41. Cross Country Skiing Information on this sport s history, olympic history and events, GETTING IN SHAPE FOR CROSSCOUNTRY skiing. Watching olympic athletes often motivates http://www.fitness.gov/skiing.html

History At the Olympics Schedule Skiers To Watch ... Credits/References Information on this sport's history, Olympic history and events, and the sports terms and glossary has been provided by www.NBCOlympics.com and www.Olympics.com [Olympics Main] [Getting In Shape] [Safety Tips] ... [Ice Hockey] HISTORY Cross-country or nordic is the oldest form of skiing. There is evidence that primi- tive skis were used in Norway over 5,000 years ago. As early as the 10 th century, cross-country skiing was basic transportation. Vikings in Northern Europe got around on skis when traversing relatively flat landscapes. Ski competitions started in Norway in the 19 th century. Norway's famous Holmenkollen ski festival began in 1892. At first the main focus at nordic festivals was the combined event of cross-country skiing and ski jumping. In 1900, a separate cross-country race was held at the Holmenkollen. Cross-country competition was added to the Winter Olympics at Chamonix in 1924 and has been part of competition since that time. The events held at the first cross-country competition were the 15km and the 50km. A women's cross-country event, the 10km, was added to the program in 1952. CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING AT THE OLYMPICS In competitions today, cross-country skiing is divided into two techniques — classical (diagonal stride) and freestyle, with separate events for men and women.

42. Sun Peaks Resort - Nancy Greene Biography Director of skiing olympic Gold Medalist Email ngr@telus.net of 2.68 seconds is still considered one of the most decisive wins in olympic history. http://www.sunpeaksresort.com/Summer05/nancy.aspx

43. Ski Utah - Your Information Source For Skiing, Snowboarding, Lodging, And Planni Utah also lost its second olympic bid in 1973 with an unsuccessful pitch for the 1976 Games which went to A Brief history of skiing in Utah (10/20/04) http://www.skiutah.com/pressroom/article.ski?id=525

44. History Of Skiing CrossCountry skiing first made the olympic agenda as an event during the Baulch, Vivian M. Michigan s Long history of Ski Jumping, The Detroit News http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Chateau/6110/ski.htm

THE EVOLUTION OF A PREHISTORIC SPORT: SKIING by Miriam Meijer SKIING is the world's oldest sport. The post-glacial Stone Age people of the northern latitudes in Europe and Russia used skis—not made for speed but to keep hunters on top of the snow—to survive harsh winters. The Rodoy rock carvings of a hunter on runners, 4500 years old, are above In 1868 Sondre Norheim, from the Telemark region of Norway, broke all records in Christiana (Oslo). The "Father of Modern Skiing" had added a willow strap around the heel and contoured his skis so that they were slightly waisted in the middle. His methods of artfully controlling speeds in downhill desce nts are now called the Telemark and the Christiana (now known as the Christie) turns. The first Winter Olympic Games in 1924 in Chamonix, France, had just 5 sports; both skiing events were Nordic: Ski Jumping and Nordic Combined. Cross-Country Skiing first made the Olympic agenda as an event during the 1932 Winter Games in Lake Placid. The Telemark turn proved to be insufficient for the steeper slopes of the Alps. Boots that were mounted to the ski at both the toe and the heel increased control for much faster speeds, giving birth to the downhill and slalom events. An Alpine ski event—the Combined—was first introduced in the 1936 Winter Games in Innsbruck, Austria. Alpine skiing is the fastest non-motorized sport on earth. Its popularity exploded after the invention of the ski lift. After World War II, Austria and Switzerland developed the first Alpine ski resorts. The most spectacular forms of skiing are ski jumping and ski flying, thrilling for both jumper and spectators. Giant Slalom appeared first in the 1952 Oslo Winter Olympics. Super G—a hybrid of Giant Slalom and Downhill—added a 4

45. INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE - OLYMPIC GAMES men’s races in Alpine skiing the first clean sweep in olympic history. the largest margin of victory in the history of olympic Alpine skiing. http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=2&OLGY=1956

46. New Hampshire's Role In Skiing And The Olympics New Hampshire ski resorts have their place in history too, It wasn t until 1932 that Cross Country skiing made the olympic agenda as a stand alone event http://winter.skinh.com/history.cfm

Programs: Earn Your Turns - a Program for New Hampshire 4th graders. Learn to Ski Programs for kids Specials for Women The Senior Advantage ... Friends of NH Grant Application Outdoor suggestions for non-skiers NH Snowfun Guide Articles and Information New Hampshire - the Ski State Alpine Facts - What's new for alpine resorts this season XC Facts - What's new for cross country resorts this season Snowmaking - NH has it covered The History of New Hampshire Skiing New Hampshire's role in skiing and the Olympics New Hampshire's Role in Skiing and the Olympics Some New Hampshire former Olympians: Charlie Proctor John Carlton Penny Pitou Liz McIntyre The heritage of American skiing is rooted in New Hampshire and its mountains. Since 1882, when the country's first ski club was established in Berlin, New Hampshire, skiers and ski resorts have been leaders in the sport. The Olympic spirit has burned brightly in New Hampshire: the state has been represented at every Olympics since 1942, when skiing was introduced to the Olympic Games. Charley Proctor and John Carlton, both Dartmouth College graduates, were on the first U.S. Olympic ski teams (and were also the first to tackle Tuckerman Ravine's legendary headwall on Mt. Washington); although they didn't bring home any medals, they set the standard for Dartmouth, which has sent competitors to the Games ever since. In 1960, Gilford resident Penny Pitou led the U.S. in individual medals and captured the attention of the entire country by taking home two silver medals at the Squaw Valley Games, and Hanover native Liz McIntyre's silver in the moguls competition helped the U.S. to its best winter Olympics performance in history at the '94 Games in Lillehammer.

47. Domain Name Renewal And Web Hosting From Network Solutions USA GETS BLANKED IN DOWNHILL AND CROSSCOUNTRY skiing While the US team was figured the highest finish for an American in the sport s olympic history. http://www.girlstalksports.com/Olympic_Report___Good_Will_Gam/WINTER_OLYMPICS/wi

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48. Unique Scandinavia - Oslo And Gubrandsdalen The ski museum features skiing history through 4000 years. The Norwegian olympic Museum – Covers olympic history from 776 BC to the present. http://www.bortonoverseas.com/scandinavia_new/oslo_gubrandsdalen.htm

Back to Main Scandinavia Page Back to Scandinavia Cooking Page Scandinavia Savor The Moments Oslo the 1100 year old Viking ships and Akershus medieval castle and fortress, dating to 1299. And less than 30 minutes from the city center are deep forests and pristine nature, with ski runs, cross-country trails and walking paths! is situated in the Gudbrandsdalen valley Day 1 Depart US Depart on your Scandinavia n Airlines (SAS) flight. (SAS service available from Newark, Chicago, Washington Dulles or Seattle, with connections from many US cities on United Airlines.) Day 2 Arrive Oslo Day 3 Oslo B Day 4 Oslo B Breakfast at your hotel, then you have a full day to continue sightseeing, shopping and exploring Oslo. Overnight at Hotel Continental Oslo highlights: See the best-preserved Viking ships ever found. These ships were placed in burial mounds more than 1100 years ago, and were excavated and restored during the last 50 years. Artifacts found in the burial mounds are also on display. This open-air museum features a variety of traditional homes from many regions in Norway.

49. Winter Olympic Games 1998 that will made this one of the most difficult tracks in olympic history. There are six types of Alpine skiing events at the olympic Winter Games. http://www.damoon.net/dead/JapanOlym.html

Graphic by: Shoichi Shiomi Winter Olympic Games 1998 Snowboarding . The last international games of the century featured competitors from about 80 different countries. There are many exciting sports to watch at the Winter Olympic Games. Extensive sports coverage was available via the Internet and traditional media sources. The various competitions were held from February 7, 1998 to February 21, 1998. A quick overview of the some of the sporting events that were featured at the Olympic Games is presented here. There are many great other sources of information that can expand on what is provided here. Figure skating is known as a sport of grace, and beauty. Olympic figure skaters skate to musical scores and create a kind of ice ballet. The four Olympic Figure Skating events include the Ladies Singles, the Men's Singles, Pairs or Doubles, and Ice Dancing. Singles and Doubles have two distinct forums which are the Short Program and Free Skating. The Short Program is designed to demonstrate a specific set of skating talents . During Free Skating competition, the Olympic skaters perform to music and are allowed to create a more freeform routine. Ice Dancing provides a sequenced dance on ice that is similar to ballroom dancing performed by a pair of skaters. Olympic Figure skating is an event that draws a large audience from around the world. There are six types of Alpine Skiing events at the Olympic Winter Games. These Alpine Skiing events are Downhill Racing, Slalom, the Giant Slalom, Super Giant Slalom, and Alpine Combination. Downhill Racing is the fastest and most exciting event featured at the Winter Olympic Games. The Slalom, the Giant Slalom, and Super Giant Slalom requires skiers to maneuver skillfully and through a series of gates (poles with flags). These skiing events are the most traditional competitions of the Winter Olympic games.

50. Australian Olympic Committee The OWI highlight in 2001 came in the mogul skiing program, history was created with Australia winning its first gold medals in 66 years of competing at http://www.olympics.com.au/?pg=owia&spg=history

51. Cool Attractions - Olympic History The Winter olympic Games A history of Celebration and Contrariety speed skating, Nordic skiing, bobsleigh, and ice hockey were held at a separate http://www.saltlakecity.coolattractions.com/history.html

This site is sponsored by days until the 2002 Winter Olympic Games A Vintage Pair of Ice Skates 1924 marked the year of the first official Winter Games, and for the first time events such as figure skating, speed skating, Nordic skiing, bobsleigh, and ice hockey were held at a separate celebration than the Summer Games. Taking place in Chamonix, France, 294 competitors were involved in the first official Winter Olympics. The number of athletes participating in Salt Lake City is projected to be over 2,300. Norwegian figure skater Sonja Henie made her debut at the 1924 Games, at age 12, and in 1928, 32, and 36 took home the gold medals. In 1937 Henie took advantage of her world popularity and appeared in her first movie. Her Hollywood career would last over 10 years. Margaret Crosland Training in Davos, Switzerland With the world at war in the 1940s the scheduled games in 40 and 44 were cancelled. As punishment for their roles in WW2, Japan and Germany's absence from Olympic ceremony would continue into the 1948 games in St. Moritz, Switzerland. Twenty-eight countries participated enthusiastically, and it was clear that the games had survived both the world's conflicts, and the 12-year span between the last Olympics. The IOC awarded the 1976 Olympics to Denver, Colorado, but after two years of preparation and financial squabbling, the people of Colorado refused to fund the major event through public taxes. Innsbruck offered to host the Winter Olympics only twelve years since it last played the role, and the underplayed event went off peacefully and without excessive spending.

52. Washingtonpost.com: Nordic Skiing Takanobu Okabe and Masahiko Harada both soared to the longest jumps in olympic history Tuesday as Japan won the team ski jumping gold it threw away in http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/sports/longterm/olympics1998/sport/nordic.h

Olympics Front Sport by Sport Gallery History ... Luge Nordic Skiing Snowboarding Speedskating Send us your feedback on our Olympics section. Nordic Skiing AP Photo Norway's Daehlie Was Bjorn to Ski The undisputed king of cross-country skiing, Norway's Bjorn Daehlie ( pictured ), won the 50-kilometer event Sunday for his eighth career Olympic gold medal, the most by any athlete in the Winter Games. Daehlie collapsed on the finish line after more than two hours of skiing. Norway Wins Relay for Daehlie's Seventh Daehlie Easily Wins 10K Classic Countryman Denies Daehlie in 15K Thomas Kienzie/AP Russians Sweep Women's Events Russia ended Italy's bid for a third consecutive gold in the 30-kilometer cross-country when Yulia Tchepalova ( pictured ) beat 1992 gold medalist Stefania Belmondo of Italy by 10.2 seconds. The win gave Russia a sweep of the the five women's cross-country races, and with the young and brash Tchepalova around to lead a new generation of stars, it seems assured of continued dominance in women's cross-country. Norway Ends Japan's Run in Nordic Combined Even with Emperor Akihito cheering them on, the Japanese could not overcome a disappointing performance on the ski-jump hill and saw their reign as Nordic team champion end after two consecutive Winter Games. Norway

53. The History Of Granlibakken The history of Granlibakken skiing at olympic Hill The Story of a hillside sheltered by fir trees Granlibakken Resort, on Tahoe s west shore, http://www.granlibakken.com/granlibakken/history.php

site map media lodging conferences weddings ... granlibakken The History of Granlibakken Skiing at Olympic Hill: The Story of "a hillside sheltered by fir trees" Granlibakken Resort, on Tahoe's west shore, is the site of a ski area whose history goes back to the heyday of Tahoe Tavern. These days, Granlibakken resort, located half a mile from Tahoe City along Lake Tahoe's west shore, prides itself on being one of Tahoe's better vacation complexes, hosting everything from local Rotary meetings to international science seminars. To many, though, its importance lies not in its conference halls but in its small ski jumping area, once called Olympic Hill. Read the entire article by Robert Frolich... 1932. Olympic Hill above Granlibakken Ski Area. 1928. Double Tobaggan Slide at Granlibakken, built under the supervision of George Bliss. 1936. Wayne Poulsen jumping on Olympic Hill at Granlibakken.

54. Iran Ski - History Of Skiing In Iran In fact skiing has an ancient history in Iran which is a very mountainous 1956 was an olympic year and the first time that an Iranian skiing team was http://www.iranmania.com/travel/tours/ski/history.asp

History of Skiing in Iran The mere mention of the word 'Ski' and 'Iran' in the same sentence causes disbelief for many people. In fact skiing has an ancient history in Iran which is a very mountainous country. However, modern skiing for leisure was indeed foreign to Iran and was slowly introduced from Europe during the turn of the century. In Ancient History Devices to stop people from sinking in snow were made in Iran in ancient times. An example is a device which has been dated to 2000BC. It was common among the Kafkaz tribes of the period, a ski board covered with animal hide that was tied to the feet. Linguists associate the main root of 'ski' to the Aryan language. Many historians also believe that skiing spread from the East to the Scandinavian countries. Mostafa Aalam, the translator of the book 'Modern Skiing', refers to Kurdish villagers using thin long pieces of wood to go hunting and from one village to another. The device is still in use today. General Yahyaei, the ex-head of the Iranian Skiing and Mountaineering Federation, still remembers that while on an exploratory trip in the mountains of Lorestan province, his guide used a racket-shaped ski, known as a 'Derg', which was made from the horns of bulls. 800 years ago the Moghul conqueror 'Amir Teimour Lang' recalls his time in a district of Iran known as Firooz Kooh where he saw a courier who had just arrived from the mountains wearing "Two flat pieces of wood as shoes, which would stop him from sinking into the snow and would at times allow him to glide."

55. History Of Cross Country And Alpine Skiing Learn the history of cross country and downhill skiing. This continued until CrossCountry skiing first made the olympic agenda as a stand alone event http://www.bwca.cc/activities/skiing/historyofskiing.htm

Photo by Erik W. L. Anderson History of Skiing Nicola Werdenigg Before skis were used for fun and leisure, the ski was used for work and transportation. The oldest known version is a wide, short ski found in Sweden that has been shown to be over 4500 years old, and cave and rock drawings suggest that skis were used even long before then. These first skis may have been used by a hunter or a traveler, as they were commonly used during the long winters in Northern Russia and the Scandinavian countries. Early skis were not made for speed, but to designed to keep a traveler on top of the snow as they went about their business. The people from the Telemark area of Norway have been largely credited with developing skiing into a sport, somewhere in the early 1700's. They invented the Telemark and the Christiana (now known as the Christie) turns as methods of artfully controlling speeds on downhill descents. They were also quite fond of jumping. Thus, disciplines in both alpine and Nordic skiing owe their existence to these early pioneers. The distinction that now we make between the different disciplines of skiing was not made centuries ago. All of the early skis had a boot mounted to the ski only at the toe, with the heel free to move up and down, what we now call a Nordic ski.

56. USSA :: Timeline skiing and Snowboarding history The International skiing history Association The olympic Century The Official 1st Century history of the Modern http://history.ussa.org/bibliography.php

Back to Timeline Resources for More Information Web Sites Libraries and Museums Utah Ski Archives Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles (AAFLA) AAFLA Digital Library Olympic Official Reports ... Vermont Ski Museum Olympic Winter Games United States Olympic Committee International Olympic Committee International Society of Olympic Historians Paralympic Winter Games International Paralympic Committee U.S. Paralympics International Skiing International Skiing Federation (FIS) Skiing Halls of Fame U.S. National Ski Hall of Fame and Museum Intermountain Ski Hall of Fame Professional Ski Instructors of AmericaIntermountain Division Hall of Fame Skiing and Snowboarding History The International Skiing History Association Published Material Ski and Snowboard History Alpine Achievement: A Chronicle of the United States Disabled Ski Team , by Lori J. Batcheller (1stBooks, 2002). From Skisport to Skiing: One Hundred Years of an American Sport, 1840-1940 , by E. John B. Allen (Amherst : University of Massachusetts Press, 1993). History of the NSA and the Skisport, 1840-1931

57. 1960 Olympics The VIII olympic Winter Games Page Alpine skiing in Lake Tahoe. For the first time in Winter olympic history artificial refrigeration was utilized for http://www.tahoesbest.com/Skiing/svuoly.htm

Mid-Week, Weekend Skiing and Snowboarding in Lake Tahoe On Thursday, February 18, 1960, under storm-threatening skies, the greatest winter athletes in the world gathered in Squaw Valley. As the sun broke through briefly, 2,000 pigeons were released into the air. A throng of 1,000 competitors and 20,000 spectators stood hushed as the Olympic Torch completed a 9,000 mile odyssey from Europe and was placed in front of the Tower of Nations. Following the Olympic Oath and the Star Spangled Banner, Avery Brundage declared the Games "open" while the sky erupted into a kaleidoscope of fireworks and colorful balloons. Thus began the VIII Olympic Winter Games at Squaw Valley. At that time the 1960 Winter Games were the largest ever held, with 34 nations competing in 15 alpine and ski jumping events, 8 speed skiing contests, 3 figure skating competitions and 28 hockey matches. Making its Olympic debut was women's speed skiing and the men's biathlon, a combination of Nordic skiing and rifle marksmanship. The Squaw Games were highlighted by many other Winter Olympic 'firsts'. They were the first Winter Games to be nationally televised and to house the athletes in their own Olympic Village. For the first time in Winter Olympic history artificial refrigeration was utilized for speed skating events and electronic computers were used to tally results.

58. History Of Women In Sports Timeline - 2002 who becomes the youngest individual winner in olympic history with her victory 2002 In women s olympic aerial freestyle skiing, Australia s Alias http://www.northnet.org/stlawrenceaauw/time12.htm

to 1899 History of Women in Sports Timeline Part 10 - 2002 "I wouldn't have thought in a hundred years that I'd be here." - Kelly Clark of Mount Snow, VT, on her gold medal win in snowboarding halfpipe at the Salt Lake City Olympics. 2002 - Aileen Eaton becomes the first woman to be inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame. Eaton promoted more than 10,000 boxing matches in her career, from 1942-1980, many held in the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles. Among the fighters she promoted were Sugar Ray Robinson, Floyd Paterson, George Foreman and Joe Frazier. (Eaton died in 1987 at age 78.) 2002 - Jennifer Capriati wins her second Australian Open in Melbourne, beating Martina Hingis 4-5, 8-6 (9-5), 6-2. She becomes the first woman's champion to save four match points in a final, all in the second set. On-court temperatures hit 116 degrees. 2002- Norway (2-1) wins the Four Nations soccer tournament held in China. Germany (1-1-1) takes second, the US third (1-1-1), and host China fourth with a 1-2 record for the tournament. 2002 - Martina Hingis wins her fourth Toray Pan Pacific tennis title in six years, beating Monica Seles 7-6, (8-6), 4-6, 6-3.

59. Olympic Games, Spirit And Modern History olympic Games, Spirit and Modern history The biathlon, bobsled and luge, crosscountry skiing, skating and many of the alpine skiing events grew out of http://2002.uen.org/html/sports/lessons/olympicgames.html

Olympic Games, Spirit and Modern History " The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well." Olympic Creed The Olympic Movement The first recorded Ancient Games was held in 776 B.C. in ancient Europe, but evidence suggests that Games were being held long before that. Originally, competition consisted of a single foot race over a distance of 200 meters, but within a short time, the event grew to include five sports or a pentathlon. The "Olympiad" became an important event and was held every four years. During Olympic years, warring city-states were encouraged to lay down their weapons and to compete in peace on the playing field instead of on the battlefield. The Olympic Games were canceled in 394 A.D. for religious reasons. Greece, as part of the Roman Empire, had become Christian and the games were considered Pagan. Centuries later, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a French educator and historian, recommended that the Olympic Games be restored. Coubertin believed in the spirit of Olympism; a set of values that enhance the physical, intellectual and spiritual growth of participants through sport, art and music, while promoting friendship and understanding throughout the world. Due to his work, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was established and Athens, Greece had the honor of being the first city to host the modern Games in the year l896. June 23, l896 was designated as "Olympic Day" throughout the world.

60. Elderhostel : Search Results Rockies Downhill skiing Sunshine, Lake Louise And Norquay, program 13180RJ trace olympic history, and visit cultural and historical landmarks. http://www.elderhostel.org/Programs/search_res.asp?Type=A&StateCode=AB&Page=2

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