61. Saudi Arabia Enters The 21st Century - Burke Chair In Strategy - Center For Stra This examination of the strategic future of saudi arabia includes saudi The Lessons of the War in Kosovo A detailed analysis of the history and conduct http://www.csis.org/burke/saudi21/

Burke Chair in Strategy Overview The Gulf In Transition Homeland Defense Middle East Energy Project ... Contact CSIS 1800 K Street, NW Suite 400 Washington, DC 20006 P: 202.887.0200 F: 202.775.3199 Directions to CSIS Contact the Webmaster Saudi Arabia Enters the 21st Century Click here to see Reports Project Introduction CSIS is undertaking a new project to examine the trends shaping the future of Saudi Arabia and its impact on the stability of the Gulf. This project is supported by the Smith Richardson Foundation and builds on the work done for the CSIS Strategic Energy Initiative, the CSIS Net Assessment of the Middle East, and the Gulf in Transition Project. It is being conducted in conjunction with a separate - but closely related study called the Middle East Energy and Security Project. The project is being conducted by Anthony H. Cordesman, the Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy, It uses a net assessment approach that looks at all of the major factors affecting Saudi Arabia's strategic, political, economic, and military position and future implications of current trends. It is examining the internal stability and security of Saudi Arabia, social and demographic trends, and the problem of Islamic extremism. It is also examining the changes taking place in the Saudi economy and petroleum industries, the problems of Saudisation, changes in export and trade patterns, and Saudi Arabia's new emphasis on foreign investment.

62. History Of Saudi Arabia -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article history of saudi arabia. Categories history of the Middle East, role inregional politics and international economic and financial matters. http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_saudi_arabia.htm

History of Saudi Arabia [Categories: History of the Middle East, Arab-Israeli conflict, Saudi Arabia] (A record or narrative description of past events) History of (An absolute monarchy occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula in southwest Asia; vast oil reserves dominate the economy) Saudi Arabia Except for a few major cities and oases, the harsh climate historically prevented much settlement of the Arabian Peninsula. People of various cultures have lived in the peninsula over a span of more than 5,000 years. The (Click link for more info and facts about Dilmun) Dilmun culture, along the Gulf coast, was contemporaneous with the (An area in the southern region of Babylonia in present-day Iraq; site of the Sumerian civilization of city-states that flowered during the third millennium BC) Sumer ians and ancient (A republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC) Egypt ians, and most of the empires of the ancient world traded with the states of the peninsula. (Leader of Black Muslims who campaigned for independence for Black Americans (1897-1975)) Muhammad 's founding of (The monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran) Islam in the (Click link for more info and facts about 620s) of the current era, and the subsequent religious importance of the Arabian cities of

63. Saudi Arabia Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide Although Riyadh has officially been the capital of saudi arabia since 1932, The Jeddah Museum, the regional museum of archaeology and ethnography, http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/middle_east/saudi_arabia/attractions.ht

@import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_structure.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_theme.css"; worldguide shop thorn tree forum travel services ... travel links Explore Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Sure, there's the undulating sand, but there's archeology and technology too. View Map Click here Feature Attraction National Museum On no account should you miss the exceptional, state-of-the-art National Museum. The eight galleries... more > WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Image Gallery Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links At a Glance Fast Facts Arabia has intrigued travellers for centuries. Its vast swathes of desert were the swaddling clothes of infant Islam, the Arab race and of Arabic, a language considered holy by Muslims. It's also home to two of Islam's holiest cities and a host of modern, thriving, oil-rich metropolises. Foreigners Targeted Following recent attacks targeting foreigners, travel advisories are encouraging foreigners to leave Saudi Arabia unless on essential business. Security departments warn that more attacks on foreigners are being planned. If you are staying in the country, avoid public places where foreigners are known to congregate, ensure that your hotel has a good reputation for maintaining high security precautions and stay abreast of travel advisory updates. Travel Services Flights Hostels Hotels ... Travel Insurance lonely planet 2005 about us privacy contact us worldguide ... travel links

64. Saudi Arabia Trade and business information and links to saudi arabia, arabian gulf and middleeast area. member of Nova Stars saudi arabia history Geography http://www.the-saudi.net/saudi-arabia/

Connecting People, Not Just Computers A Public Service By The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Area and Location Government Saud Dynasty Holy Places ... Main Cities Saudi Arabia's characteristics are unmatched in the world. It contains the Moslem holy places, including the Holy Haram and the Holy Ka'abah. The nearby city of Al Madinah Al Munawwarah contains the Mosque and the tomb of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. Moslems converge on Makkah Al Mukarramah and Al Madinah Al Munawwarah from all over the world . Moreover, Saudi Arabia is an economic heavyweight. It has two-thirds of the world reserves of oil and natural gas (315 billion barrels of oil and 235 trillion cubic meters of natural gas). Saudi Arabia Business and Economy Also Check The Saudi Business Center Business Organizations Investment Climate Taxation ... Links to Saudi Ministries Web Sites Saudi Arabia Oil and Gas Also check Crude Oil Information Center Energy Production table History Ibn Saud ... Ethnologies Saudi Arabia Travel Guides Excess International Movers Travel Documents The Odora Business Travel ... Saudi Arabia MAPS Saudi Arabia Military Military Balance Overview Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East Saudi Arabia Special Guides Library of U.S Congress General Information

65. 1Up Travel : Saudi Arabia - History And Culture Of Saudi Arabia. Seek historical and cultural facts on saudi arabia. history arabia was probablythe original home of the Semites. Beginning in the 4th millennium BC, http://www.1uptravel.com/international/middleeast/saudi-arabia/history-culture.h

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... National Parks More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Airline Tickets Car Rentals Cruises Hotels ... Vacations Web 1UpTravel.com You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Middle East Saudi Arabia ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography Life Cuisine ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Attractions Shopping Eating Out ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Saudi Arabia Guide Saudi Arabia Maps Saudi Arabia Hotels Saudi Arabia Flag ... Saudi Arabia Travel Warning Saudi Arabia History and Culture History Arabia was probably the original home of the Semites. Beginning in the 4th millennium BC, these ancient peoples moved into Mesopotamia and Palestine, where they came to be identified as Assyro-Babylonians, Canaanites, and Amorites. Culture Saudi culture is based on Islam and the perfection of the Arabic language. The Saudi form of Islam is conservative and fundamentalist, based on the 18th-century revivalist movement of the Najdi leader Shaikh Mohammed Ibn Abdel-Wahhab. This still has a great effect on Saudi society, especially on the position of women, who do not generally go out without being totally covered in black robes (abaya) and masks, although there are regional variations of dress. The Najd and other remote areas remain true to Wahhabi tradition, but throughout the country this way of life is being threatened by modernisation and rapid development.

66. Saudi Arabia Introduction - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Re BACK TO history CONTENTS PDF. Figure 1. saudi arabia s concern for regionalsecurity and its active role in supporting the GCC were understandable http://workmall.com/wfb2001/saudi_arabia/saudi_arabia_history_introduction.html

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Saudi Arabia Introduction http://workmall.com/wfb2001/saudi_arabia/saudi_arabia_history_introduction.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS Figure 1. Administrative Divisions of Saudi Arabia, 1992 SAUDI ARABIA OBSERVED in 1992 the sixtieth anniversary of its existence as a state and the tenth anniversary of King Fahd ibn Abd al Aziz Al Saud's accession to the throne. Rather than adopting the title of king , Fahd was styled in Arabic Khadim al Haramayn, or "custodian of the two holy mosques," thereby stressing the Islamic aspect of his governance. In this regard, he echoed the partnership between the religious and political elements of society established in 1744 by Muhammad ibn Saud, the amir (see Glossary) in Ad Diriyah near Riyadh, and Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab, the shaykh who had come to the area to promote the doctrine of the oneness of God in true Islam. As a result of this cooperation and based on the strict Hanbali interpretation of Islamic law, political rule was the province of the House of Saud (Al Saud), whose leader was also given the title of imam , and religious authority was in the hands of the Al ash Shaykh (the family of the shaykh, Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab). This arrangement, however, did not give unchecked political power to the ruler because in accordance with the precepts of Abd al Wahhab, based on the political theory of Taqi ad Din ibn Taimiya, secular authority must conform to divine law and produce civil order in order to be legitimate.

67. History Of The Consulate - Consulate General Of The US - Dhahran, Saudi Arabia history of the Consulate. In 1944, Foreign Service Officer Parker T. Hart wasdispatched Mr. Hart returned to saudi arabia in the late 1940’s to oversee http://dhahran.usconsulate.gov/dhahran/History_of_the_Consulate.html

Consulate News U.S. Citizen Services Visas You Are In: Home Consulate News Consul General About the Consulate History of the Consulate Holidays Foreign Commercial Service Latest Consulate News ... Contact Us About the Consulate History of the Consulate In 1944, Foreign Service Officer Parker T. Hart was dispatched from the American Embassy in Cairo, Egypt, where he was stationed, to the eastern shores of Saudi Arabia to set up a consulate to take care of American interests in the oil town of Dhahran and the small American community there. He did so on September 2 of that year and worked from an office within Aramco campus and later moved to an office where the old airport is. Mr. Hart returned to Saudi Arabia in the late 1940’s to oversee construction work of a new consulate. With the blessing of the Kingdom’s founder, King Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud, Mr. Hart selected a site close to where the monarch and his party had set up camp during an earlier visit to the province. This is the same site where the consulate is now located. The present compound and chancery were built in August 1949, followed by the Consul General’s residence in 1951. The construction workers comprised mostly of Italian POW’s from nearby Eritrea.

68. Saudi Arabia - Al Arabiya As Saudiya history saudi arabia Historical and Cultural Background history of saudi arabiaand the saudi royal family. WWW-VLhistory saudi arabia http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/saudi_arabia.htm

Advertise here One World - Nations Online the countries of the world Home Continents Asia Saudi Arabia _Saudi Arabia Destination Saudi Arabia, this page is about many aspects of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Here you will find comprehensive information about Saudi Arabia in its diversity: geography, economy, science, people, culture, environment, government and history. You will have access to newspapers from the Saudi Arabia and you will find travel and tourism information for the Arabian country. keywords: Saudi Arabia information, Saudi Arabia newspapers, Saudi Arabia tourism, Saudi Arabia map City of Makkah Official Sites Map News Culture ... Additional Links Saudi Arabia Country Profile Flag of Saudi Arabia al-Mamlakah al-Arabiyah as-Saudiyah Official Name: Al-Mamlaka al-Arabiya as-Saudiya local short form: Al-Arabiya as Saudiya int'l short form: Saudi Arabia int'l long form: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ISO Country Code sa Actual Time: Sun-Sept-25 23:15 Local Time = UTC Capital: Riyadh (pop. 4.7 million) Government: Monarchy with Council of Ministers and Consultative Council.

69. ArabSites Search Engine For The Middle East: Regional Arab World Index Directory Search Engine the arabiawebindex arabia Web Index, iraq4ever Informative site about Iraq and it s history, culture, http://www.arabsites.com/links/Regional/

Sunday, 25 September 2005 Content-type: text/html sales@arabsites.com Could not open /home/vs030f2/public_html/ads/thiscount.txt (No such file or directory). Please notify sales@arabsites.com Top : Regional Links: About istanbul : everything about istanbul,be our guest in istanbul,, Abuja City : window to nigeria's capital city AccessGCC - Bahrain : A comprehensive and humorous guide to life in Bahrain and the countries that make up the GCC states, lots of links to travel, shopping, entertainment, eating out, finance, Al-Salaf : Quran and sunnah Islmic community islamic topics free e-mail Alberta.com : Your home online for unique communications and personal financial tools, business solutions and in-depth content such as news, sports, entertainment, directory and travel information. All Riyadh Shopping Malls Directory : This is the only site where you can find all the shops of Riyadh and in one place. If you are looking for business partner in Riyadh or lookig for soething in particular in Riyadh then this is the site for you Apartments, Bernkastel-Kues, the interesting 700years old Wine City.

70. Who Really Wants To Invade Saudi Arabia, And Why? The Murawiec PowerPoint indictment continued, stating that saudi arabia is Two The history of Fundamentalism and the US Role in Building saudi arabia http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/TSU407A.html

www.globalresearch.ca Centre for Research on Globalisation Centre de recherche sur la mondialisation Michael Moore and Richard Perle Combine Forces: Who Really Wants to Invade Saudi Arabia, and Why? by Tanya C. Hsu http://www.irmep.org/ July 2004 www.globalresearch.ca 9 July 2004 The URL of this article is: http://globalresearch.ca/articles/HSU407A.html “Hijacking planes, terrorizing innocent people and shedding blood, constitute a form of injustice that cannot be tolerated by Islam, which views them as gross crimes and sinful acts Any Muslim who is aware of his teachings of his religion and who adheres to the directives of the Qur’an and the Sunn’ah will never involve himself in such acts because they will invoke the anger of God Almighty and lead to harm and corruption on earth.” Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia and Chairman of the Senior Ulema, Sheikh ‘Abdul-‘Aziz Âlush, Sept. 15, 2001 There is a growing assumption on the part of members of the US Congress, US-Saudi diplomats, and the American public that the Bush administration is making a “turnaround” in US policy towards the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia because of neo-conservative and domestic interest group pressure. Those opposed to the current administration accuse the White House of maintaining ties to an enemy of America in exchange for lucrative business deals. In contrast, those who support ties with Saudi Arabia maintain that the US has no intention of severing relations with a regional stabilizing force and with long term friends in the House of Saud. Who is correct?

71. Who Really Wants To Invade Saudi Arabia, And Why? In contrast, those who support ties with saudi arabia maintain that the US reexamine the complicated history between the US and saudi arabia and real http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=C. 20040709&arti

72. Foreign Affairs - The Saudi Paradox - Michael Scott Doran saudi arabia is in the throes of a crisis, but its elite is bitterly divided Throughout history, alHawali wrote, the Shi`ites have conspired with the http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20040101faessay83105-p40/michael-scott-doran/the-s

Advanced Search The Saudi Paradox Michael Scott Doran From Foreign Affairs January/February 2004 Summary: Saudi Arabia is in the throes of a crisis, but its elite is bitterly divided on how to escape it. Crown Prince Abdullah leads a camp of liberal reformers seeking rapprochement with the West, while Prince Nayef, the interior minister, sides with an anti-American Wahhabi religious establishment that has much in common with al Qaeda. Abdullah cuts a higher profile abroad but at home Nayef casts a longer and darker shadow. Michael Scott Doran is Assistant Professor of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University and Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. Topics: Middle East Terrorism Keeping it in the Family By F. Gregory Gause III Foreign Affairs, May/June 2004 Can Democracy Stop Terrorism? By F. Gregory Gause III Foreign Affairs, September/October 2005 How to Win in Iraq By Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr. Foreign Affairs, September/October 2005 Imperial Hubris: Why the West Is Losing the War on Terror Anonymous. Dulles: Brassey's, 2004.

73. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents history. Except for a few major cities and oases, the harsh climate historically In 1932, these regions were unified as the Kingdom of saudi arabia. http://www.traveldocs.com/sa/history.htm

Saudi Arabia Asia HISTORY Except for a few major cities and oases, the harsh climate historically prevented much settlement of the Arabian Peninsula. People of various cultures have lived there over a span of more than 5,000 years. The Dilmun culture, along the Gulf coast, was contemporaneous with the Sumerians and ancient Egyptians, and most of the empires of the ancient world traded with the states of the peninsula. King Abd Al-Aziz died in 1953 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Saud, who reigned for 11 years. In 1964, Saud abdicated in favor of his half- brother, Faisal, who had served as Foreign Minister. Because of fiscal difficulties, King Saud had been persuaded in 1958 to delegate direct conduct of Saudi Government affairs to Faisal as Prime Minister; Saud briefly regained control of the government in 1960-62. In October 1962, Faisal outlined a broad reform program, stressing economic development. Proclaimed King in 1964 by senior royal family members and religious leaders, Faisal also continued to serve as Prime Minister. This practice has been followed by subsequent kings. The mid-1960s saw external pressures generated by Saudi-Egyptian differences over Yemen. When civil war broke out in 1962 between Yemeni royalists and republicans, Egyptian forces entered Yemen to support the new republican government, while Saudi Arabia backed the royalists. Tensions subsided only after 1967, when Egypt withdrew its troops from Yemen.

74. AllRefer.com - Saudi Arabia - Regional Security In Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabian saudi arabia. regional Security. saudi leaders historically regarded both aggressionand Since 1970, saudi arabia has perceived each of these countries http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/saudi-arabia/saudi-arabia95.ht

You are here allRefer Reference Saudi Arabia History ... Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Regional Security Saudi leaders historically regarded both aggression and externally supported subversion as potential threats to their country's national security. Thus, their primary foreign policy objective was to maintain political stability in the broader Middle East area that surrounds the Arabian Peninsula. Their principal concerns tended to focus on their two more populous and more powerful neighbors, Iraq to the north and Iran across the Persian Gulf. Since 1970, Saudi Arabia has perceived each of these countries alternately as friend and foe, and the nature of its relations with Iran and Iraq at any given time has influenced the pattern of Saudi relations with other states. Data as of December 1992 Saudi Arabia - TABLE OF CONTENTS Government and Politics STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT The King ... Islam Country Guide See Other Countries SEARCH : Information Courtesy: The Library of Congress - Country Studies Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. About Us Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ... allRefer

75. AllRefer.com - Saudi Arabia - The Reign Of Fahd, 1982- | Saudi Arabian Informati For the recent history of saudi arabia a good book is Graham Fuller s Unveilingsaudi arabia. The best and most accessible book on the country before 1984 http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/saudi-arabia/saudi-arabia19.ht

You are here allRefer Reference Saudi Arabia History ... Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia THE REIGN OF FAHD, 1982- Fahd, already the major spokesman for the Saudi regime, became even more active as Khalid's health steadily deteriorated. This visibility and experience stood him in good stead when Khalid died after a short illness on June 14, 1982; Fahd immediately assumed power and Abd Allah, head of the national guard, became crown prince. One of the first problems that the new king faced was a 20 percent drop in oil revenues, as a result of a world oil surplus that developed by 1982 (see Economic Policy During the Oil Boom, 1974-85 , ch. 3). Despite the fall in revenues, until the oil price crash of 1986 Saudi Arabia did not make significant changes in the oil policies it followed beginning in the oil boom years from 1974 onward. Saudi Arabia also reduced the number of foreign workers employed in the country during the 1980s. Whereas a reduction in the number of foreigners had long been an objective, the drop in oil revenues facilitated its achievement. The reduction in Saudi Arabia's wealth has not decreased its influence in the Arab world. The kingdom, and Fahd in particular, have come to play a mediating role in inter-Arab conflicts. They continued, for instance, their efforts to stop the fighting in Lebanon. In 1989 King Fahd brought the entire Lebanese National Assembly, both Christian and Muslim deputies, to the Saudi resort city of At Taif. At the time, the assembly had been unable to meet in Lebanon because of military clashes and political violence. Once in At Taif, however, the Lebanese deputies voted on a plan for reform and were eventually able to elect a new president. Fahd's actions did not solve the problems in Lebanon, but they helped to end a particular stage of the conflict.

76. Kuwait Regional Delegation (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United A Kuwait regional delegation (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, saudi arabia, UnitedArab Emirates, In particular those of Kuwait, Qatar and saudi arabia http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList165/69807756E084CB3EC1256B890033

About the ICRC ICRC activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Print this page Annual Report Kuwait Regional delegation (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen) In 1998 the regional delegation gave priority to efforts to resolve the humanitarian problems arising from the Gulf war, [15] and in particular to ascertain the fate of persons still unaccounted for. The ICRC maintained contact with the Kuwaiti authorities, especially the National Committee for Missing and POW Affairs, on these matters. Visits to places of detention The ICRC continued to visit places of detention under the responsibility of the Ministries of the Interior, Defence and Social Affairs. Spreading the humanitarian message The ICRC made sustained efforts to promote humanitarian principles and rules in the region. Two sessions of a course on humanitarian law were attended by about 80 law students from the University of Kuwait City. As regards dissemination among the armed forces, a large number of seminars were organized in the Gulf region in 1998. In Kuwait an initial seminar on 18 March brought together 14participants at the Al-Jiwan military camp. In September a second seminar was held at the Command and Staff College and was attended by 70 officers from Kuwait and other countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Ten American and British officers also took part. Particular attention was paid to the media, and a large number of articles were published in the regional press in English and in Arabic.

77. Country Information saudi arabia. INTRODUCTION Chapter 1. Historical Setting THE SETTING OF saudiarabia PREISLAMIC PERIOD Brief history Oil Industry in the 1990s http://www.countryreports.org/history/frd/cs/satoc.asp?countryid=212&countryName

78. Written In Stone in collaboration with the National Museum of Natural history, Smithsonian Institution.The Kingdom of saudi arabia is rich in ancient inscriptions. http://www.mnh.si.edu/epigraphy/introduction.htm

Home Introduction Sponsors Credits ... Islamic Exhibit Introduction by Dr. Ali Saleh al-Moghanam (and) Dr. Paul Michael Taylor co-editors / co-curators with contributions by staff members of the National Museum of Saudi Arabia in collaboration with the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is rich in ancient inscriptions. They form a priceless resource for the study of the region's cultural and linguistic heritage. Throughout the country, inscriptions were etched, engraved, pecked, or even sometimes carved in bas-relief on stones or on the rock-faces of cliffs and hills. The scribe placing a text into stone (or the person commissioning that scribe) is very likely selecting the medium for its relative permanence, and usually is also selecting the location where the stone is found or placed. The difficulty of inscribing the text implies that this medium is usually reserved for matters that are of great (even, literally, monumental) importance. Epigraphy is the study of such texts, the science of deciphering and interpreting them. This "virtual exhibition" presents some examples of the Epigraphy Collections of the National Museum of Saudi Arabia, many published here for the first time. The exhibition is presented as the first product of an international partnership between the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC, USA) and the National Museum of Saudi Arabia (Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). Thanks to the much-appreciated help of the project's

79. Saudi Arabia Energy Oil Information Environmental protection issues in saudi arabia are strongly linked but Graph of saudi energy intensity compared to other regional countries A study http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/saudenv.html

November 2002 Saudi Arabia: Environmental Issues Introduction Environmental protection issues in Saudi Arabia are strongly linked but not limited to the production, processing and transportation of oil and natural gas. In recent years, Saudi Arabia has been increasing its efforts aimed at protecting the country from various environmental hazards, while attempting to balance these concerns with the country's heavy dependence on hydrocarbon production and export. On the whole, Saudi Arabia is striving to minimize the impacts of the country's hydrocarbons sector on its environment (including the waters surrounding Saudi Arabia). Saudi Arabia also is attempting to safeguard the health of its rapidly growing population.. Saudi Arabia is keen to protect the environmental safety of the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, and the Saudi petroleum industryled by Saudi Aramco, the state oil companyhas contributed to environmental protection through safety measures, early warning systems against possible leakage, and advanced methods to control and contain any pollution. Saudi Aramco's Environmental Conservation Policy directs that the company not create undue risks to the environment, and that operations be carried out with concern for protection of the land, air, and water. Aramco has developed an array of operational requirements, engineering standards, and performance guidelines to implement this policy, including sanitary codes, environmental assessments, bioremediation, air quality and emission standards, noise-control regulations, landfill standards, water recycling procedures, hazardous material disposal rules, and oil spill contingency plans.

80. Arabia Petraea they lived on the coasts and in the ports of Bahrain, saudi arabia, and Oman . 22 CE, Dio Cassius history of Rome, c. 220 CE, Ammianus Marcellinus http://intranet.dalton.org/groups/rome/Arabia.html

Arabia Petraea The Petra 'Great Temple' Brown University professor Martha S. Joukowsky is at present directing the archaeological excavations of the Temple at Petra, Jordan. Although the excavation is funded by Brown University as part of its programs in Anthropology and in Old World Archaeology and Art, it is also an international and interdisciplinary project, with the active involvement of the American Center of Oriental Research (ACOR) located in Amman, and the Department of Antiquities of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The Pool-Complex at Petra (Petra 'Lower Market' Survey, 1998) Preliminary Report by Leigh-Ann Bedal Anthropology Department, University of Pennsylvania "Despite decades of excavation in and around Petra, archaeologists continue to grapple with the issues of chronological development and the organization of the city as a center of political and economic importance. Contributing to the incomplete nature of our understanding of Petra is the fact that significant pieces of the puzzle have managed to elude archaeological investigation. One of these is a large, open area located in the center of the city, south of and overlooking the colonnaded street, amidst the temples and other civic structures at the heart of Petra's city center (fig. 1). Petra "Petra was first established sometime around the 6th century BC, by the Nabataean Arabs, a nomadic tribe who settled in the area and laid the foundations of a commercial empire that extended into Syria. Includes an Interactive map and tour.

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