldog Edition), Sunday 30 November 1997. The excerpt has to do with the problem of female circumcision in an situation where it is illegal. UNICEF Warns of Impending Danger in Somalia Somalia: A health system in crisis UN Integrated Regional Information Network, 20 December 2000. The collapse of the health system in Mogadishu since the Civil War broke out in 1991. Replacement of old facilities by unregulated private ones. Increased disease in Somalia resulted from collapse of the state institution. More Killed in Inter-Clan Fighting UN Integrated Regional Information Network, 10 July 2001. Over a dozen people were killed in inter-clan fighting in the Middle Shabelle Region, south-central Somalia, between the two Abgal sub-clans of Kabale and Abdulle Galmah. Fighting was over water wells and grazing land. Women Slowly Making Political Inroads UN Integrated Regional Information Networks, analysis, 14 July 2003. In the past, Somali women have not had a significant role in politics, but there are now signs that the trend is slowly changing. Women from privileged groups which have been able to spend time abroad during the 13-year civil war.

29. The Contemporary Political History Of Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya (Somalia) The contemporary political history of Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya (somalia) Interview With Newly Elected President Hassan UN Integrated regional http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/33/index-eb.html

The contemporary political history of Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya (Somalia) Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives The history in general of Somalia The history of World War III in Somalia Declaration by Somali Political Movements and Traditional Community Leaders ... The World Bank/IMF Structural Adjustment Programs and the Somali Crisis By Julius O. Ihonvbere. A paper presented on 19 November 1994. Death of Saidi Barre By Emmanuel K. Twesigye, 2 January 1995. Barre seems to have been the only person who could ever unify and hold his feuding cow boys together! Somalia was better off under his dictatorship than the political anarchy, bloodshed and starvation following his overthrow. United Nations World Food Programme; Somalia Backgrounder 21 February 1995. WFP has had some success since famine of 1991/92. By Walter Clarke, US Foreign Service, ret., 7 December 1995. According to the most recent Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) report on Somalia (29 November), there are more than one million Somalis who remain dependent on emergency food aid. Disagrees with recent articles by Harold Marcus and Frank Crigler. It was unfortunate that the failure of the Somali state brought foreign intervention. The only people who can legitimately save Somalia are the Somali people. Ali Mahadi accuses Sudan of interference into Somali internal affairs Sudan News

30. The Country & People Of Somalia Arab Countries Arab World Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information . About somalia * Business * Culture * Education * history * Media http://www.hejleh.com/countries/somalia.html

Special Arab Files This page contains links to sites in Somalia and Somalia related sites. For Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information visit Arab Countries Web hejleh.com Somalia, History In 1969 a coup led by Maj. Gen. Muhammad Siyad Barre resulted in a socialist state. In 1977 the corrupt and repressive regime broke with the USSR over Soviet aid to Ethiopia and received aid during the 1980s from the U.S. The Somali army invaded the Ogaden region in 1977 but was defeated (1978) by Ethiopian forces; skirmishes continued into the early 1980s. Barre was ousted (1991) by rebels after intense and bloody fighting. The Somali National Movement gained control of the north, the old British Somaliland, and proclaimed it the Somaliland Republic. The north remained relatively peaceful, although clan-based fighting has occurred. In Mogadishu and most of the south the United Somali Congress achieved control, but savage warfare erupted between rival subclans. Almost a quarter of the population faced starvation because of the fighting. UN food supplies and peacekeepers arrived in 1992 and were soon joined by troops from the U.S. and other nations to assure distribution of food aid. A national cease-fire was signed, but no central government was formed. Fighting again erupted (1993) in Mogadishu as the UN unsuccessfully attempted to arrest Gen. Mohammed Farah Aidid. The U.S. and other nations withdrew their troops in 1994 and the last UN forces were withdrawn in 1995. That year some factions again proclaimed Aidid president, but the country remained divided into spheres of influence with no central government. Aidid died from battle wounds in 1996, and his faction chose his son, former U.S. Marine Hussein Mohammed Farah, to succeed him.

31. Air Power:Regional Military Actions A second aircraft supporting operations in somalia was lost on March 15, 1994when its Beyond the Wild Blue A history of the US Air Force 19471997. http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Air_Power/regional/AP43.htm

The F-111 Aardvark was used in Operation Eldorado Canyon, the 1986 attack on Libya in retaliation for Muammar Qaddafi's sponsorship of international terrorism that included a bombing at a Berlin disco that killed U.S. servicemen. Pave Tack is a laser designator pod used with selected F-4E, RF-4C, and F-111 aircraft for precision navigation, target location and target designation. It was used on four F-111s that destroyed targets in Libya in 1986. Aerial view of the Pacora River Bridge from the north. This January 4,1990 photograph shows the site where a team from the U.S. 7th Special Forces Group ambushed a Panamanian Defense Force convoy moving towards Panama City from Fort Cimarron to oppose the parachute assaults. The Lockheed AC-130H has participated in many notable combat operations since the end of the Vietnam War including the attempted rescue of the crew of the USS Mayaguez in 1975, the Grenada operation in October 1983, Operation Just Cause in Panama (1989-1990), Operation Desert Storm in Iraq (1991), Operation Restore Hope in Somalia (1993-1994), and Operation Deliberate Force in Bosnia (1995). On January 31, 1991, the first AC-130H was lost in combat supporting coalition forces engaged in ground combat during the battle of Khafji in Operation Desert Storm. A second aircraft supporting operations in Somalia was lost on March 15, 1994 when its 105-mm cannon exploded while the aircraft was airborne. Regional Military Actions A much-feared World War III never came to pass in the 20th century. In fact, the Cold War ended in 1989 with the thud of the falling Berlin Wall and the colossal statues of Lenin rather than with nuclear bombs. Instead, many regional wars broke out both during and after the Cold War, caused by centuries of ethnic and religious conflict that had been held in check by colonization and occupation. There were military operations overseen by supranational organizations, such as the United Nations or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which enforced treaties or helped with humanitarian activities. The world looked to the United States, as one of the two superpowers, to lead the way in these conflicts, a position that did not always make it happy.

32. Somalia - MavicaNET Path to the top. regional Africa Current category Somali history English URL http//home.vicnet.net.au/~somalia/history.htm http://www.mavicanet.com/directory/eng/10131.html

selCatSelAlt="Deselect category"; selCatDesAlt="Select category"; selSitSelAlt="Deselect site"; selSitDesAlt="Select site"; MavicaNET - Multilingual Search Catalog MavicaNet Lite - Light version Catalog Belarusian Bulgarian Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian (cyr.) Serbian (lat.) Slovak Spanish Swedish Turkish Ukrainian Regional Africa Somalia Somalijska Demokratska Republika. Sites Sister categories ... African Cultures Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Congo, Democratic Republic of Djibouti Economy: Africa Education: Africa Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Geography: Africa Ghana Guinea (Conakry) Guinea Bissau History of Africa Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mass Media: Africa Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Museums and Exhibitions: Afric... Namibia Nature Reserves and National P... Niger Nigeria Politics: Africa Reunion Rwanda Saint Helena Sao Tome and Principe Search Systems: Africa Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Technology: Africa Togo Transportation: Africa Travel: Africa Tunisia Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Cultures of Somalia History of Somalia See also Technology / General Questions of Technology / Accidents and Emergency Elimination / Disasters / Tsunami / Asian Tsunami (2004) Sites No filters selected ...

33. SOMALIA IN NET Sotas Somali Teachers Association. regional Int. NEWS. Jeune Afrique Africa Daily history somalia history Sport somalia National Olympic Committee http://www.italosomali.org/Somnet.htm

SOMALIA IN NET Government Information Somalia Official Site (Arta) Regional BANADIR BRAVANET GEDO HIIRAAN ... SOMALILANDNET Somali City Laascaanood Hargeisa Qandala Merca ... Janaale News, Newspapers Africa News Service Ayaamaha BBC Somali Service Himilo ... Somaliweyn Culture Music of the Horn Africa Somali Songs Waaberi Somali Cultural Page General Information Somalia at ArabNet Library of Congress - Somalia CIA World Factbook Somalia Somalia Country Profile (GHIE) ... ACG Cybergetaway TV-Cinema Somali Television N. Somali Film HornAfrik Online Ricordi Somalianonsolo All of all Abaaji Arlaadinet Codka Somali Galbeed Dayniil ... One World Radio BBC Radio Somali Radio (USA) Somali Radio (SW) Somali music ... Focus on Africa Business AirSomalia Daallo Airlines Galkacayo Telekom Corp. Satec ... Somali fisheries Science, Students Somali University Somali Students and Academics Association Sweden Somali Students Association and Academics in Holland Somali Students Association in the Netherlands ... Legacy Magazine Immages Somali stamps Map of Somalia Somali banknotes,stamps,coins

34. Keywords Driving Traffic To Sites In The Regional / Africa Category Discover what popular keywords drive search engine traffic to web sites in theRegional / Africa category. somalia history, 219 http://www.keyworddiscovery.com/directory/Regional/Africa.html

Directory Density Stats Subscribe ... Africa Loading... These are the top searches driving traffic to sites in this category. Results: 1,000 Page: Query Searches Volume zimbabwe aviation africa aircraft africa usembassy.state.gov.accra ... nigerian embassy Note: The demo is limited to the top 10 search terms. Subscribed users can display up to 1000 results per category. Users with keyword subscriptions can manage multiple projects, unsubsribed users are limited to 1 project. Project Size default load delete export ... Save As You need to login to use projects google_ad_client = "pub-0617382008453614"; google_alternate_ad_url = "http://www.keyworddiscovery.com/ads.html"; google_ad_width = 160; google_ad_height = 600; google_ad_format = "160x600_as"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_ad_channel ="6488191090"; google_color_border = "FFFFFF"; google_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; google_color_link = "993300"; google_color_url = "0000FF"; google_color_text = "003399"; About Customer Support Contact Us Forum ... Affiliate Program

35. Keywords Driving Traffic To Sites In The Regional / Africa / Somalia Category Discover what popular keywords drive search engine traffic to web sites in theRegional / Africa / somalia category. somalia history, 219 http://www.keyworddiscovery.com/directory/Regional/Africa/Somalia.html

Directory Density Stats Subscribe ... Somalia Loading... These are the top searches driving traffic to sites in this category. Results: 128 Page: Query Searches Volume swaziland european map thailand israel map ... benin Note: The demo is limited to the top 10 search terms. Subscribed users can display up to 1000 results per category. Users with keyword subscriptions can manage multiple projects, unsubsribed users are limited to 1 project. Project Size default load delete export ... Save As You need to login to use projects google_ad_client = "pub-0617382008453614"; google_alternate_ad_url = "http://www.keyworddiscovery.com/ads.html"; google_ad_width = 160; google_ad_height = 600; google_ad_format = "160x600_as"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_ad_channel ="6488191090"; google_color_border = "FFFFFF"; google_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; google_color_link = "993300"; google_color_url = "0000FF"; google_color_text = "003399"; About Customer Support Contact Us Forum ... Affiliate Program

36. Facts About POW/MIA Benefits & History Total, WWI, WWII, Korea, Vietnam, Gulf, somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo POW coordinatorsare assigned to each VA regional office and medical center and are http://www1.va.gov/visns/visn03/powmia.asp

click here to skip navigation VISN3 Home Awards Clinical Programs ... Women Veterans DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS Office of Media Relations Washington, D.C. 20420 Fact Sheet VA Benefits for Former Prisoners Of War Former American POWs are eligible for special veterans benefits, including medical care in VA hospitals and disability compensation for injuries and diseases associated with internment. These benefits are in addition to regular veterans benefits and services to which they, as veterans, are entitled. More than a fourth of the Americans held prisoner in the last five U.S. conflicts are now living. Records show that 142,233 Americans were captured and interned during World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the Somalia and Kosovo conflicts. This includes 81 women seized on Guam or in the Philippines during World War II, and two during the Gulf War. Of that total, an estimated 42,781 were living as of Jan. 1, 2002. This includes 39,719 from World War II, 2,434 from the Korean War, 601 from the Vietnam War, 23 from the Gulf War, one from Somalia and three from the Kosovo Conflict. American Prisoners Of War Total WWI WWII Korea Vietnam Gulf Somalia Bosnia Kosovo Returned to U.S. Military Control

37. History Of SOMALIA history of somalia from historyWorld.net including Between Arabia and Ethiopia, clanbased and regional, are formed in and around somalia with the http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad20

38. Somalia Find websites related to somalia. Home regional Africa somalia covering the economy, geography, history, society and government of the country. http://www.joeant.com/DIR/cat/10915/Somalia

Somalia Add URL Become an Editor Login Home ... Africa > Somalia Subcategories Related Categories Sponsored Sites Dig!! 1 - of A C D E G M S V Somalia: A Country Study Info. Information from the Library of Congress covering the economy, geography, history, society and government of the country. lcweb2.loc.gov Reviewed by: A C D E G M S V SomaliNet Info. Information about Somalia and the Somali diaspora; includes current news in English from major Western news agencies. www.somalinet.com Reviewed by: netlibrarian Become an Editor Add URL About Us Terms of Service

39. SOMALIA NATIONAL PEACE CONFERENCE > of international and regional organizations in which somalia is a member hold the nation s most sacred monument, artifacts of its history, http://www.banadir.com/whatisthere.htm

PEACE PLAN SOMALIA NATIONAL PEACE CONFERENCE DJIBOUTI, 20 APRIL - 5 MAY 2000 Somalia's Challenges The period of decline as a nation and people has its roots in the decade of the 1980s, which witnessed a rapid decay in the fabric of Somalia society. Clan identity become either a passport for survival or a stigma for violence and abuse. Somalia was literally transformed into a stateless landmass where political, economic or human rights could only be assured by clan affiliation. Life became a living hell for selected clans or regions as hostilities were initiated against them, between them, or the innocent population. Trust among the Somalis reached its lowest ebb, and fear, anxiety and contrived hatred fed the insecurity of daily lives .Such instability, we all knew, could not remain, and expectations for change intensified during the latter half of 1990. Change did indeed occur. Unfortunately, none of the high hopes and optimism associated with that much-awaited change materialized . What followed was and continues to be the most harrowing, traumatizing and destructive experience in Somalia's history. Somalia plunged into a crisis of exceptional complexity in 1991, resulting in a collapse of the state and all organs of government, following "a devastating famine and brutal multi-sized civil war, which, collectively, claimed the lives of more than 300,000 people."

40. TRAVEL.com ® RegionalAfricaSomalia Top regional Africa somalia Somali news, history, articles and webdirectory. SomaliNet somalinet.com somalia s gateway to Internet. http://www.travel.com/Regional/Africa/Somalia/

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 100    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20