81. Medem: Medical Library: Sickle Cell Anemia In sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells become hard, sticky, and shaped like In the United States, sickle cell anemia affects about 72000 people. http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZRUG6LUJC&sub_cat=5

82. Pregnancy And Sickle Cell Anemia I have sickle cell anemia but my partner does not. For a woman with sickle cell anemia who is interested in having children, it is ideal that she http://www.estronaut.com/a/pregnancy_sickle_cell_anemia.htm

Pregnancy and Sickle Cell Anemia I have sickle cell anemia but my partner does not. We are considering having a child and would like to know the risks of conceiving under these circumstances. For a woman with sickle cell anemia who is interested in having children, it is ideal that she pursues supportive counseling and healthcare before she conceives. She needs both a high-risk obstetrician and a hemotologist. If the pregnancy is a surprise, she should seek medical attention as soon as she suspects she might be pregnant. The pregnancies are at higher risk of spontaneous abortion, premature labor, pseudo-toxemia and cesarean section. The fetuses are more likely to have growth lags, and more trouble with the stresses of labor and delivery. After the birth, all women are more likely to have infections and blood clots, but the risk for sickle cell mothers is even greater. At the first visit, a pregnant woman with sickle cell should have the following tests: complete blood count, reticulocyte count, hemoglobin electrophoresis (for her partner as well), liver function tests, hepatitis B and C, blood group and antibody typing, rubella antibodies, syphilis test.

83. Sickle Cell Anemia - Early Diagnosis Critical Crescent shaped structures in a solution pushing through a round, tight opening. The crescent shapes don t fit well through the tubules; they move slower http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/columncc/cc040330.html

@import "/styles/coopext_adv.css"; Sickle cell anemia - early diagnosis critical By Cecilia Jamieson Colorado State University Cooperative Extension agent, Food Stamp and Nutrition Education March 30, 2004 Crescent shaped structures in a solution pushing through a round, tight opening. The crescent shapes don't fit well through the tubules; they move slower and slower as the structures pile up. The solution becomes more concentrated, like thick syrup. The structures end up sticking together, stacking up and forming a blockage. The above paragraph could be a description of a lava lamp, but it actually describes what can happen in a person with sickle cell anemia. The crescent shaped structures are malformed red blood cells, the tubules are blood vessels and the solution refers to blood. Why do we need to know about sickle cell anemia? Sickle cell anemia is relatively uncommon in Colorado as compared to other states. According to John Hutter, M.D. chief physician of the Hematology/Oncology unit at the University of Arizona, health professionals practicing in states that have a low incidence rate for sickle cell anemia also have with less exposure and knowledge of the condition. Certain symptoms that seem normal for most children may signal the need for immediate care for a child with sickle cell anemia. If health professionals, and families and individuals with sickle cell anemia are not well informed about the disease, they can miss these signs. Therefore, it is important that health professionals and others in Colorado stay abreast of proactive treatments that can reduce the risk of contracting a medical condition (such as pneumonia) that can quickly become fatal for younger children with the disease.

84. WHAT IS SICKLE CELL DISEASE? Even though we often see the term sickle cell anemia used to refer to all The health problem known as anemia may result because the sickle cell does not http://www.defiers.com/scd.html

Basics Parents' Guide Espanol Depression WHAT IS SICKLE CELL DISEASE? SICKLE CELL DISEASE: THE BASICS Sickle cell disease is an inherited condition that is most common among people whose ancestors come from Africa, the Middle East, the Mediterranean basin, and India. In the U.S., it affects primarily African Americans, about 0.3% of whom have some form of sickle cell disease, and approximately 10% of whom carry the sickle cell trait. There are approximately 80,000 individuals in the United States with sickle cell disease. The red blood cells of people with sickle cell disease contain an abnormal type of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying pigment, called hemoglobin S. The deficiency of oxygen in the blood causes hemoglobin S to crystallize, distorting the red blood cells into a sickle shape, making them fragile and easily destroyed, leading to anemia. The "sickled" blood cells then are unable to squeeze through the smaller blood vessels (arterioles and capillaries). When the tissues are deprived of an adequate blood supply, painful symptoms occur. Complications can include stroke, bone pain, kidney damage and breathing problems. The recurrent pain caused by the disease can interfere with many aspects of the patients' lives including education, employment, and psychosocial development. NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN AND SICKLE HEMOGLOBIN The second difference between the two types of cells is their longevity. Sickle cells do not live as long as normal cells. Normal, healthy cells can survive for about 120 days, while the more fragile sickle cells can survive for about 60 days or less. Unfortunately, the body cannot make new red blood cells as fast as it loses sickle blood cells. As a result, a sickle cell patient has fewer red blood cells and less hemoglobin than normal red blood cells. This decreased hemoglobin (called anemia), in turn, results in less oxygen being available for use by the cells of the body.

85. Extended Definitions: Example sickle cell anemia is a congenital hemolytic anemia that occurs primarily but sickle cell anemia results from homozygous inheritance of the hemoglobin http://www.io.com/~hcexres/tcm1603/acchtml/def_ex.html

Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia is a congenital hemolytic anemia that occurs primarily but not exclusively in Blacks. The condition results from a defective hemoglobin molecule (hemoglobin S) which causes red blood cells (RBCs) to roughen and become sickle-shaped. Such cells impair circulation, resulting in chronic ill health (fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and swollen joints), periodic crises, long-term complications, and premature death. At present, only symptomatic treatment is available. Half of such patients die by their early 20s; few live to middle age. Causes and Incidence Sickle cell anemia results from homozygous inheritance of the hemoglobin S-producing gene, which causes substitution of the amino acid valine for glutamic acid in the B hemoglobin chain. Heterozygous inheritance of this gene results in sickle cell trait, generally an asymptomatic condition. Sickle cell anemia is most common in tropical Africans and in persons of African descent. About 1 in 10 Afro-Americans carries the abnormal gene. If two such carriers have offspring, there is a 1 in 4 chance that each child will have the disease. Overall, 1 in every 400 to 600 Black children has sickle cell anemia. This disease also occurs in Puerto Rico, Turkey, India, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean area. Possibly, the defective hemoglobin S-producing gene has persisted because in areas where malaria is endemic, the heterozygous sickle cell trait provides resistance to malaria and is actually beneficial.

86. Genetics High School Teaching Vignette sickle cell anemia and Genetics Background Information sickle cell anemia was the first genetic disease to be characterized at the molecular level. http://genetics-education-partnership.mbt.washington.edu/class/activities/HS/sic

Sickle Cell Anemia and Genetics: Background Information Background information to accompany the labs: Allele Frequencies and Sickle Cell Anemia Lab and Sickle Cell Anemia: Diagnosis Using Restriction Analysis of DNA Genetics of Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia was the first genetic disease to be characterized at the molecular level. The mutation responsible for sickle cell anemia is small—just ONE nucleotide of DNA out of the three billion in each human cell. Yet it is enough to change the chemical properties of hemoglobin, the iron and protein complex that carries oxygen within red blood cells. There are approximately 280 million hemoglobin molecules in each red blood cell (RBC). The protein portion of hemoglobin consists of four globin subunits: two alpha ( a ) and two beta ( b ). These two types of subunits are encoded by the a and b globin genes, respectively. While the binding of oxygen actually occurs at the iron sites, all four globin chains must work together in order for the process to function well. Sickle cell anemia, also known as sickle cell disease, is caused by a point mutation in the

87. Other Topics: Current Treatment For Sickle Cell Anemia sickle cell anemia is the most clinically significant of a group of Three views of the peripheral blood smear of sickle cell anemia with red blood cell http://www.thedoctorwillseeyounow.com/articles/other/sicklecell_3/

IN THIS ARTICLE What is sickle cell disease? The current treatment Too much Vitamin A from meat and dairy products can weaken the bones of the elderly. more... OTHER TOPICS Human genome project Current Treatment for Sickle Cell Anemia Robert G. Lerner, M.D. For the past eight years, I've been treating a patient, I'll call him Rod. When I first met Rod, he was hospitalized and frightened, facing an uncertain future from a serious disease. Rod knew he had some variety of sickle cell disorder because both of his parents had sickle cell trait. We tested Rod and, indeed, he had inherited sickle cell disease. Parents are often confused about screening for sickle cell disease and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has provided a useful guide designed for use by parents. Thanks to a new medicine, hydoxyurea, sickle cell sufferers like Rod now have a better chance of living an almost normal life, with fewer painful attacks and hospitalizations. Rod's Medical Story Rod's childhood was mostly uneventful, although he had many episodes of aches and pains as he was growing up. At 18, he was hospitalized with his first "sickle cell crisis," where red cells broke down and blocked blood flow, especially in tiny arteries throughout Rod's body. Rod was even treated with exchange transfusion on one occasion when his lungs were plugged up with misshapen sickle cells and his life was in danger we replaced his defective red blood cells with normal red blood cells. Exchange transfusion is not an ordinary part of medical care for crisis but, sometimes, it can be life saving when a patient has an acute chest syndrome like Rod did. Since then, he's had many crises and many medical problems, including episodes of severe abdominal and back pains, skin ulcers and bone and joint damage.

88. Sickle Cell Disease - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital sickle cell anemia The child has most or all of the normal hemoglobin (HbA) anemia this is the most common symptom of all the sickle cell diseases. http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/hematology/sicklcel.html

Bone Marrow Transplantation Hematology Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Oncology ... Effects of Pediatric Brain Tumors and Their Treatment Haunt Survivors for Years, Stanford/Packard Study Finds Hematology and Blood Disorders Sickle Cell Disease What is sickle cell disease? Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder characterized by defective hemoglobin (a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the tissues of the body). Sickle cell disease involves the red blood cells, or hemoglobin, and their ability to carry oxygen. Normal hemoglobin cells are smooth, round, and flexible, like the letter "O," so they can move through the vessels in our bodies easily. Sickle cell hemoglobin cells are stiff and sticky, and form into the shape of a sickle, or the letter "C," when they lose their oxygen. These sickle cells tend to cluster together, and cannot easily move through the blood vessels. The cluster causes a blockage and stops the movement of healthy, normal oxygen-carrying blood. This blockage is what causes the painful and damaging complications of sickle cell disease. The most common variations of the sickle cell gene are: Sickle cell trait The child is carrying the defective gene, HbS, but also has some normal hemoglobin, HbA. This is referred to as HbAS. Children with sickle cell trait are usually without symptoms of the disease. Mild anemia may occur. Under intense stressful conditions, exhaustion, hypoxia (low oxygen), and/or severe infection, the sickling of the defective hemoglobin may occur and result in some complications associated with the sickle cell disease.

89. CBCF Health - Content - Sickle Cell Anemia FAQ sickle cell anemia is caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin (oxygen sickle cell anemia results from the hereditary presence of abnormal Hgb S in http://www.cbcfhealth.org/content/contentID/936

Site Search Engine Home President's Message AIDS/ HIV ... Sitemap You are here: Home Content FAQ Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia FAQ PRINT THIS EMAIL THIS TO A FRIEND BOOKMARK THIS Q. What is sickle cell anemia? Sickle cell anemia is caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin (oxygen carrying pigment) called hemoglobin S, which is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of the body by using a protein called hemoglobin. Healthy red blood cells carry normal hemoglobin. The cells are flexible and move freely through even the smallest blood vessels. In sickle cell disease, however, the red blood cells contain sickle hemoglobin, giving them a curved, or sickle, shape after oxygen is released. The sickle-shaped cells get stuck and form plugs in small blood vessels, causing damage to the tissue where the blockage occurs. Sickle cell anemia results from the hereditary presence of abnormal Hgb S in place of Hgb A. It occurs in people who have inherited hemoglobin S from both parents. Hgb S is an abnormal form of hemoglobin associated with sickle cell anemia. Hgb S, in the presence of low O2 concentrations, precipitates. The precipitated Hgb S causes the red blood cells to sickle (form a crescent shape), which results in a blockage of small vessels and breakdown (lysis) of some of the cells. If hemoglobin S is inherited from one parent, the offspring will have sickle cell trait and is usually without symptoms. Q. What is Sickle Cell Trait?

90. Sickle Cell Anemia And Stroke A stroke is a sudden and severe complication of sickle cell anemia. It affects from 6 to 8% of patients with sickle cell anemia, especially between 2 and 10 http://www.doh.wa.gov/EHSPHL/PHL/Newborn/scstroke.htm

You are here: DOH Home EHSPHL Home PHL Home NBS Home ... Employees Sickle Cell Anemia and Stroke Sickle Cell Anemia and Stroke WHAT IS A STROKE? A stroke is a sudden and severe complication of sickle cell anemia. It affects from 6 to 8% of patients with sickle cell anemia, especially between 2 and 10 years of age. A stroke may occur with a painful episode or an infection, but in most cases there are no related illnesses. Although recovery from the stroke may be complete in some cases, frequently the stroke can cause brain damage, paralysis, convulsions, coma and even death. A repeat stroke causes greater brain damage and increases the risk of death. Repeat strokes occur in at least 60% of the children who have already suffered one stroke unless treatment is given. At this time, no test has been proven to predict those children with sickle cell anemia who are at risk for having one or more strokes. WHAT CAUSES A STROKE? The sickled cells in a child with sickle cell anemia have a hard time moving through the blood vessels in the brain. If some cells get "stuck" and can't move, other sickled cells pile up behind and cause a "log jam" that blocks the blood vessels. Oxygen can't get past the block to other parts of the brain, which causes the stroke. SYMPTOMS OF A STROKE Jerking or twitching of the face, legs, arms.

91. Sickle Cell Anemia sickle cell anemia is a group of genetic disorders that changes the composition of People with sickle cell anemia have an abnormal type of hemoglobin http://healthgate.partners.org/browsing/browseContent.asp?fileName=11561.xml&tit

92. Sickle Cell Anemia -- Lonergan Et Al. 21 (4): 971 -- RadioGraphics sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a disease caused by production of abnormal Pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1996; http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/21/4/971

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This Article Abstract Figures Only Full Text (PDF) ... Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Download to citation manager PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lonergan, G. J. Articles by Abbondanzo, S. L. Related Collections General Pediatric Radiology Radiographics. RSNA AFIP Archives Sickle Cell Anemia Gael J. Lonergan, Lt Col, USAF, MC David B. Cline, MAJ, MC, USA and Susan L. Abbondanzo, MD From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (G.J.L.); Departments of Radiologic Pathology (G.J.L.) and Hematopathology (S.L.A.), Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 14th St and Alaska Ave NW, Bldg 54, Rm M-121, Washington, DC 20306-6000; and Department of Radiology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC. Received December 15, 2000; revision requested December 28 and received January 26, 2001; accepted February 7. Address correspondence to G.J.L. (e-mail:

93. Sickle Cell Disease - Children's Hospital Boston sickle cell anemia The child has most or all of the normal hemoglobin (HbA) ANEMIA - this is the most common symptom of all the sickle cell diseases. http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site1597/mainpageS1597P0.html

or find by letter: A-F G-L M-R S-Z My Child Has... Home Sickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Disease Programs that treat this condition or perform this procedure Sickle Cell Disease Stem Cell Transplantation What is sickle cell disease? Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder characterized by defective hemoglobin (a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the tissues of the body). Sickle cell disease involves the red blood cells, or hemoglobin, and their ability to carry oxygen. Normal hemoglobin cells are smooth, round, and flexible, like the letter O, so they can move through the vessels in our bodies easily. Sickle cell hemoglobin cells are stiff and sticky, and form into the shape of a sickle, or the letter C, when they lose their oxygen. These sickle cells tend to cluster together, and cannot easily move through the blood vessels. The cluster causes a blockage and stops the movement of healthy, normal oxygen-carrying blood. This blockage is what causes the painful and damaging complications of sickle cell disease. Sickle cells only live for about 15 days, while normal hemoglobin can live up to 120 days. Also, sickle cells risk being destroyed by the spleen because of their shape and stiffness. The spleen is an organ that helps filter the blood of infections and sickled cells get stuck in this filter and die. Due to the decreased number of hemoglobin cells circulating in the body, a person with sickle cell disease is chronically anemic. The spleen also suffers damage from the sickled cells blocking healthy oxygen carrying cells. Without a normal functioning spleen, these individuals are more at risk for infections. Infants and young children are at risk for life-threatening infections.

94. Human Gene Testing - Summary Article by Drs. Stuart Orkin and Gary Felsenfeld describing how basic research led to genetic testing, including how the discoveries of DNA, restriction enzymes, cloning, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) make tests for diseases like sicklecell anemia and breast cancer possible. http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.article.asp?a=239

95. Cancer Drug Benefits Sickle Cell Patients CNN http://cnn.com/2003/HEALTH/04/03/sickle.cell.anemia.ap/index.html

96. CNN.com - Health - Devastation Of Sickle Cell Disease Chronicled - February 22, CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/02/22/sickle.cell.anemia/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Devastation of sickle cell disease chronicled Film documentary scheduled February 28 February 22, 2001 Web posted at: 10:11 a.m. EST (1511 GMT) In this story: Asking questions Treatments studied RELATED STORIES, SITES By Michele Dula Baum CNN.com Health Writer ATLANTA, Georgia (CNN) - Although research continues, sickle cell anemia remains an "orphan disease" attracting little notice despite its harvest of pain and early death. But a new film documentary may help to educate viewers about the disease, which affects about 80,000 people in the United States and millions worldwide. Called "Sickle Cell: The Forgotten Disease," the film will air at 10 p.m. EST on the Discovery Health Channel. It is being co-produced by the Dr. Spock Company. "It's hard to get funding or people interested in trials," said Dr. James Eckman, director of the Georgia Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center at Grady Health System. "But because this is a lifelong, chronic problem, it has a greater impact." CONDITION CLINIC Sickle Cell disease A genetic disorder, sickle cell disease attacks red blood cells, making them rigid and distorting their normally round shape into crescents and points. These misshapen cells can easily clog tiny blood vessels and deprive organs and tissues of vital oxygen, causing intractable pain crises. In addition, children with sickle cell are more prone to stroke, pneumonia, infection and other long-term complications.

97. Sickle-Cell Anemia--Knowledge Is The Best Defense - Jehovah's Witnesses Official An article about sicklecell anemia with an explanation, the symptoms, treatment, prevention and how it is passed on. http://www.watchtower.org/library/g/1996/10/8/anemia_knowledge_defense.htm

Related topics: The Mystery of Ill Health Pestilence Will It Ever End? Knowledge Is the Best Defense BY AWAKE! CORRESPONDENT IN NIGERIA THERE were 32 people in the conference room, mostly women and children. Six-year-old Tope, frail, dressed in pink, sat quietly beside her mother, on a wooden chair. She listened as the nurse spoke to them about what to do when the pain comes. "She is my firstborn," said her mother. "From the beginning she was always sick. I went to many churches, and they prayed over her. But she still got sick. Finally, I took her to the hospital. They tested her blood and found she was a 'sickler.'" What Is It? At the Center for Sickle-Cell Anemia in Benin City, Nigeria, Tope's mother learned that sickle-cell anemia is a disorder of the blood. Contrary to superstitious beliefs, it has nothing to do with witchcraft or spirits of the dead. Children inherit sickle-cell anemia from both parents. It is not contagious. There is no way you can catch the disorder from another person. Either you are born with it or you are not. Tope's mother also learned that while there is no cure, the symptoms can be treated. Sickle-cell anemia occurs mostly in those of African descent. Dr. I. U. Omoike, director of the Center for Sickle-Cell Anemia, told

98. Medical References: Sickle Cell Disease sickle cell disease is an inherited disease of red blood cells. It is characterized by pain episodes, anemia (shortage of red blood cells), http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1221.asp

View All Chapters Find Your Local Chapter September 25, 2005 Select one Folic Acid Pregnancy Prenatal Screening Infections/Diseases Loss Concerns Newborn Information Birth Defects Polio Genetics Research Funding Perinatal Statistics Medical References Continuing Education ... Prematurity Quick Reference and Fact Sheets Sickle Cell Disease What is sickle cell disease? Sickle cell disease is an inherited disease of red blood cells. It is characterized by pain episodes, anemia (shortage of red blood cells), serious infections and damage to vital organs. The symptoms of sickle cell disease are caused by abnormal hemoglobin. Hemoglobin, the main protein inside red blood cells, carries oxygen from the lungs and takes it to every part of the body. Normally, red blood cells are round and flexible and flow easily through blood vessels. But in sickle cell disease, the abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become stiff and, under the microscope, may look like a C-shaped farm tool called a sickle. These stiffer red blood cells can get stuck in tiny blood vessels, cutting off the blood supply to nearby tissues. This is what causes pain (called a sickle cell pain episode or crisis) and sometimes organ damage in sickle cell disease. Sickle-shaped red blood cells also die and break down more quickly than normal red blood cells, resulting in anemia. There are several common forms of sickle cell disease. These are called SS (individuals inherit one sickle cell gene from each parent); SC (the child inherits one sickle cell gene and one gene for another abnormal type of hemoglobin called “C”); and S-beta thalassemia (the child inherits one sickle cell gene and one gene for beta thalassemia, another inherited anemia).

99. Sickle Cell Society sickle cell Society UK based charity which provides care and information on sickle cell anaemia (anemia) and other sickle cell disorders to sufferers, http://www.sicklecellsociety.org/

Sickle Cell Society 54 Station Road London, NW10 4UA UK Tel 020 8961 7795 Fax 020 8961 8346 info@sicklecellsociety.org Latest Sickle News Telephone Help Line Nowgen launches Photo 2004 "Human Genetics and Society" competition Latest Events The Latest Events organised by SCS. What is Sickle Cell Anaemia? How can I volunteer my help? Questions and Answers Planet Sickle A special site for young people with Sickle Cell document.write(text); //> For more information contact the Sickle Cell Society on 020 8961 7795. Information, Counselling and caring for those with Sickle Cell Disorders and their families marks our 25th anniversary.

100. FamilyFun: Health Encyclopedia: Sickle-Cell Anemia An excerpt on sicklecell anemia from the Disney Encyclopedia of Baby and Child Care. http://familyfun.go.com/parenting/child/health/childhealth/dony79enc_ansickcel/

Browse site by Classic Themes Barnyard Pals Cars and Trucks Fairy-Tale Princesses Pirates Under the Sea Search FamilyFun Tools My Great Idea Parent Problem Solver Field Guide to Parenting ... Solutions A to Z Anemia: Sickle-Cell This disease is an inherited blood disorder that occurs almost exclusively in blacks. It is caused by an abnormality in the pigment hemoglobin hemoglobin S WHEN SHOULD I SUSPECT THAT MY CHILD HAS SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA? All black infants should be screened for sickle-cell anemia at birth. This is particularly important if there is any history of the disease in the family. A definitive diagnosis can be made with simple blood tests. WHAT CAUSES SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA? Sickle-cell disorders are passed genetically from parent to child. If both parents have a gene for hemoglobin S., their child has a 25 percent chance of inheriting both genes and getting sickle-cell anemia. If only one gene is inherited, half of the child's hemoglobin will be normal and will prevent the disease from developing. These children have sickle-cell trait and are usually healthy; however, they can pass on the abnormal gene to their children. One in 12 blacks are healthy carriers of the sickle-cell gene.

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