41. Talk:Africa/Archive1 - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The indigenous peoples of subSaharan africa are generally referred to as either (link to section); Can link skin color ply black human blacks, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Africa/Archive1

Talk:Africa/Archive1 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Talk:Africa This is an archived discussion. Please do not add to or modify this page. See Talk:Africa for the live discussion. Contents Region type "Dark Continent Lack of Specifics Independence or Neo-Colonialism? ... edit Region type Recently I had a question brought up in school asking "What region type is Africa?", with answers such as "Functional Region". I still don't know the answer. If somebody could seek out the information and update, I'd be much obliged. (And future people..) It's not a continent? iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 05:02, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC) a comedy of errors. unfortunately, not funny. edit "Dark Continent "A minority of conservative European observers, such as Dr. William Pierce, assert this fact to be the result of lower intelligence, describing Africa as "The Dark Continent" in reference to its perennial poverty and warfare." The demographics section needs a lot of work. It is utterly simplistic, misleading and contradictory. edit Lack of Specifics The lack of statistics and examples in the History and Politics sections is discomforting.

42. 1Up Travel > Zimbabwe > Travel & Tourism | Tourist Guide To Zimbabwe Zimbabwe, formerly called Rhodesia, is a country in southern africa. Meanwhile,mass migrations of indigenous peoples took place. http://www.1uptravel.com/international/africa/zimbabwe/

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Airline Tickets Car Rentals Cruises Hotels ... Vacations Web 1UpTravel.com You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Africa Zimbabwe ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography Life Cuisine ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Attractions Shopping Eating Out ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Zimbabwe Guide Zimbabwe Maps Zimbabwe Hotels Zimbabwe Flag ... Featured in Beachcomber Community Guides Zimbabwe Introduction Zimbabwe, formerly called Rhodesia, is a landlocked country in southern Africa. Most of the country is a high plateau. Zimbabwe lies in the tropics but has a pleasant climate because of the high altitude. Zimbabwe's beautiful scenery includes the famous Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River along the country's northern border. Zimbabwe is a leading mineral producer. Harare (formerly called Salisbury) is the capital and largest city.

43. Land And Spirituality In Africa In February 1998, some indigenous peoples participants who had been at the Gabarone While land is a birthright of every African indigenous person, http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/jpc/echoes-16-05.html

The Earth as Mother Land and Spirituality in Africa Articles in this series: Land: Breaking bonds and cementing ties by Edmore Mufema Spirituality, land and land reform in South Africa ... Rev. Rupert Hambira In 1996, Indigenous People met during the Conference on World Mission and Evangelism held in Salvador Bahia Brazil. One year later, the World Council of Churches’ Indigenous Peoples’ Programme (WCC/IPP) in cooperation with the Botswana Christian Council also held a workshop under the theme "Spirituality, Land and the Role of the Churches in the Struggle for the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights" in Gabarone. From that meeting came a call to continue building spiritual,cultural and political identities within the churches in the countries where Indigenous Peoples are located. The areas of critical concern identified were land, protection of rights under international law, preservation/promotion of culture, decision making processes, advocacy, spirituality and networking. In February 1998, some Indigenous Peoples participants who had been at the Gabarone workshop and other representatives from Africa, attended a consultation on "Land and Spirituality" in Karasjok, Norway. Here the world-wide Indigenous Peoples community exchanged ways in which their spiritualities and lands were threatened. From this sharing, ideas of cooperation and responsibilities were discussed. The Indigenous meeting and the statement of Karasjok became a strong challenge to convene in Harare to identify the critical issues affecting African Indigenous Peoples in general. Before the WCC’s eighth Assembly in Harare, "Land and Spirituality: The African Context" was the theme chosen for the workshop the same theme used in Karasjok, Norway. It showed the connectedness between the spiritualities of the Indigenous Peoples and the land on which they originated.

44. ZimbaGeneral African peoples the shona and the Ndebele. It was also likely to make a between Afrikaners and indigenous peoples (many of them Khoisan speakers, http://www.fb10.uni-bremen.de/anglistik/kerkhoff/AfricanLit/MiniLectures/ZimbaGe

Zimbabwe: Chapter 2B. Ethnicity and Race ( Countries of the World ) Irving Kaplan; 01-01-1991 Chapter 2B. Ethnicity and Race Independence reordered relations between Africans and Europeans in Zimbabwe and provided a new context for the interaction of the two major African peoples: the Shona and the Ndebele. It was also likely to make a difference in the significance of groupings within the preponderant Shona population. Until 1980 Europeans were politically and economically dominant. They controlled the allocation of resources and benefits and had anchored their status and privileges in the political and legal systems. Except for a few individuals, Europeans were socially isolated from Africans, who related to them mainly as representatives of government authority or as employers and to a lesser extent as missionaries or teachers. In other contexts, such as the marketplace or the clinic or hospital, relations between blacks and whites were ephemeral and impersonal. In all of these situations Africans' deference

45. JJSProgramme The beginning of literacy among the indigenous people of South africa The shona novel and the promises of postcolonial reading. Lunch break http://www.jahn-bibliothek.ifeas.uni-mainz.de/JJSProgramm.html

8TH JJS PICTURES NEW! PROGRAMME HOME DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND AFRICAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF MAINZ Creative Writing in African Languages: Production, Mediation, Reception Programme Wednesday, 17 th November 2004 Registration Welcoming addresses Keynote lecture Alain Ricard (Paris) Creative writing in African languages: production, mediation, reception Opening reception Dinner Thursday, 18 th November 2004 Panel I: Origins and history of individual literatures in African languages (examples from West and Central Africa) Ernest E. Emenyonu (Flint/Michigan, USA) The dynamics of creativity in Igbo language literature: from Pita Nwana to Tonie Ubesie Erika Eichholzer (Hannover, Germany) The first novel in Twi/Akan Crispin Maalu-Bungi (Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Kongo) Written literature in Congolese languages: genesis and principal genres Coffee break Panel I (continued): Origins and history of individual literatures in African languages (examples from southern Africa) Philemon Buti Skhosana (Pretoria, South Africa) Thematic survey of isiNdebele short story writing Daniel Kunene (Madison/Wisconsin, USA)

46. Balancing Act News Update - African Internet Developments million people consumers and business people in africa, as well as africans technologies to indigenous peoples will bring about negative results. Such http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act29.html

Current issue Full archive Submissions Subscribe ... Links ISSUE NO 29 COMING SOON: ISLAMIC WEB SITES AND A HEALTH AND THE INTERNET SPECIAL NEWS UPDATE 29: KENYA - BUSTING CORRUPTION USING THE INTERNET Corruption in the public sector is money diverted into someone's pocket that should have been spent on development. Corruption happens everywhere but is particularly endemic in Africa. Certain African countries can lay claim to being world leaders in this field. Large-scale contracts (especially in the field of telecomms) controlled by government are particularly open to the unscrupulous "taking a cut". To discourage it one business leader - John Gage of Sun Systems - is suggesting government makes transparency - using the internet - a feature of how they operate. However petty corruption at all levels discourages foreign investment. This week John Onunga describes a project set up in Kenya that encourages people to report this small-scale graft electronically.

47. LTC Library Acquisitions - October-December 2000 - Articles, Africa And The Midd indigenous peoples and sustainability cases and actions. Resource managementand the shona people in rural Zimbabwe. (In International Union for http://www.ies.wisc.edu/ltc/afar0004.html

RECENT LIBRARY ACQUISITIONS OCTOBER, NOVEMBER, DECEMBER 2000 ARTICLES - AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST Region Adams, Martin, Sipho Sibanda, and Stephen Turner. "Land tenure and rural livelihoods in Southern Africa." (In: Evolving land rights, policy and tenure in Africa. London : IIED and University of Greenwich Natural Resources Institute, 2000, p. 135-150) Memorial Library: KQC772 E96 2000 Chancellor, Felicity. "Women and smallholder irrigation development in Africa : constraints and opportunities." (In: Workshop on Gender and Water , (1997 : Habarana, Sri Lanka). Gender analysis and reform of irrigation management : concepts, cases, and gaps in knowledge : proceedings of the Workshop on Gender and Water, 15-19 September 1997, Habarana, Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka : International Water Management Institute, 1998, p. 249-266) Steenbock Library: HD6073 A272 G46 1998 Cousins, Ben. "Tenure and common property resources in Africa." (In: Evolving land rights, policy and tenure in Africa. London : IIED and University of Greenwich Natural Resources Institute, 2000, p. 151-180)

48. Africana Librarians Council Thus, HammondTooke s The Bantu-speaking peoples of Southern africa (2d ed., 1974),both Bantu-speaking peoples and indigenous peoples-South africa http://www.loc.gov/rr/amed/afs/alc/catm101.html

ALC Cataloging Committee Meeting April 27, 2001: 9:00-10:30 am, Bloomington, IN Minutes Present : Simon Bockie (Univ. of California, Berkeley), Jill Coelho (Harvard Univ.), Andrew de Heer (Schomburg Center), Karen Fung (Stanford Univ.), Miki Goral (Univ. of California, Los Angeles), Marieta Harper (Library of Congress), Patricia Kuntz (Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison), Joseph Lauer (Michigan State Univ.), Robert Lesh (Northwestern Univ.), Peter Limb (Michigan State Univ.), Peter Malanchuk (Univ. of Florida), Judy McDermott (Library of Congress), Edward Miner (Indiana Univ.), Valentine Muyumba (Indiana State Univ.), Lauris Olson (Univ. of Pennsylvania), Loumona Petroff (Boston Univ.), Dan Reboussin (Univ. of Florida), Margie Struthers (Univ. of Cape Town), Gretchen Walsh (Boston Univ.), David Westley (Boston Univ.). 2. Approved the minutes of the Fall meeting (sent to list on Dec. 09, 2000; see http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/amed/catm200.html) Use of "Bantu-speaking peoples" as a 550 (see also tracing) under various "(African people)" headings such as Shona (African people).

49. ZIMBABWE TIMELINE OF THE shona STATES. indigenous people called the San. Shepherd nomads the Khoi - move south from Western africa. http://www.internetpuppets.org/afrzimbabwe.html

INTERNET PUPPET THEATER www.internetpuppets.org GLOBAL STUDIES ZIMBABWE KINGDOM OF THE SHONA PROLOGUE Time and space encapsulate a void in which an entire civilization can be lost for centuries. The Shona Empire encompassed the land mass of Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa. The cities of Mapungubwe, Thelamela and Great Zimbabwe were thriving commercial cities. Commercial traders transported their goods on the Shashe and Limpopo Rivers. These waterways connected the Shona with African east coast commercial trading centers which networked into the markets of India and China. The Shona people built hundreds of cities of stone, crowded with three story apartment complexes, housing tens of thousands of people. They tended vast herds of cattle and grew rich as the cattlemen of Africa. The history of Zimbabwe would be hidden from European perception until the twentieth century. This was the Shona Empire. MAP OF AFRICA THE KINGDOM OF THE SHONA THE KINGDOM OF THE SHONA TIMELINE OF THE SHONA STATES Indigenous people called the San.

50. Brandchannel.com | Country Branding | Eco Tourism| Brands | Brand | Branding The Mantis brand name has its origins in the lore of local indigenous people; shona Bagley, Group Editor at Conservation Corporation africa a group of http://www.brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=128

51. InfoHub Forums - Zimbabwe History And People Go Back, InfoHub Forums Destinations Forum Destination africa Zimbabwe Meanwhile, mass migrations of indigenous peoples took place. http://www.infohub.com/forums/showthread.php?goto=newpost&t=2839

52. Online Readings In Psychology And Culture, Unit 5, Chapter 2 in subSaharan africa have revealed that the indigenous people of that Conceptualizations of intelligence in among the shona of Zimbabwe span a http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~culture/Mpofu.htm

Mpofu Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (Unit 5, Chapter 2), ( http://www.wwu.edu/~culture ), Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington USA. Introduction to this collection and the form entitled " Agreement to Extend License to Use Work ." UNIT 5, CHAPTER 2 INDIGENIZATION OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Elias Mpofu Department of Counselor Education The Pennsylvania State University U.S.A. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Indigenization of Psychology of Human Intelligence in Sub-Saharan Africa: Some Representative Studies The study by Wober (1974) on conceptions of intelligence among the Baganda and the Batoro is probably among the most known of all African studies. Wober established that Ugandan Baganda and Batoro villagers described intelligence as socially oriented behavior of benefit to the collective. The Ugandans' view of intelligence as essentially social contrasted with the cognitivistic perception of intelligence in Western societies. Irvine's (1970, 1988) studies of intelligence among the Shona of Zimbabwe also established that they regarded intelligence as public-spirited behavior or achievements that benefit the group. According to Irvine, the Shona regarded intelligence to comprise ungwaru (dispositional intelligence), and

53. IPS- Regional Services- Asia -Pacific indigenous peoples DAY With Violent Greetings Sanjay Suri JOHANNESBURG,Aug 4 (IPS) Civil society in South africa has told government that the pace of http://www.ipsnews.net/africa.asp

Search Contacts Headlines news in English Svenska Italiano Deutsch Swahili Nederlands Arabic Suomi Japanese Homepage Global affairs Africa Asia-Pacific ... About IPS

54. Zimbabwe - Books, Maps And Atlases shona (Heritage Library of African peoples. Tonderai conveys a vivid senseof Zimbabwe the land and its indigenous people; readers feel they are http://www.africaguide.com/country/zimbab/books.htm

HOME CONTACT US LINK TO US NEWS LETTER ... CHARITIES Jump to a Country Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo Dem.Rep. Congo (Zaire) Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Bissau Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Reunion Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Zimbabwe INTRODUCTION VISITOR INFORMATION ACCOMMODATION CAR HIRE ... TOURS AND SAFARIS BOOKS AND MAPS MUSIC FORUM All the books recommended below are available from one of our Affiliate companies and when selected, the link will take you directly to the relevant page on our Affiliates' website where you will find prices and ordering details. A new browser window will fire up so you can return to this page at any time. I have personally used our Affiliate Companies for ordering my own books and maps and found their service to be first class, fast and reliable, and all the books I have received have arrived in good condition. However, please read our before ordering any goods Travel Guides Travel Guides Adventuring in Southern Africa : Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia, South Africa, Malawi, Lesotho, and Swaziland

55. Indigenous Peoples And Conservation indigenous peoples inhabit nearly 20 per cent of the planet, mainly in areas the Karen of Thailand, the shona people in Zimbabwe, the Kuna of Panama, http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Rainforest/indigeng.html

indigeng.html A WWF International Position Paper Indigenous Peoples and Conservation: WWF Statement of Principles Foreword Indigenous peoples inhabit nearly 20 per cent of the planet, mainly in areas where they have lived for thousands of years. Compared with protected area managers, who control about 6 per cent of the world's land mass, indigenous peoples are the earth's most important stewards. During more than three decades of conservation work, WWF has been approached by many indigenous and rural communities seeking collaboration on issues like protected area management and the conservation of natural resources. Notable amongst them are the Hupa Indians of northern California, the Inuit of Isabella Bay in Canada, the Zoque Indians of Mexico, the Karen of Thailand, the Shona people in Zimbabwe, the Kuna of Panama, the Shimshali of Pakistan, the Phoka people of northern Malawi, the Imagruen of Mauritania, the Ewenk of Siberia, and many others scattered all over the globe. WWF is, or has recently been, working with indigenous peoples in all regions of the world: in Europe, Latin America, North America, Asia, the Pacific, and Africa. WWF's views on the relationship between indigenous peoples and modern conservation have been touched upon in several of our recent publications. As a result of its central role in discussing indigenous peoples issues at the IV World Congress on National Parks and Protected Areas, WWF published the book The Law of the Mother, edited by Elizabeth Kemf, which collects and analyses experiences at the interface between indigenous peoples and conservation, including several project sites where WWF has been involved. In publications like Conservation with People and Forests For Life, WWF has expressed its conviction that indigenous peoples are crucial actors in conservation. Together with IUCN and UNEP, in Caring for the Earth WWF acknowledged the need for recognition "of the aboriginal rights of indigenous peoples to their lands and resources ... and to participate effectively in decisions affecting their lands and resources".

56. African Art On The Internet africa Talks.org an online and faceto-face community of people GautengCurios/shona Art Southern african soapstone and serpentine carvings, masks, http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/art.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... Topics: African Art on the Internet See also: South African Art Photographs Addis Art - Ethiopian Art and Artists Page Contemporary Ethiopian art and artists - paintings, sculptures and digital art work by students and professionals from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. University instructor, Getahun Assefa 's paintings , drawings, sculpture, digital art. Also work by his brother, Tesfaye Assefa. Based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [KF] http://www.addisart.com/ Addis Art - Nouveau Art from Ethiopia Artists include Shiferaw Girma and Lulseged Retta. Photographs of each artist's work, a biography, and video. Founded by Mesai Haileleul. [KF] http://www.addis-art.com/ Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Afewerk Tekle "Ethiopia’s leading artist." Biography, his paintings, sculptures, mosaics, murals, art in the artist's home. Afewerk created the stained-glass windows at the entrance of Africa Hall, headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. "In 1964, he became the first winner of the Haile Selassie I prize for Fine Arts." "In 2000, he was one of the few chosen World Laureates by the council of the ABI on the occasion of the 27th International Millennium Congress on the Arts and Communication in Washington DC." He painted Kwame Nkrumah's portrait and was awarded the American Golden Academy Award and the Cambridge Order of Excellence England. Prints of his work may be purchased online. http://www.afewerktekle.org

57. African Art Stone Sculptures And Carvings The Liberation War Years, Between 1973 and 1980, the indigenous people of shona sculpture is a profound expression of the African connection that leaps http://www.redeaglegallery.com/zimbabwe.cfm

Search our Galleries Stone Sculptures Hangings Masks Photo Tours ... Events Red Eagle Gallery 300 North Farish St. Unit A Jackson, MS 39202 Tuesday-Saturday 11:00 am - 5:30 pm Tel: 601 948-8946 Fax: 601 948-8947 e-mail us Home Shona Artists Contact Us ... Links Colors Of Zimbabwe Ukama as a way of fighting the different threats that would tear them apart, the Shona people developed an intricate and intellectually appealing social and spiritual customs of beliefs that support their philosophy today. Through their deep and sensitive values and traditions they have ensured their ancestral and cultural integrity for many years. Ukama means extended family. Many years ago, the whites came and took land that had no boundaries and set boundaries and formed countries. One of those countries was Rhodesia, named for a British settler named Cecil Rhodes. Rhodesia was a country of two parts, Northern and Southern. The Rhodesian Government, controlled by whites, instituted a form of servitude and segregation that was very harsh and cruel, it was called apartheid. This apartheid system was unjust and very oppressive to the native people of the land. The native people were not allowed to live in the best part of their own land. They were not allowed to vote and they were made to live on reservations that were called suburbs. They were not allowed to buy the same foods as the whites that were in power. Most of the people worked as domestics for whites or they worked on farms for the whites. Few had land that they farmed for themselves.

58. Unisa Online - Frontiers Of African Christianity It evocatively brings together the indigenous knowledges of church leaders andchiefs The product of a missionary home and fluent in shona, Inus Daneel, http://www.unisa.ac.za/default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=13519

59. African Initiated Churches (AICs) African Instituted Churches or African indigenous Churches) are African The shona prophet John of the Wilderness (Johane Masowe) expressed the same http://www.bethel.edu/~letnie/AfricanChristianity/SSAAICs.html

African Christianity Homepage Christianity in Africa South of the Sahara AICs Christianity in Africa South of the Sahara Homepage Roman Catholic Missions 1450-1890 Kongo Christianity Roman Catholic Missions 1890-1960 ... Protestant Missions 1890 - 1960 African Indpendent Churches African/Ethiopian Churches Aladura Zionists African Initiated Churches (AICs, since the initials can stand equally well for African Independent Churches, African Instituted Churches or African Indigenous Churches) are African churches which were founded by Africans and function without referring to western missions or churches. They range from churches that are indistinguishable from Mission churches to those which are really African traditional religions using Christian vocabulary. AICs are strongest and most numerous in Kenya, Nigeria and Southern Africa, though there are hardly any in Tanzania, Uganda, or Sierra Leone. Most AICs are protestant churches. As Adrian Hastings phrased it: "African Catholics were being good Catholics (putting the unity and authority of the Church first), African Protestants were being good Protestants, members of a tradition in which Church unity had always taken second place." [Hastings 528] Their protestant roots allowed the AICs to break away from the mission churches with few qualms. Most AICs share the protestant stress on the authority of the Bible, usually read literally. They differ from most mission churches in that they read the Bible with an African cultural background rather than a western cultural background, which made it easier to read some things literally than the missionaries.

60. Zimbabwe Lessons The early shona created Great Zimbabwe using stones with no mortar. Many peoplebelieve africa to be the birthplace of the human race. http://www.worldtrek.org/odyssey/teachers/zimblessons.html

The Achievements and Challenges of Zimbabwe The Odyssey is extremely grateful to the teachers at Bay Breeze Educational Resources for contributing these lessons for your use! Special thanks go to Maureen Carroll and Laurel Blaine. Learning objectives for students This unit is intended to focus on some of those aspects of Zimbabwean life and history that are of great significance to understanding the people of Zimbabwe today and their situation. By using or adapting the core lessons and activities, your students will learn about the following: I. Zimbabwe Today II. Women's Journal III. Land Redistribution IV. Lake Kariba and the Tonga Fishing People ... VII. Zimbabwe's Past Students will be encouraged to develop a critical stance toward information. They will learn to evaluate evidence, consider sources, and study a variety of differing viewpoints. The goal for these lessons in the Teacher Zone is for students to develop an understanding of the culture of Zimbabwe and to develop critical thinking skills such as analysis, synthesis and evaluation. Lessons and activities for students I. Introductory Activity - Zimbabwe Today

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