41. Ilo East african region (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Somalia) Director Mr. Ali Ibrahim indigenous peoples of South africa current trends http://www.unic.undp.org/ILO.htm

Director General: Mr. Juan Sumavia Area Office: ILO Area Office for the East African region (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Somalia) Director: Mr. Ali Ibrahim Plot 2410/5, along Sea View Road (Upanga), P. O. Box 9212, Dar es Salaam,Tanzania. Telephone: +255-22-2126631-Director General Lines: Fax: E-mail: daressalaam@ilo.org Global Web Site: http://www.ilo.org ILO Mandate Strategic Objectives Major Functions ... Projects/Programme Areas Project to promote ILO policy on Indigenous and Tribal peoples(INT/00/M01/DAN) Jobs For Africa (JFA) Promoting Linkages between Women's Employment and Reduction of Child Labour Strengthening Labour Relations in east Africa (SLAREA ... Solid Waste Management (SWM) ILO MANDATE The International Labour Organization is the specialised agency of the United Nations which seeks the promotion of social justice and internationally recognised human and labour rights. It was founded in 1919 and is the only surviving major creation of the Treaty of Versailles which brought the League of Nations into being and it became the first specialised agency of the UN in 1946.

42. UNL Department Of Anthropology And Geography - Robert K. Hitchcock Dr. Hitchcock has conducted fieldwork in three main areas in africa among the International Human Rights, The Environment, and indigenous peoples. http://www.unl.edu/anthro/afaculty/hitchcock.htm

Dr. Robert K. Hitchcock Vice Chair, Department of Anthropology and Geography Professor of Anthropology Ph.D. University of New Mexico, 1982 Office: 810 E Oldfather Hall Email: rkh@unl.edu Phone: (402) 472-2480 Fax: (402) 472-9642 Subfields: Human ecology, applied/developmental anthropology Major Research Interests: Human ecology (arid and semi-arid ecosystems), international development, settlement and resettlement, human rights of indigenous peoples, community-based natural resource management Dr. Hitchcock has conducted fieldwork in three main areas in Africa: among the Tyua and Kua Bushman (Basarwa, San) of the east-central Kalahari Desert region of the Republic of Botswana, Somali and Oromo refugees in Somalia, and Swazi women's groups and traditional leaders in Swaziland. He has also carried out ethnographic and archaeological research among African populations in Zimbabwe and Namibia and Native American populations in California, the Southwest, the Northwest Coast, the Great Plains, and Hawaii. He has been involved in the implementation of large-scale rural development projects in Botswana, Somalia, and Swaziland and has done monitoring and evaluation of development programs in Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Zambia. His work has sought to present theoretically robust assessments of development project impacts on the well-being of rural poor people, especially hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, small farmers, and rural women. The conclusions reached as a result of these analyses are incorporated into policy papers and publications for governments, international development organizations, non-government organizations, and local communities.

43. OneWorld Radio Africa - related topics / regions Somalia East africa africa science media knowledge internet freedom of indigenous peoples funders. 09.07.2002 http://radioafrica.oneworld.net/article/archive/5278/

OneWorld Radio Africa Audio exchange Our community News and events Training ... Feedback Search for by audio by members by content Advanced search for audio members content username password Forgotten your password? Join OneWorld Radio Why join? OneWorld Radio... by language english français español português ... romani by region South East Europe by topic HIV/AIDS Print version You are here: RadioAfricaHome indigenous rights Audio exchange listen / download ... text Part of the OneWorld network indigenous rights The International Day for the Elimination of Racism March 21 is the anniversary of the racially motivated massacre of peaceful demonstrators against apartheid in Sharpeville, South Africa in 1960. To mark this date, the UN declared March 21 as the International Day for the Elimination of Racism . Listen to a feature by ABC Ulwazi in South Africa on this day. click here to listen/download image stop racism logo related topics / regions [Southern Africa] [Africa] [justice / crime] [globalisation] ... ZCCP Launches 'KWATU' The Zambia Centre for Communication Programmes(ZCCP) , a strategic partner of Soul City, has launched the 'KWATU' multi media initiative in Zambia.

44. Human Rights Internet - The Human Rights Databank In UNsponsored meetings, representatives of indigenous peoples and many somali - 2 million outside somalia, (Ethiopia, somalia, Kenya, Djibouti) P http://www.hri.ca/doccentre/docs/handbook97/tribal.shtml

Global Search Organizations Job Board Tribune ... E-Doc Center Minorities; Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Who are indigenous? No general, universal agreement defines indigenous peoples. This observation is stated in many forms, in relevant UN commissions and working groups, as well as in the World Bank's Operational Directive on Indigenous Peoples. Most countries currently seeking to address indigenous issues do so within the context of their national constitution, and according to their reading of history, rather than as an issue of universal character. In UN-sponsored meetings, representatives of indigenous peoples and many governments have expressed the view that a definition of the concept of indigenous peoples is not necessary at the intenational level, although such definitions may be advisable and necessary at the national level. In addition, indigenous peoples have questioned the need for a universal definition of the concept of "indigenous peoples:" "peoples"

45. Funds Besides the empowerment of indigenous peoples organizations GRIP focusses on the Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South africa, Sudan, Swaziland, http://www.nciv.net/engels/funds.htm

NCIV Funds GRIP E xamples GRIP Criteria Limitations ... Who are we NCIV Funds Fundraising IIFB IWBN WSSD ... News Grants for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: GRIP Download GRIP informationt For GRIP project proposals see: format for project proposal One of the main activities of NCIV is the administration of the Grants for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (GRIP). With GRIP NCIV seeks to increase financial support to small-scale initiatives coming from organizations of indigenous peoples in order to promote, at the local level, the recognition and implementation of their rights. Besides the empowerment of indigenous peoples organizations GRIP focusses on the following articles of the United Nations Draft Declaration on the Rights of indigenous peoples: article 6: the right to peace article 12: right to culture article 19: right to consultation article 26: land and resource rights article 29: intellectual property rights article 43: indigenous women's rights and the protection of indigenous knowledge, innovations and practices as stated in Article 8(j) of the Convention on Biological Diversity

46. THE HORN OF AFRICA - Democratic Elbow Room DEVELOPMENT AND PEOPLE OF THE HORN OF africa by John Prendergast. Campaigns for indigenous peoples in the Horn such as the Nuba of Sudan and others. http://www.newint.org/issue238/elbow.htm

new internationalist issue 238 - December 1992 NANA RIEMERS / STILL PICTURES Democratic elbow room Paulos Tesfagiorgis argues that no development strategy in the Horn can work unless it expands people’s basic rights. While war and famine capture the headlines, one major cause of the suffering afflicting the Horn of Africa is much less visible. This is a fundamental lack of respect by our political leaders for their own people. The flagrant abuse of basic rights has left our citizenry so paralysed by hopelessness that many are unable to take care of themselves. People are insecure - fearful that the authorities will arrest them, seize their land, resettle them against their will, increase their taxes or lower their crop prices. The result is a creeping apathy - why bother planting or taking proper care of land and animals? The violation of human rights is central to the failure of development in our part of Africa. The people of the Horn have much in common. Across every border live people who are kith and kin; people with similar cultural roots who have been trading partners for centuries. They have all (save for the people of Djibouti) suffered recent misfortunes at the hands of authoritarian military rulers. These dictators made a mockery of freedom of expression - muzzling the press and creating obedient one-party states. Newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations were government- owned and run by the ministries of ‘National Guidance’. No opposition was tolerated - political imprisonment, forced confession and disappearances were commonplace. Independent organizations - from universities to peasant associations - could have served as the embryo of a civil society. Instead they were put under strict government control or just eliminated.

47. Kakuma-Turkana: Africa's Forgotten Peoples - Reviews And Articles to go to wartorn parts of africa and document the anguish and despair of its people. indigenous regions, like America’s Native Indian reservations, http://pangaea.org/kakuma_turkana/reviews.htm

P A N G A E A Kakuma-Turkana T his book has touched the hearts of many with divergent backgrounds from around the world and across social, political, religious and economic backgrounds. It is a tribute to those portrayed here, both the refugees at Kakuma Camp and the indigenous peoples of Turkana. FROM THE DUST JACKET Daniel’s photographs bring awareness to an enormous suffering, sustained in dignity by these amazing people. I pray his passion influences a new generation to demand social and political change. OLIVER STONE is an Academy Award-winning filmmaker who has garnered critical acclaim for his wide-ranging films of social commentary. He first met Dan in August 2000 at Kakuma Refugee Camp. From a personal level, I am drawn to Danny’s work as our family lived in Kenya while I was a young girl and its people hold a special place in my heart. Danny’s photographs stand alone, however, and tell an important story. His powerful images bridge us as humans. The depth of the pictures pushes us beyond the expected differences and transports us to the unexpected—-to our very humanness. ANN BANCROFT is a polar explorer, Bancroft-Arneson Expedition - Antarctica, American Women’s Expedition to Antarctica and Steger International Expedition to the North Pole—the first woman in history to cross the ice to the North and South Poles. The Ann Bancroft Foundation works to help girls and women realize their highest dreams and potential.

48. PONSACS In self defense, indigenous peoples struggle for cultural survival, peoples who live in northeastern africa (the Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia and Somalia) and http://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/ponsacs/seminars/Synopses/s95maybu.htm

Seminar Synopses Spring 1995 CULTURAL SURVIVAL, ETHICS, AND POLITICAL EXPEDIENCY: THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF GROUP RIGHTS David Maybury-Lewis February 16, 1995 So Cultural Survival found itself from the beginning doing research on alternative development, on indigenous rights and how to protect them, and on the prospects for multi-ethnic societies. We sought to demonstrate that indigenous peoples do not die off naturally in the course of modernization, but are killed off brutally by civilization. We set out to show that this was unnecessary as well as immoral and that there were viable alternative policies that would protect indigenous rights while permitting development. Cultural Survival focuses on indigenous peoples, but this leads inevitably to a wider study of indigenous peoples, ethnic groups, and the state, for these issues are inextricably intertwined. The research, furthermore, has to be broadly comparative, for indigenous peoples are found worldwide and in numbers that are not as insignificant as is sometime supposed. There are some 200-300 million indigenous people in the world, depending on how they are counted and defined, and indigenous issues occur on every continent.

49. An A-Z Of African Studies On The Internet Nr3 Iftiin Publishers (languages, history, religion of somali people) indigenous publishing in africa An overview of accelerated training and research, http://www.lib.msu.edu/limb/a-z/az_nr3.html

An A-Z of African Studies on the Internet Part N-R3 Publishers-Refugees Back to: A-Z of African Studies comprehensive lists] http://www.hanszell.co.uk/aplink.htm http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/publish.html http://www.library.vanderbilt.edu/law/acqs/ Academy Science Publishers http://www.oneworld.org/aas/ Adalens Antikvariat (Sweden) antiquarian http://www.angelfire.com/pa/AdalensAntikvariat/afrika.html Adam Matthew Publications (microfilm collections, African studies) http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/ Adams Bookshop (University of Natal, Durban) http://durbanet.aztec.co.za/adamsbooks/index.htm Africa Book Centre (London) online catyalogue www.africabookcentre.com Africa Institute of South Africa (Pretoria) http://www.ai.org.za/ Africa World Press and The Red Sea Press http://www.africanworld.com AfricaWPress@nyo.com African Academy of Sciences asp@arcc.or.ke

50. The Magazine Of The ILO: WORLD OF WORK No. 40 - Indigenous And Tribal Peoples An 40 indigenous and Tribal peoples and the ILO - Department of Communication. horn of africa through Eritrea and Somalia down to the highlands of Kenya. http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/inf/magazine/40/tribal.htm

Communication Archived articles WORLD OF WORK No. 40, August 2001 Convention No. 169: 10 years after? Indigenous and Tribal Peoples and the ILO This year marks the 10 th anniversary of one of the most significant attempts ever made to come to grips with the problems and prospects of the world's estimated 300 million indigenous and tribal peoples. In 1991, the ILO's Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No.169) came into force. This series of articles looks at selected groups of indigenous and tribal peoples on four continents, and considers how they have fared in the past decade They are the peoples whose residence on the land dates back to time immemorial, or they are those whose cultures and lifestyles take them outside the mainstream of national development. From the Arctic Circle to Latin America, Africa and Asia, an estimated 300 million indigenous and tribal peoples today live in over 70 countries worldwide. They are often among the most vulnerable and marginalized people in those countries. Economic and social exclusion have shunted them to the lowest rung of the health, work and societal ladder or exposed them to inordinate suffering in times of natural disaster and war. For them, development, when it is undertaken without consideration of their specific cultures, languages and traditions, is inappropriate to their needs and priorities, and in some cases constitutes a threat, displacing them from their traditional lands and cutting vital economic, spiritual and cultural links.

51. MOST Ethno-Net Publication: Anthropology Of Africa the incorporation of the various indigenous African peoples into modern states, Even where people think that countries like Somalia and Lesotho are http://www.ethnonet-africa.org/pubs/p95modo.htm

MOST ETHNO-NET AFRICA PUBLICATIONS Anthropology of Africa and the Challenges of the Third Millennium - Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts, PAAA / APA, 1999 An Anthropologist’s View of Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts in Africa I.V.O. Modo Department of Social Anthropology/Sociology National University of Lesotho P.O. Roma 180 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Ethnicity denotes an extreme consciousness of and loyalty to a particular linguistic and cultural group unidentified with any other group (Udoh 1998:38). Such groups usually possess myth of origin, traceable to an epical ancestor or ancestress. With a strong ruling house such ethnic groups like the Yoruba, Edo, Fante were able to organize themselves into Empire or Kingdoms, conquering and incorporating other lesser ethnic groups as vassals. With the coming of colonial masters, treaties were signed with such kingdoms wherever they existed; especially during the 17th and 18th centuries (Bradbury et al 1965; Igbafe 1972). Origin of ethnicity in Africa Ethnicity in post-colonial Africa is principally a response to the new social structure the indigenous people found themselves in during the colonial era and at independence. The cultural upbringing is seriously at variance with the social processes of the modern era. Bohannan (1957) speaks of the philosophy of limited good among the Tiv of Nigeria. All goods are communally owned and so the possession of a good by one person is the loss of that good by another. This concept is applicable to every tribe in most circumstances. Ethnic discrimination has its root in the favouritism shown to kin group members as could be seen from the principle of segmentary opposition among the Tiv of Nigeria (Bohannan 1969) or Nuer of Southern Sudan (Evans-Pritchard 1940).

52. Human Rights Bibliography: Genocide, Ethnocide, Ecocide, With Special Reference africa Watch (1990) Somalia A Government at War With Its Own People. In Dams, indigenous peoples, and Ethnic Minorities, Marcus Colchester, ed. http://www.aaanet.org/committees/cfhr/bib_hitchcock_genocide.htm

Academic Relations Ethics Government Relations Public Policy ... Minority Issues E-mail address: Password: Forgot password? Need help? Press Room Members in the News ... Section Assembly Max Rows: Go to AAA Home Genocide, Ethnocide, Ecocide, with Special Reference to Indigenous Peoples: A Bibliography Robert K. Hitchcock Department of Anthropology and Geography University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE 68588-0368 rhitchco@unlnotes.unl.edu Adalian, Rouben (1991) The Armenian Genocide: Context and Legacy. Social Education Adalian, Rouben (1997) The Armenian Genocide. In Century of Genocide: Eyewitness Accounts and Critical Views , Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons and Israel W. Charny eds. Pp. 41-77. New York and London: Garland Publishing Inc. Adams, David Wallace (1995) Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience 1875-1928 . Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. Africa Watch (1989) Zimbabwe, A Break with the Past? Human Rights and Political Unity

53. The World Sustainability Hearing: Daily Schedule 2002 Keynote and indigenous peoples Participation in Forest Policy DecisionMaking Horn of africa Relief and Development Organization Somalia http://www.earthisland.org/wosh/schedule2002.cfm

Final Hearing Schedule: T he following individuals (listed in alphabetical order) confirmed their intention to participate at the World Sustainability Hearing, a parallel event to the U.N. World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa. The Hearing took place in conjunction with the People's Earth Summit at St. Stithians College [ www.stithian.com ] from Monday, August 26 through Saturday, August 31, 2002, with a Presentation of Hearing Findings to the World Summit at a press conference on Sunday, September 1 by Dr. Vandana Shiva. St. Stithians is located 4 miles and 10-15 minutes by car or bus from the Sandton Convention Center where the UN Summit was held. Mon. Aug. 26, 2002 Day of Energy and Climate Justice Tue. Aug. 27, 2002 Day of the Forests, Indigenous and Forest-dependent Peoples Wed. Aug. 28, 2002 Day of Oceans, Lakes, Waterways, and Fisher People Thu. Aug. 29, 2002

54. Adherents.com: By Location SIM has been reaching out to somali people for more than 60 years. During that time, missionaries african indigenous churches, South africa, 1000000 http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_299.html

Adherents.com - Religion by Location Over 42,000 religious geography and religion statistics citations (membership statistics for over 4,000 different religions, denominations, tribes, etc.) for every country in the world. To Index back to Solomon Islands, Islam Solomon Islands, continued... Group Where Number of Adherents % of total pop. Number of congreg./ churches/ units Number of countries Year Source Quote/ Notes Jehovah's Witnesses Solomon Islands units The Orwellian World of Jehovah's Witnesses . Toronto: University of Toronto Press (1984), pg. 53-59. Table: "1983 Service Year Report of JWs Worldwide "; Adherent count here is from "1983 Peak Publishers " column Jehovah's Witnesses Solomon Islands units *LINK* official organization web site Adherent/member count is for "1997 Peak Witnesses "; Memorial attendance (annual sacrament meeting) for same year: 5,442. Jehovah's Witnesses Solomon Islands units *LINK* Jehovah's Witnesses official web site; section: "Statistics "; web page: "Worldwide Report " (viewed 16 April 1999). Table: "1998 Report of Jehovah's Witnesses Worldwide "; This adherent/member count is for "1998 Peak Witnesses "

55. EU APPROVES A SERIES OF PROJECTS TO PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS IN AFRICA capacity forest conservation and indigenous peoples rights organisations. In Somalia, the EU will fund a project aiming at communitybased building http://www.somaliawatch.org/archive/000115102.htm

09 Dec 2000 02:34 SOMALIA WATCH SW News Title: [SW News] European Report ) EU APPROVES A SERIES OF PROJECTS TO PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS IN AFRICA From:[] Date :[]15 Jan 2000 EU APPROVES A SERIES OF PROJECTS TO PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS IN AFRICA European Report ; 15-Jan-2000 12:00:00 am The European Commission has recently decided to finance a series of actions to safeguard human rights and democracy in various African countries. * In Central Africa (Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea), the EU will grant Euro 131,773 over two years, accounting for half of the programme's total budget, to strengthen capacity forest conservation and indigenous peoples' rights organisations. The project is co-sponsored by the Rainforest Foundation. * In Madagascar, the EU will send Euro 765,000 over three years to fund a project aiming at easing access to law for handicapped people through the creation of a structured associative movement. It aims at fighting poverty and social exclusion of discriminated people and poor people. * The Commission is sending Euro 928,300 to Rwanda for a one-year project called 'Justice for all in Rwanda'. It aims at promoting the restoration of peace by helping to ensure that the genocide trials are conducted fairly.

56. Encyclopedia: African The indigenous peoples of subSaharan africa are generally referred to as either Negroes (a term widely viewed as offensive or antiquated in many countries http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/African

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "African" also viewed: African African Languages African language Africa ... Geography of Africa What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Online Bomberman One HSBC Center Of Pandas and People Odafin Tutuola ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: African Updated 233 days 2 hours 41 minutes ago. Other descriptions of African World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the world's second_largest continent in both area and population , after Asia . At c. 30,244,050 km mi ) including its adjacent islands, it covers 20.3% of the total land area on Earth, and with over 800 million human inhabitants in 54 countries, it accounts for about one seventh of Earth's human population. The ancient Romans used the name Africa terra Tunisia , where the Roman province of Africa was located. The origin of Afer may be the Phoenician `afar , dust; the

57. Encyclopedia: Africa Pygmies are the indigenous people of central africa. somaliland (somali Soomaaliland) is a former British territory located in the northwest region http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Africa

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "Africa" also viewed: Africa South Africa African language History of Africa ... African French What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Online Bomberman One HSBC Center Of Pandas and People Odafin Tutuola ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: Africa Updated 1 day 6 hours 8 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Africa Africa is the world 's second-largest continent and second most populous after Asia . At about 30,244,050 km² mi² ) including its adjacent islands, it covers 20.3 percent of the total land area on Earth . With over 800 million human inhabitants in 54 countries, it accounts for about one seventh of the world human population Earth, also known as the Earth, Terra, and (mostly in the 19th century) Tellus, is the third-closest planet to the Sun. ... Dymaxion map by Buckminster Fuller shows land mass with minimal distortion as only one continuous continent A continent (Latin continere, to hold together) is a large continuous land mass. ... World map showing location of Asia Asia is the central and eastern part of Eurasia, defined by subtracting Europe from Eurasia. ...

58. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents As early as the seventh century AD, indigenous Cushitic peoples began to mingle Interaction over the centuries led to the emergence of a somali culture http://www.traveldocs.com/so/people.htm

Somalia Africa PEOPLE As early as the seventh century A.D., indigenous Cushitic peoples began to mingle with Arab and Persian traders who had settled along the coast. Interaction over the centuries led to the emergence of a Somali culture bound by common traditions, a single language, and the Islamic faith. Today, about 60% of all Somalis are nomadic or semi-nomadic pastoralists who raise cattle, camels, sheep, and goats. About 25% of the population are settled farmers who live mainly in the fertile agricultural zone between the Juba and Shebelle Rivers in southern Somalia. The remainder of the population (15%-20%) is urban. Sizable ethnic groups in the country include Bantu agricultural workers, several thousand Arabs and some hundreds of Indians and Pakistanis. Nearly all inhabitants speak the Somali language, which remained unwritten until October 1973, when the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) proclaimed it the nation's official language and decreed an orthography using Latin letters. Somali is now the language of instruction in schools, to the extent that these exist. Arabic, English, and Italian also are used extensively. Nationality: NounSomali(s). AdjectiveSomali.

59. Background Notes Archive - Africa As early as the seventh century AD, indigenous Cushitic peoples began to mingle with Arab Somalia urged selfdetermination for the people of the area, http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/somalia9807.html

Return to Africa Background Notes Archive Return to Background Notes Archive Homepage Return to Electronic Research Collection Homepage

60. The Somali Crisis: Time For An African Solution It is imperative to draw a clear distinction between the African people The indigenous system was ignored. Yet in Somalia it endured while the modern http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-205.html

Home About Us Experts Newsroom ... Contribute Search Advanced Search Help Publications Books Policy Studies Regulation Cato Audio ... White Papers Contribute Click here to learn more about supporting the Cato Institute. Liberty on the Web Elcato.org (Spanish) Misbahalhurriyya.org (Arabic) Cato.ru (Russian) Cato Offerings Pocket Constitution Email Updates Cato Audio Cato Store ... Cato University September 25, 2005 Daily Commentary Domestic Militarization: A Disaster in the Making by Gene Healy Archives Today's Hot Topic Hurricane Katrina Daily Dispatch Bush Stands with Iraq No Hope for Medicaid Roberts In Archives Cato Policy Analysis No. 205 March 28, 1994 The Somali Crisis: Time for an African Solution by George B. N. Ayittey George B. N. Ayittey is an associate professor of economics at the American University and president of the Free Africa Foundation. His most recent book, Africa Betrayed (Cato and St. Martins, 1992), won the Mencken Award for best book of 1992. Executive Summary Somalia's societal breakdown and the famine that accompanied it were results of political and economic problems common to most sub-Saharan African countries. The U.S. and UN interventions in Somalia are unlikely to resolve the country's crisis because they do not offer solutions based on African initiatives. Indeed, dozens of UN and U.S. troops have already been killed by Somalis angry with those forces for trying to impose a settlement to Somalia's complex political disputes, and hundreds of Somalis have been killed in clashes with the occupying forces. That should not be surprising since outside attempts to resolve Africa's problems have regularly proven ineffective and even counterproductive.

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