81. History - Senegal - Africa senegal, history. Remains of Paleolithic and Neolithic civilizations have beendiscovered by archaeologists in the region now occupied by senegal. http://www.countriesquest.com/africa/senegal/history.htm

you are here home Africa Senegal History Senegal, History Remains of Paleolithic and Neolithic civilizations have been discovered by archaeologists in the region now occupied by Senegal. About ad 500 Wolof and Serer peoples arrived from the northeast. In the 9th century Tukolor settled in the Senegal River valley, and the powerful Tekrur state of the Tukolor dominated eastern Senegal from the 11th to the 14th century. By the 15th century a pattern of Wolof and Serer states was well established there. Until far into the 18th century the decentralized Wolof empire near the coast retained nominal suzerainty over the other Wolof states, including those of Baol, Wale, and Cayor. deeper links European Rivalry French Rule Independence Regional Issues ... Political Developments search this website :: site map privacy legal

82. Africa Book Centre Ltd Politics CIVIL SOCIETY, GOOD GOVERNANCE AND THE CHALLENGES OF regional SECURITY IN WEST These seven essays focus on senegal, Ivory Coast, Burkina, Nigeria, http://www.africabookcentre.com/acatalog/PoliticsWest_Africa.html

Quick search Online Catalogue BROWSE BY COUNTRY AND REGION WEST AFRICA Politics 1991 Paperback 1994 Paperback 2003 Paperback 2003 Paperback 1999 Paperback 2001 paperback 2001 Paperback DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION IN ANGLOPHONE WEST AFRICA 2003 Paperback 2004 Hardback DYNAMICS OF RESOURCE TENURE IN WEST AFRICA 2002 paperback 2001 paperback 2001 paperback 2002 Paperback 2004 Paperback Online Catalogue BROWSE BY COUNTRY AND REGION WEST AFRICA Politics

83. French Illustrated Books Ratings, prices, handicap accessibility, parking, and regional history are includedin Separate chapters on the history, culture, and regional wines are http://www.continentalbook.com/catalog/french/frillustrated.html

ILLUSTRATED BOOKS TRAVEL BOOKS Texts in French MV3920 - NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS $74.95 Hardcover, oversized with dustcover, color illustrations.255 pages. ISBN:2732423920 This book contains enthralling photographs of the architecture and sculpture works of this renowned cathedral and describes the laborious construction that took several centuries to complete. LES PLUS BEAUX... $59.95 each Hardcover, oversized with dustcover, color illustrations 180 pp Each of these beautifully illustrated books contains the history and architecture of the edifices that were founded by different religious orders. Numerous photographs of the facades, interiors and surrounding landscapes give you a marvelous visual impression of these stunning examples of architecture. MV4614 - CATHÉDRALES DE FRANCE ISBN:2830704614 MV5459 - ABBAYES DE FRANCE ISBN:2830705459 EDDL4477 - VERSAILLES $39.95 J.F. Solnon, B. De Cessole, and F. Valloire. Hardcover, 295pp. ISBN:2842774477 Explore the luxurious rooms and grounds of Versailles through this book imbued with sumptuous photographs, and ancient texts brought to life. Learn about the history, architecture, gardens, and museums of this world-renown estate. HA5283 - LE GUIDE DU PATRIMOINE: CENTRE VAL DE LOIRE $39.95

84. Senegal (Africa) Genealogy: Resources For Family History Research senegal (Africa) Genealogy history Culture. Miscellaneous Resources.007 Web Directory Genealogy NedGen.com; Adoption Resources http://www.kindredtrails.com/senegal.html

Search Our Site powered by FreeFind Libraries, Archives Libraries Regional Archives National Archives Family History Centers LDS/Mormons familysearch.org Societies Newspapers Genealogy on CDRom Start your Genealogy Data CD collection now! Ancestry.com AncestryView CD-ROMs Now Available in the Online Store Genealogy.com Data CD SuperSale! More than 200 CDs on sale Genealogical Publishing Company Genealogical.com Space Senegal (Africa) Genealogy FREE 14-Day Access to almost 2 Billion Records @ Ancestry.com Census, Voter and Tax Records Military Records Directories General Resource Links African Genealogy - The Genealog Cyndi's List - Africa Comprehensive list of African genealogy sites on the Internet Database of African Genealogy Ancestry.com Ethnic Genealogy Resources African American Family Histories Ancestry.com

85. Senegal - Books, Maps And Atlases For Sale The Complete Guide To senegal Parrots is a must! history, Politics Economics An indepth study of the history of the upper coastal region of West http://www.africaguide.com/country/senegal/books.htm

HOME CONTACT US LINK TO US NEWS LETTER ... CHARITIES Jump to a Country Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo Dem.Rep. Congo (Zaire) Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Bissau Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Reunion Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Senegal Country Info INTRODUCTION VISITOR INFORMATION ACCOMMODATION TOURS AND SAFARIS ... FAVOURITE LINKS Shopping BOOKS AND MAPS MUSIC All the books recommended below are available from one of our Affiliate companies and when selected, the link will take you directly to the relevant page on our Affiliates' website where you will find prices and ordering details. A new browser window will fire up so you can return to this page at any time. I have personally used our Affiliate Companies for ordering my own books and maps and found their service to be first class, fast and reliable, and all the books I have received have arrived in good condition. However, please read our

86. Gambia, Africa - Books, Maps And Atlasesfor Sale Country Guides Maps history Politics Wildlife Flora This InsightGuide to The Gambia and senegal is fully updated throughout, http://www.africaguide.com/country/gambia/books.htm

HOME CONTACT US LINK TO US NEWS LETTER ... CHARITIES Jump to a Country Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo Dem.Rep. Congo (Zaire) Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Bissau Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Reunion Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe The Gambia INTRODUCTION VISITOR INFORMATION ACCOMMODATION TOURS AND SAFARIS ... LEISURE AND SPORT BOOKS AND MAPS MUSIC FAVOURITE LINKS ll the books recommended below are available from one of our Affiliate companies and when selected, the link will take you directly to the relevant page on our Affiliates' website where you will find prices and ordering details. A new browser window will fire up so you can return to this page at any time. I have personally used our Affiliate Companies for ordering my own books and maps and found their service to be first class, fast and reliable, and all the books I have received have arrived in good condition. However, please read our

87. University Of Chicago: Department Of Anthropology: About The Department history of development, international health); Erik Brodnax senegal (healing, Maureen Anderson - Abidjan Agni Region of M’batto, Cote d’Ivoire; http://anthropology.uchicago.edu/about/africa.shtml

Africa East Asia Western Europe Native North America ... Oceania, Australia, New Zealand University of Chicago Anthropologists who work in Africa Faculty Students: Preparing for the field In the field ... Recent PhDs Faculty: Jean Comaroff - Barolong, Botswana/South Africa; South Wales (UK); (history, colonialism and postcolonialism, ritual, medicine, the body, neoliberalism, crime, policing and public order) John Comaroff - Barolong (Tswana), Botswana/South Africa; (political and legal systems, historical anthropology, colonialism and postcoloniality, modernity and the politics of identity) Michael Dietler - Southern France; Kenya (Luo); (Archaeology and ethnoarchaeology, colonialism and postcoloniality, political economy, consumption, ritual, material culture, memory, identity politics) Kesha D. Fikes - Cape Verde Islands, Lusophone Africa, Portugal; (race and the bureaucracies of spatial mobility, the relationship between colonial migrant labor projects and post-colonial/post-independence migrant labor phenomena) James Fernandez - Gabon, Dahomey, Togo, Ghana, Natal; Asturias, Spain; Ethnohistorical research in Madrid, Barcelona, Castile, Hamburg, Berlin, Frankfort, Cologne, Paris

88. Senegal - History The banks of the senegal River have been inhabited for many centuries by peopleswho had This group of countries make up the region known as the Sahel. http://gbgm-umc.org/country_profiles/countries/sen/History.stm

Senegal Sénégal The banks of the Senegal River have been inhabited for many centuries by peoples who had been Islamicized through contact with neighboring Arab countries. This group of countries make up the region known as the Sahel. The Wolof (who constitute more than a third of the population), Fulani, Pulaar and other peoples, all lived within the area of modern Senegal. When the French occupied the area during the 17th century, they incorporated it into the triangular world trade pattern of the time: European manufactured goods were exchanged for slaves, sold in the Antilles, where colonial European powers produced rum and sugar, which were sold back in Europe. After slavery was abolished by the French revolution of 1848, the Senegalese became ‘second class citizens’ of the French Empire, with one political representative in Paris. At this time Senegal exported thousands of tons of peanuts per year and supplied the French army with soldiers. During the second half of the 19th century, there were frequent rebellions among the Muslim leaders, and it was only in 1892 that the French managed to fully ‘pacify’ the country. The Pan-African movement inspired Senegalese Léopold Sédar Senghor and Martinique's Aimé Césaire, and together in Paris, they created the concept of négritude, an idea first presented to public opinion in 1933. Négritude stood against the imposition of French cultural patterns, which were enforced throughout the colonies. The concept was designed to serve as ‘an effective liberation tool’. In Senghor's view, it had to escape ‘peculiarism’ and find a place within contemporary movements of solidarity, that is, to achieve a definite political profile.

89. BBC NEWS | World | Africa | Senegal's Southern Rebellion Starts To End A 22year insurgency in southern senegal appears to be drawing to a close, The Casamance region is, by a quirk of colonial history, separated from the http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4102267.stm

Home TV Radio Talk ... Newswatch LANGUAGES Arabic Somali French More Last Updated: Thursday, 16 December, 2004, 17:50 GMT E-mail this to a friend Printable version Senegal's southern rebellion starts to end By Mark Doyle BBC World Affairs Correspondent One of west Africa's longest-running insurgencies, in southern Senegal, appears to be drawing to a close. The Senegalese army was accused of being heavy-handed A violent pro-independence movement that began in 1982 in the southern Casamance region has been gradually diminishing in strength and for the past two years there has been relative calm. A new study published by the UK-based think tank, the Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA), said the current calm in Casamance presents "the most favourable opportunity yet for peace". Later this month the Senegalese President, Abdoulaye Wade, may travel to the Casamance regional capital Ziguinchor to sign a peace deal with the political leader of the rebels, Father Diamacoune Senghor. But this ceremony probably will not mean the final end of the troubles. It is unclear exactly which of the factions of the armed wing of the rebels support Father Diamacoune, and there have been broken deals in the past.

90. REGIONAL OFFICE FOR AFRICA (RAF) Subregional workshop on land and water resources information systems for FAO in collaboration with the Centre de Suivi Ecologique du senegal (CSE) http://www.fao.org/world/regional/raf/workprog/agric/land_en.htm

About RAF Work Programme Field Activities Statutory Bodies ... Farming Systems Land Resource Units Water Resources Economics and Social Fisheries Forestry ... Home lAND Resources Unit About the Landl Resources Unit Publications Contacts About the Land Resources Unit The Soil Resources unit is part of the Agriculture Group of FAO's Regional Office for Africa (RAFA) and belongs to Land and Plant Nutrition Management Service (AGLL) of Land and WAter Division (AGL). Technical assistance within this Unit is focuses on : (i) inventory of soil resources, (ii) assessment of land degradation and desrtification control, (iii) preserving and improving land and soil productivity, (iv) development of soil fertility and plant nutrients policies and planning, (v) development of land information systems, databases and statistics, (vi) supporting the formulation (SPFS), emergency and relief operations from the perspectives of land issues. Assistance in capacity building and standardization in the domain of soil resources evaluation and land management is provided through statutory sessions. Two-Sub-Committees originated from the Seventh FAO Regional Conference for Africa in 1972 have been set-up, with the following updated objectives

91. Dakar, Regional Delegation (Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Senegal) Nearly 40 officers from Cape Verde, GuineaBissau, Mali and senegal attended.The regional delegation also organized a seminar in Bamako (Mali) in June for http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList140/EF4B1B4616AB442EC1256B660059

About the ICRC ICRC activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Print this page Annual Report Dakar, regional delegation (Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Senegal) IN 1994 THE ICRC: - visited 32 detainees in Gambia; - visited 14 detainees in Guinea-Bissau; - visited 64 detainees in Mali. Introduction The main concerns of the ICRC in this region were the political instability in Gambia, where the government was overthrown in July and an unsuccessful coup took place in November, disturbances and arrests in Senegal, and the deterioration of the situation in northern Mali. The regional delegation pursued its activities aimed at supporting the National Societies of the region and disseminating humanitarian law. In January a regional workshop was held in Dakar to present a training programme in humanitarian law to the armed forces of West Africa. Nearly 40 officers from Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mali and Senegal attended. The regional delegation also organized a seminar in Bamako (Mali) in June for the security and police forces of ten French- and Portuguese-speaking West African countries. The programme covered the application of humanitarian law, human rights and the maintenance of law and order. Another seminar was held in Dakar in July for the Presidents and Secretaries General of the National Societies of Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali and Senegal. CAPE VERDE GAMBIA GUINEA-BISSAU MALI ... SENEGAL CAPE VERDE The situation in Cape Verde remained calm in 1994. The ICRC helped the Red Cross of Cape Verde complete its radio network, thus enabling the National Society's branches on all major islands to communicate by HF radio with its headquarters and with the ICRC regional delegation in Dakar.

92. Dakar, Regional Delegation (Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali And Senegal) Besides dealing with these particular priorities, the Dakar regional delegation in Gambia, GuineaBissau, Mali and senegal, distributed various types of http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList150/CB58B62EEEACCE03C1256B66005A

About the ICRC ICRC activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Print this page Annual Report Dakar, regional delegation (Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali and Senegal) First visits to detainees in Senegal In Senegal, the ICRC's main concern was to have access to the people detained in connection with the situation in Casamance. After repeated requests, the ICRC obtained written permission from the authorities in April. The first visits were made in May and June to two places of detention in Dakar and Ziguinchor; they took place in accordance with the ICRC's customary procedures. In addition, sporadic clashes between the army and the MDFC* in Casamance continued to affect the civilian population, particularly by barring access to certain villages and agricultural areas. The Senegalese Red Cross Society, with the help of the ICRC, distributed ad hoc food aid to civilian victims of the fighting. Besides dealing with these particular priorities, the Dakar regional delegation continued throughout the year to promote humanitarian law and encouraged its implementation at the national level, providing the advisory services offered to States to that effect. The ICRC also continued, within its area of competence, to support National Societies in the region. In 1996 the ICRC: - in Senegal, made its first visit in May and June to 138 people held in Dakar and 45 people held in Ziguinchor; a second visit was made in December;

93. History (Select the blank if you do not wish to limit by region.) Select search filters . French senegal River and, in the18th century, the Congo River. http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/cm/history/TransAtlanticSlaveTradeGuide.html

Hours Ask a Librarian Online Requests Remote Logon ... Search A Quick Guide to Using the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade CD-ROM The CD-Rom is loaded on workstations in Library West, Reference Area , computers # C-1 and # C-2. The CD itself may be checked out for three days from Library West, Reserve A copy of the Manual and Codebook is available from Library West, Reference Reserve The database is a spreadsheet showing 27,233 voyages (rows) and 227 variables of voyage information (columns). HOME SCREEN Has navigational buttons to all areas on the CD-ROM QUERY SCREEN For custom and/or predefined searches When you enter the Query Screen for the first time, all the voyages are displayed. TO SEARCH: Select the time period from the drop-down menu. (If a second drop-town menu appears, select time period from this as well. Select the region to be searched. Choose region parameters from the first region drop-down menu, Then select the region name in the second region drop-down menu.

94. Celebrating Black History The Chattanooga regional history Museum in Tennessee will showcase Black DiamondDays A history of the Negro Baseball Leagues from February 1 to April 30 http://www.cnn.com/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/9702/black.history.events/

February 1, 1997 (CNN) The beginning of February marks the start of the annual Black History Month celebration in the United States. However, across the nation, cities and groups recognize and honor the achievements of African Americans year round. Below are some coming attractions to check out during the month of February and beyond. You can scroll this list or jump to an event by clicking on any of the following states: Tennessee North Carolina Georgia Washington, D.C. ... Alaska The Chattanooga Regional History Museum in Tennessee will showcase "Black Diamond Days: A History of the Negro Baseball Leagues" from February 1 to April 30. The exhibit will feature artifacts and photographs and is being held in conjunction with the Negro League Historical Society. Legendary player and coach Buck O'Neill will give a talk at the museum on February 9. For more information, call (423) 265-3247. Related site: Chattanooga Chamber of Commerce Greensboro, North Carolina , is holdings its African American Arts Festival through March 16. The festival features a series of ten major arts events, including music, dance and theater productions as well as visual art exhibitions. For more information, call (910) 333-7440. Related site: The City of Greensboro The High Museum of Art in Atlanta exhibits "Alone in a Crowd: Prints by African-American Artists of the 1930s-40s" from February 11 through March 23. This exhibition, from the collection of Reba and Dave Williams, features 106 prints by 45 artists. For more information, call (404) 733-4400. Related site:

95. Ford Foundation: The International Fellowships Program (IFP) COUNTRY senegal. Name, Home Region, Proposed Field of Study Ponciano DelPino Huam¶n, Huamanga, Ayacucho (Sierra), history / Political Violence http://www.fordfound.org/news/more/11272000ifp/list_of_fellows_2001.cfm

General site pages FF Grants FF Report Articles eLibrary Printer-Friendly Version E-Mail This Page Introduction and Guidelines Press Release FAQs Commentary IFP Offices The Fellows List of 96 Fellows FIRST AWARD WINNERS - JUNE 2001 On June 21, 2001, the Ford Foundation International Fellowships Program announced its first 96 Fellows. These award winners will be supported for up to three years of graduate study anywhere in the world. See 2002 IFP fellows Ford Foundation Region: Vietnam COUNTRY: VIETNAM Name Home Region Proposed Field of Study Tran Tuan Anh Soc Trang Community Development Tam Bo Bier Lam Dong Environment and Development / Biology Tou Plui Broh Lam Dong Community Development / Medical Le Thi My Hien Ho Chi Minh Community Development Dang Nang Hoa Ho Chi Minh Social Sciences and Humanities Dinh Huu Hoang Dac Lac Environment and Development / Forestry Dao Thi Thanh Huong Ho Chi Minh Society and Culture / Ethnology Mul Loi Lam Dong Nguyen Thi Anh Nguyet Ho Chi Minh Buon Krong Tuyet Nhung Dac Lac Tuyet Hoa Niekdam Dac Lac Development Finance and Economic Security Ho Thanh My Phuong Tinh An Giang Education Curriculum Reform for Secondary Teachers Van Ngoc Sang Dac Lac Education Reform Nguyen Duc Tho An Hoa Education Reform / Physics Tran Nguyen Thanh Thu Ho Chi Minh Media / Library Hoang Thi Thu Thai Nguyen Development Finance and Economic Security Doan Thi Tuyen Ha noi Vo Thi Hoang Yen Ho Chi Minh Community Development / Disability Discrimination Ford Foundation Region: West Africa COUNTRY: GHANA

96. Population Index - Volume 56 - Number 1 The demographic history of a village in the French Pyrenees from 1618 to 1975 is regional change in a preindustrial economy wealth and population in http://popindex.princeton.edu/browse/v56/n1/i.html

Volume 56 - Number 1 - Spring 1990 I. Historical Demography and Demographic History Studies dealing with the demographic events of any given period from the early historical to the modern, defined as being World War I. I.1. General Historical Demography Comprehensive surveys, notes of sources, and items on the state of research. Particularly concerned with the period before modern vital registration was introduced and censuses were taken. Historical items that primarily pertain to one specific demographic variable are classified first under the specific heading and then cross-referenced to this heading. Cordell, Dennis D.; Gregory, Joel W. Earlier African historical demographies. Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue Canadienne des Etudes Africaines, Vol. 23, No. 1, 1989. 5-27 pp. Toronto, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre. This article is an attempt to synthesize the papers contributed to the Second International Congress of the Society for Historical Demography and a workshop on African historical demography held in Paris, France, in June 1987. The main themes being pursued by researchers in African historical demography are identified, sources of data are described, and some methods of data analysis are outlined. Correspondence: D. D. Cordell, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275.

97. CRL - CAMP / Title VI African Archives Projects history. The African Archives cooperative projects began in 1993. As a regionof interest, senegal is a particularly target rich area, http://www.crl.edu/areastudies/CAMP/relatedprojects/t6archives.htm

about CRL membership collections preservation ... sales quick links CRL Catalog Foreign Newspaper Database Area Studies Purchase Proposal Form Area Studies Program Page ... CAMP/Title VI African Archives Cooperative Projects Close this browser window to return to the CRL web site Cooperative Africana Microform Project (CAMP) CAMP / Title VI National Resource Centers for African Studies African Archives Cooperative Projects In cooperation with the Title VI National Resource Centers for African Studies, CAMP has embarked on an initiative to work together with institutions in Francophone West Africa to preserve materials on microfilm for historians in Africa and North America. History Archives Project, 1995-2000 Justice Indigene Title VI cooperation Archives Project, 2000-2004

98. Introduction Of The Groundnut To The Gambia marketing and trade center in the region, especially for groundnut products.The French in senegal actively promoted the spread of peanut production and http://www.afrol.com/archive/groundnuts_gambia.htm

History The introduction of the Groundnut to The Gambia In the Western Sudan, the groundnut is one of the most important cash crops and food staple nowadays. Unlike the African bambara groundnut, it is not an indigenous species, but was brought by Portuguese traders from the Americas in the 16th century. It quickly spread through the Sudan due to its high nutrition values, draught resistance and later, as a product of long distance trade for its oils. Now it is one of the main agricultural products of landscapes that far apart as The Gambia and Northern Cameroon. Related items Pages The Gambia Economic history of rural Gambia Land Use in The Gambia Map of The Gambia ... Ingredients - groundnut Articles How cashew production in Mozambique came to an end Library Fyhri (1998) The Gambia: The complexity of modernising the agricultural Sector in Africa , thesis in geography, University of Oslo. Origins The groundnuts or peanuts are originally South American, were they were grown by Indian communities. It was introduced to West-Africa (first the Senegambia area) by the Portuguese in the 16th century. Here it spread quickly, though faster in the interior of Africa than along the coast. Cultivation on a larger scale began before 1830 in Senegambia, mostly as insurance against failure of the millet harvest, because of it's resistance to drought. The first small exports from Senegambia to Europe were reported from the year 1830. There fallowed a boom in exports when the potentials for peanut oil was realized. I industrializing Europe there now was an ever-growing demand for lubricating oils. Further, oils were needed in the production of soap, as there at the same time was massive campaigning for new standards of hygiene. And of course, vegetable oils were needed for cooking.

99. AEGiS: Senegal Information about senegal. with the vast deserts that surround senegal.The country brings in more visitors than any other country in the region. http://www.aegis.com/countries/senegal.html

Local time in Dakar: Facts and Figures Official Name Republic of Senegal. Capital City Dakar. Languages French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka. Official Currency Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States. Ethnic Groups Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%. Religions Muslim 94%, indigenous beliefs 1%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic). Population 10,589,571 (July 2002 est.). Land Area 192,530 sq km (74,336 sq miles). History Independent from France in 1960, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. However, the envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. Despite peace talks, a southern separatist group sporadically has clashed with government forces since 1982. Senegal has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping. UNAIDS Epidemiological Fact Sheets [English] [French] Global Surveillance of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a joint effort of WHO and UNAIDS. The UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance, initiated in November 1996, guides respective activities. The primary objective of the working group is to strengthen national, regional and global structures and networks for improved monitoring and surveillance of HIV/AIDS and STIs. For this purpose, the working group collaborates closely with national AIDS programmes and a number of national and international experts and institutions. The goal of this collaboration is to compile the best information available and to improve the quality of data needed for informed decision-making and planning at national, regional and global levels. The Epidemiological Fact Sheets are one of the products of this close and fruitful collaboration across the globe.

100. Senegambia And The Atlantic Slave Trade - Cambridge University Press Taking as its subject the vast area covering the senegal and Gambia river Argues cogently for the region of Senegambia as a coherent historical entity http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521592267

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