1. Jazz - History - Regional History - Norbert Ruecker - Books Videos Jazz History Regional History Nantes 1996. 79 p. Pictorial history of jazz in Saint-Louis (Senegal), showcasing local musicians and visiting http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

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10. History Of Senegal Provides a history of senegal from the 11th Century to the present. He hasa strong interest in raising senegal’s regional and international profile. http://www.historyofnations.net/africa/senegal.html

History of Senegal Site Links Home Search this Site History Posters Africa ... Privacy Policy Archaeological findings throughout the area indicate that Senegal was inhabited in prehistoric times. Islam established itself in the Senegal River valley in the 11th century; 95% of Senegalese today are Muslims. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the area came under the influence of the Mandingo empires to the east; the Jolof Empire of Senegal also was founded during this time. In January 1959, Senegal and the French Soudan merged to form the Mali Federation, which became fully independent on June 20, 1960, as a result of the independence and the transfer of power agreement signed with France on April 4, 1960. Due to internal political difficulties, the Federation broke up on August 20, 1960. Senegal and Soudan (renamed the Republic of Mali) proclaimed independence. Leopold Sedar Senghor, internationally known poet, politician, and statesman, was elected Senegal's first President in August 1960. The Socialist Party dominated the National Assembly until April 2001, when in free and fair legislative elections, President Wade’s coalition won a majority (89 of 120 seats). The Cour de Cassation (Highest Appeals Court, equivalent to the U.S. Supreme Court) and the Constitutional Council, the justices of which are named by the president, are the nation's highest tribunals. Senegal is divided into 11 administrative regions, each headed by a governor appointed by and responsible to the president. The law on decentralization, which came into effect in January 1997, distributed significant central government authority to regional assemblies.

11. Senegal | Catholic Relief Services history Located in western Africa, senegal is a flat, semiarid country, In addition to food security, CRS has also taken a regional approach to http://www.crs.org/our_work/where_we_work/overseas/africa/senegal/index.cfm

new COOLjsMenu("menu1", MENU_ITEMS_POSITIONING1) PRINT PAGE E-MAIL PAGE Home Our Work Where We Work Overseas ... Senegal In collaboration with its local partners, Catholic Relief Services' activities in Senegal aim to improve the lives of the nation's poor, help restore and preserve their dignity, and help them realize their full potential. CRS' programs and activities in food security, natural resource management, local institutional development, training, income generation, Peacebuilding, and rehabilitation are contributing to creating and enabling a sustainable environment for development. As a result of these activities, some of Senegal's poor and marginalized now have the opportunity to live in dignity and have hope for a better future. Our Work At A Glance While CRS/Senegal's programs are concentrated in four key areas: Health, Microfinance, Agriculture, and Justice and Peace, the Senegal office occasionally responds to emergencies in Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, and Guinea. Examples of emergency activities include: Because of CRS and its local partners' work, some of Senegal’s poor and marginalized now have the opportunity to live in dignity and have hope for a better future.

12. Senegal - History And Politics The 1970s marked an important time in the political history of senegal owing to its senegal’s relationship with neighbours, regional bodies and http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Senegal/Politics.html

Geographic Map General Information Geography Natural resources ... Sources Senegal - History and Politics Constitution adopted March 1963, revised 1991 Legal system - based on the Napoleonic Code and the 1963 constitution Legislative branch - National Assembly (140 seats); Senate (48 seats) Elections - Legislative, last held May 1998; Presidential, last held March 2000 Political groupings and alliances Parti socialiste (PS, the dominant party in the National Assembly) (PIT) (LD-MPT) (PLS) History The Republic of Senegal is the most westerly state of Africa. It covers an area of 196,722 sq. km (75,955sq miles). The May 1988 population census of Senegal stood at 6,896,808 and an estimated 8,152,000 at mid-1993. The southern border of Senegal is first with Guinea-Bissau and then with Guinea on the northern edge of the outcrop of Fouta Djallon. It shares its eastern border with Mali, the northern border with Mauritania and Gambia forms a semi-enclave between part of southern Senegal and the sea. It is bordered on its western side by the Atlantic Ocean. Pre-colonial history It is now known that Senegal has been inhabited since Paleolithic and Neolithic period This has been evidenced by the discovery of household implements and tools and stone circles. Added to these discoveries are copper and iron objects, which have been discovered in the Sine-Saloum region. One of the major ethnic groups the Tukulor occupied the lower Senegal Valley since the 11

13. Senegal (08/05) Facts about the land, people, history, government, political conditions, He has a strong interest in raising senegal’s regional and international http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2862.htm

Bureau of Public Affairs Electronic Information and Publications Office Background Notes Bureau of African Affairs August 2005 Background Note: Senegal PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Senegal Geography Area: 196,840 sq. km. (76,000 sq. mi.), about the size of South Dakota. Cities: Capital Dakar. Other cities Diourbel, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Rufisque, Saint-Louis, Thies, Tambacounda, Ziguinchor. Terrain: Flat or rising to foothills. Climate: Tropical/Saheliandesert or grasslands in the north, heavier vegetation in the south and southeast. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Senegalese (sing. and pl.). Population (2002 est.): 10 million. Annual growth rate: 1.9%. Ethnic groups: Wolof 43%; Fulani (Peulh) and Toucouleur 23%; Serer 15%; Diola, Mandingo, and others 19%. Religions: Muslim 95%, Christian 4%, traditional 1%. Languages: French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Serer, Diola, Mandingo, Soninke. Education: Attendance primary 75.8%, middle school 26.5%, secondary 11% (estimated). Literacy Health: Infant mortality rate Life expectancy 52 yrs.

14. Senegal In recent history, there have been no major expropriations in senegal. During theperiod 197375, regional Stock Exchange (BRVM), headquartered in http://www.state.gov/e/eb/ifd/2005/42110.htm

Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs Finance and Development Organization Investment Affairs ... Investment Climate Statements: 2005 Senegal 2005 INVESTMENT CLIMATE STATEMENT SENEGAL Senegal offers investors political stability, democracy, advanced telecommunications infrastructure, an advantageous geographic location, a bilateral investment treaty with the United States, low inflation, a currency pegged to the euro, easy repatriation of capital and income and abundant semi- skilled and unskilled human resources. Despite these obvious strengths, overly rigid and demanding labor laws, lack of clear title to property outside the greater Dakar area and an inefficient, and occasionally corrupt, judiciary have restrained foreign investment. Judicial, tax, customs and regulatory decisions are frequently inconsistent, tardy and non-transparent. Although Senegal does have a "one-stop" investment agency, it can still take well over a year to start a business. The country's Investment Code offers incentives to companies willing to locate outside the Cap Vert peninsula on which Dakar is located. Senegal accepts binding foreign

15. Western And Central Sudan, 1600Ð1800 A.D. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metro Encompasses presentday Gambia, Guinea, Mali, senegal, Burkina Faso, The regionsuffers an overall decline in regional trade and political stability. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/09/sfw/ht09sfw.htm

Encompasses present-day Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Niger, and eastern Chad See also Central Africa Eastern Africa Guinea Coast , and Southern Africa The Moroccan invasion at the end of the sixteenth century destroys the Songhai empire and creates a period of social and political instability that provides an opportunity for the formation of other states such as . Increased contact with European merchants along the Atlantic coast draws trade away from traditional routes in the interior, and increased slave trading causes hardship among the local populations. The continuing spread of Islam throughout the region results in two waves of militant Muslim reform leading to the creation of several theocratic states. The Moroccan army occupies the former Songhai empire, including the great trading centers of Jenne , Timbuktu, and Gao . The sultanate installs a class of foreign rulers called the arma , who assert a tenuous control over the region. Their power is challenged from within by the increasingly dominant military, while Tuareg and non-Muslim Bamana aggressors exert steady military pressure from without. The region suffers an overall decline in regional trade and political stability. The first large-scale Bamana state The English build Fort St. James on the mouth of the River Gambia, giving it access to the Sudanic trade routes of the interior.

16. Western And Central Sudan, 1800-1900 A.D. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metrop Timeline of Art history World Map regional Map By the end of the century,senegal emerges as France s most productive and populous colony, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/10/sfw/ht10sfw.htm

Encompasses present-day Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Niger, and eastern Chad See also Central Africa Eastern Africa Guinea Coast , and Southern Africa Jenne and Timbuktu . By the end of the century, Senegal emerges as France's most productive and populous colony, with important mercantile centers located at Dakar and Saint-Louis along the coast. Building on Islamic Fulani The Mossi kingdoms of Yatenga and Ouagadougou, in what is today Burkina Faso, disintegrate. The agrarian Lobi peoples migrate into the Upper Volta region from present-day Ghana. Due to the British- and French-enforced ban on the international slave trade, slave exports in the region of Senegambia (present-day Senegal and the Gambia) are replaced by local products such as gum, gold, hides, ivory, beeswax, and groundnuts. By the 1830s, the average annual value of gum exports is five times what the slave trade was at its peak. Political stability resulting from the establishment of Islamic states in the Futa Jallon region allows Sudanic peoples access to the West African coast in Senegambia and what is today Guinea and Guinea-Bissau, influencing coastal peoples such as the Baga and Nalu. Sculptural forms and styles associated with inland cultures are integrated into the artistic practices of local peoples. Reflecting the presence of foreign populations are masks such as dimba created by the Baga and Nalu peoples that appear to represent Fulbe women originating from the Futa Jallon area. Other works by Baga and Nalu sculptors exhibit stylistic elements associated with Bamana art in present-day Mali such as horizontally oriented masks representing composites of animal forms.

17. Study Abroad Senegal - Summer senegal South Africa Political history Contemporary Culture SubjectsAreas Cultural/regional Studies, history, Political Science, Politics http://www.studyabroad.com/simplehtml/whitesummer/Senegal_summ.html

Study Abroad: Senegal - Summer Study Abroad Program Information Courtesy of Studyabroad.com You may also wish to visit our Study Abroad in Senegal Portal Page African American Studies Program PO Box 497327 Chicago, IL 60649 USA Phone Where: Senegal, Ivory Coast, Mali, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Cameroon, Mozambique, Namibia, When: Summer, Winter, Spring, Fall Educational / Travel Programs to Africa, Cuba and Brazil : Multiple programs year round, 1 to 4 weeks in length; for academic credit. Offers an intense immersion in and exposure to traditional and modern life, a unique educational experience that is both career-enhancing and profoundly personal and relevant in our Global Village. Select from among several different travel itineraries, program themes, and dates year round. Subjects Areas : History,Political Science, Politics,Economics,Comparative Literature,French (Language, Literature, Studies),International Studies,Cultural/Regional Studies Fort Valley State University Health Center1005 State University Dr Fort Valley, GA 31030-3298 USA

18. Senegal | The Cap Vert Region Geography of senegal The cap vert region. Population Geography history Parks and reserves Fauna and flora regional maps Maps of cities http://www.au-senegal.com/decouvrir_en/geo_capvert.htm

Real Estate Business Photo Gallery Ecards Senegal in the world Associations Forum Search The region of Cap Vert Population Geography History Parks and reserves ... Casamance The Cap-Vert peninsula, that protects Dakar, the capital of Senegal, constituted the western tip of the African continent. It limits the boundary between the large beaches of the north (the Grande-Cote), where the sea is often rough, and the Petite-Cote , that extends almost 70 km south of Dakar. The peninsula is delimited by two capes: the point of the Almadies to the west, and to the north by the beaches of N'Gor, Yoff and Camberene, and to the south by the Cape Manuel north of which begins the city of Dakar. Map of Senegal Plan of Dakar Goree, historical patrimony Lake Rose ... Top of page

19. Senegal Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide senegal s recorded history dates from the 8th century, when it was part of theempire The food in senegal is generally very good. regional specialities http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/senegal/printable.htm

@import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_structure.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_theme.css"; worldguide shop thorn tree forum travel services ... travel links Explore Senegal Senegal Senegal's popularity is hardly suprising, thanks to its natural good looks. View Map Click here Feature Attraction Parc National des Oiseaux du Djoudj From November to April, some three million birds migrating south from Europe stop here, because... more > WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Image Gallery Events Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links At a Glance Fast Facts Tropical Senegal is lauded for beauties both natural and urbane. With its suave capital, Dakar - many travellers' favourite amongst the larger African cities - and its entourage of internationally known musicians, Senegal brings in more visitors than any other country in the region. Much of its lands are lush and vital, especially when compared to the deserts that surround it. Many of its visitors are package tourists soaking up the sunshine in upscale hotels, but the best of Senegal - a good wander through its streets and plains - is free. Conflict in Casamance Land mines planted during the recent government/rebel dispute are the biggest threat to safety in the Casamance region. Isolated violence by separatist rebel groups and bandits can still occur in the north.

20. DeuD The West African regions of Senegambia (senegal, Gambia, GuineaBissau) and the regional history / ETHNOhistory / HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY in historically http://bremer-stiftung.de/Themenvorschlaege.htm

B R E M E R S T I F T U N G F Ü R K U L T U R - U N D S O Z I A L A N T H R O P O L O G I E HOME S UGGESTIONS FOR R ESEARCH: T OPICS WEST AFRICA The West African regions of Senegambia (Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau) and the Western Sudan (Mali, eastern Guinea, etc.) feature a wide variety of 'traditional' social systems and cultures. We find various systems of kinship (patrilineal, matrilineal and mixed forms), of political centralisation (from 'acephalous' to 'state'), different artistic expressions, ecological habitats, agricultural and economic specialisation, etc. Both regions are also endowed with comparatively abundant historical sources (medieval Arab geographers, Portuguese navigators of the fifteenth century, European and Cape-Verdian traders, etc.). These afford us with a considerable time-depth of textual documentation. All of these features render the region an ideal location for social/cultural-anthropological studies, both synchronic and diachronic, as well as for historical studies. An even greater time-depth is attained by archaeology, for which the region also offers great prospects. Quite some research has already been carried out in and near the flood plains of the rivers

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