81. Map Of The Roman Empire In The Time Of Jesus The roman empire in the time of Jesus Christ and the Apostles. The order whichprevailed in this extensive empire, the good military roads, and the use of http://www.bible-history.com/maps/roman_empire.html

The Roman Empire In the Time of Jesus The Roman Empire in the time of Jesus Christ and the Apostles. The order which prevailed in this extensive empire, the good military roads, and the use of Koine Greek as the general language of culture throughout the area were among the factors which multiplied the rapid spread of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Return to Bible History Online

82. Roman Emperors - DIR Diocletian During Diocletian s early life, the roman empire was in the midst of turmoil . He institutionalized the policy of separating civil and military careers. http://www.roman-emperors.org/dioclet.htm

Diocletian Galeria Valeria An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors DIR Atlas Diocletian ( 284-305 A.D.) Ralph W. Mathisen University of South Carolina Summary and Introduction The Emperor Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (A.D. 284-305) put an end to the disastrous phase of Roman history known as the "Military Anarchy" or the "Imperial Crisis" (235-284). He established an obvious military despotism and was responsible for laying the groundwork for the second phase of the Roman Empire, which is known variously as the "Dominate," the "Tetrarchy," the "Later Roman Empire," or the "Byzantine Empire." His reforms ensured the continuity of the Roman Empire in the east for more than a thousand years. Diocletian's Early Life and Reign Diocletian was born ca. 236/237 on the Dalmatian coast, perhaps at Salona. He was of very humble birth, and was originally named Diocles. He would have received little education beyond an elementary literacy and he was apparently deeply imbued with religious piety He had a wife Prisca and a daughter Valeria , both of whom reputedly were Christians. During Diocletian's early life, the Roman empire was in the midst of turmoil. In the early years of the third century, emperors increasingly insecure on their thrones had granted inflationary pay raises to the soldiers. The only meaningful income the soldiers now received was in the form of gold donatives granted by newly acclaimed emperors. Beginning in 235, armies throughout the empire began to set up their generals as rival emperors. The resultant civil wars opened up the empire to invasion in both the north, by the Franks, Alamanni, and Goths, and the east, by the Sassanid Persians. Another reason for the unrest in the army was the great gap between the social background of the common soldiers and the officer corps.

83. Monthly Review March 2002 The Editors US military Bases and empire by The Editors of Monthly Review. by this systemof roman military bases, “became just as much a part of the roman empire http://www.monthlyreview.org/0302editr.htm

Volume 53, Number 10 Dear Reader, We place these articles at no charge on our website to serve all the people who cannot afford Monthly Review , or who cannot get access to it where they live. Many of our most devoted readers are outside of the United States. If you read our articles online and you can afford a subscription to our print edition, we would very much appreciate it if you would consider taking one. Please click here to subscribe . Thank you very much. Harry Magdoff, John Bellamy Foster, Robert W. McChesney, Paul Sweezy March 2002 U.S. Military Bases and Empire by The Editors Home Subscribe Notes From the Editors ... Understanding the Other Sister: The Case of Arab Feminism by Susan Muaddi Darraj Technology and the Commodification of Higher Education by David F. Noble Sweatshop Labor, Sweatshop Movement by Bill Fletcher, Jr. Unusual Marx The Bases of Empire America and the World Revolution Britain, in its heyday as the leading capitalist power in the nineteenth century, ruled over a vast colonial empire secured by a global system of military bases. As Robert Harkavy has explained in his important work, Great Power Competition for Overseas Bases The official stance of the United States toward these military bases after the war was that they should be retained to whatever extent possible, and further bases should be acquired. At the Potsdam Conference on August 7, 1945, President Harry Truman declared:

84. Will The Revived Roman Empire Become A Military Superpower? Will the revived roman empire become a military superpower? I don t see arequirement in Scripture for the European confederation that will form the http://www.raptureready.com/faq/faq404.html

Will the revived Roman Empire become a military superpower? I don't see a requirement in Scripture for the European confederation that will form the Antichrist's kingdom to achieve super military status. According to Daniel's vision of the five empires, the kingdom of the Antichrist will be of the weakest quality. "And whereas thou sawest the feet and toes, part of potters' clay, and part of iron, the kingdom shall be divided; but there shall be in it of the strength of the iron, forasmuch as thou sawest the iron mixed with miry clay. And [as] the toes of the feet [were] part of iron, and part of clay, [so] the kingdom shall be partly strong, and partly broken." (Dan. 2:41-42). It also says in the Book of Daniel that peace will be the Antichrist's greatest weapon. "And through his policy also he shall cause craft to prosper in his hand; and he shall magnify [himself] in his heart, and by peace shall destroy many: he shall also stand up against the Prince of princes; but he shall be broken without hand" (Dan. 8:25). The revived Roman Empire will have one advantage over all the other kingdoms: It will be in control of weapons of mass destruction. King Nebuchadnezzar was history's most powerful ruler in that his word was law. His orders were carried out by men with swords and spears. The Antichrist may at first have to deal with a legislature, but once he makes a decision, he will have the power to destroy nations.

85. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire The ancient roman empire having been divided into two parts, an Eastern and aWestern Thus the empire which the army, under the great military emperors, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03096a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... B > The Byzantine Empire A B C D ... CICDC - Home of the Catholic Lifetime Reading Plan The Byzantine Empire The ancient Roman Empire having been divided into two parts, an Eastern and a Western, the Eastern remained subject to successors of Constantine , whose capital was at Byzantium or Constantinople . The term Byzantine is therefore employed to designate this Eastern survival of the ancient Roman Empire. The subject will be here treated under the following divisions: I. Byzantine Civilization; II. Dynastic History. The latter division of the article will be subdivided into six heads in chronological order. I. BYZANTINE CIVILIZATION Slavs The first period of the empire, which embraces the dynasties of Theodosius, Leo I, Justinian , and Tiberius, is politically still under Roman influence. In the second period the dynasty of Heraclius in conflict with Islam , succeeds in creating a distinctively Byzantine State. The third period, that of the Syrian (Isaurian) emperors and of Iconoclasm , is marked by the attempt to avoid the struggle with Islam by completely orientalizing the land.

86. PC Nemesis Of The Roman Empire Don t let this sleeper RTS pass you by Nemesis of the roman empire is a winner . from gold) is vital in greasing the wheels or your military machine. http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/nemesis-of-the-roman-empire/506045p1.html

GameSpy.com PC Xbox GameCube ... Shop Platforms Home PlayStation 2 Sony PSP PlayStation 3 ... PC Sections News Reviews Previews Screenshots ... Forums Resources Game Bios Release Dates Downloads Arena Ladders ... Newsletter Planet Sites Planet Half-Life Planet Battlefield Planet DOOM Planet The Sims ... All Planet Sites Get Games Download Games Compare Prices Subscriptions Subscribe Now! Founders' Club Contact Us Editorial Feedback Product Support FilePlanet Daily Download Star Wars Battlefront II Beta Special Features QuakeCon 2005 What happened at this year's FPS con in Texas? Find out! GenCon Coverage Leipzig Coverage Top GCN Games Top Xbox Games Search for a Game Nemesis of the Roman Empire (PC) Publisher: Enlight Developer: Haemimont Games AD Genre: Real-Time Strategy Release Date: ESRB: Everyone More Info on this Game By William Abner Don't let this sleeper RTS pass you by Nemesis of the Roman Empire is a winner. GameData(606007); Reader Rating: How Our Ratings Work Rate This Game Select 1 - Poor 2 - Fair 3 - Good 4 - Great 5 - Outstanding Discuss this Game in the Forums Pros Cons Unique design; great A.I.; solid multiplayer; easy-to-use editor.

87. Ivars Peterson's MathTrek -Defending The Roman Empire Such questions of military strategy can be handled mathematically. One classiccase goes back to the years of the roman empire s decline. http://www.maa.org/mathland/mathtrek_9_11_00.html

Search MAA Online MAA Home Ivars Peterson's MathTrek September 11, 2000 Defending the Roman Empire Years ago, when I was in high school and college, the board games Risk and Diplomacy served as wonderful playing fields where I could develop and exercise my tactical and negotiating skills. One issue that often came up in my forays into international intrigue was how to deploy my limited forces to defend far-flung territories while I plotted to conquer the world. Such questions of military strategy can be handled mathematically. Charles S. ReVelle of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and Kenneth E. Rosing, recently retired from Erasmus University Rotterdam, describe their approach in the August-September American Mathematical Monthly. ReVelle is a pioneer in the relatively new and rapidly growing field of location science, which involves the use of mathematical techniques to determine the best places to put fire stations, hospitals, fast-food restaurants, or even military units. One classic case goes back to the years of the Roman empire's decline. In the 3rd century, Rome dominated Europe and could station 50 legions throughout its territories, securing even the most distant lands. A century later, it had only about half as many legions to defend the empire. Emperor Constantine (274-337) had to decide how to disperse the legions at his disposal to protect the empire's fringes without leaving Rome itself open to attack. He devised a "defense-in-depth" strategy to cope with the diminished power of his forces. He expected local, part-time militias to slow down and fragment invading barbarian hordes, and he dispatched well-equipped and highly trained mobile field armies, when needed, to halt or throw back the enemy or suppress an insurrection.

88. Military History Of The Roman Empire - Art History Online military history of the roman empire Art History Online Reference and Guide. http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/Roman_military_history

89. Archaeological Institute Of America Ideas about the roman empire have played an enormous role in thought and action in The Battle that Stopped Rome Archaeology of the roman military http://www.archaeological.org/webinfo.php?page=10224&lid=58

90. Target Iraq: No War On Iraq With the rise of the New Age roman empire, Jonathan Freedland asks how long beforethe The most obvious similarity is overwhelming military strength. http://www.oceanbooks.com.au/iraq/articles3/298.html

Home Articles index Hail Bush: A new Roman empire By Jonathan Freedland (Guardian, September 20 2002) They came, they saw, they conquered. Now the United States dominates the world. With the rise of the New Age Roman empire, Jonathan Freedland asks how long before the fall? The word of the hour is empire. As the United States marches to war, no other label quite seems to capture the scope of American power or the scale of its ambition. "Sole superpower" is accurate enough, but seems oddly modest. "Hyperpower" might appeal to the French; "hegemon" is favoured by academics. But empire is the big one, the gorilla of geopolitical designations - and suddenly the US is bearing its name. Of course, enemies of the US have shaken their fist at its "imperialism" for decades: they are doing it again now, as Washington wages a global "war against terror" and braces itself for a campaign aimed at "regime change" in a foreign, sovereign state. What is more surprising, and much newer, is that the notion of a US empire has suddenly become a live debate inside the US. And not just among Europhile liberals either, but across the range - from left to right. Today a liberal dissenter such as Gore Vidal, who called his most recent collection of essays on the US The Last Empire, finds an ally in the likes of conservative columnist Charles Krauthammer, who earlier this year told The New York Times, "People are coming out of the closet on the word 'empire'." He argued that Americans should admit the truth and face up to their responsibilities as the undisputed masters of the world. And it wasn't any old empire he had in mind. "The fact is, no country has been as dominant culturally, economically, technologically and militarily in the history of the world since the Roman empire."

91. Free Essays On The Fall Of The Roman Empire Could Be Linked To Many Different As The roman empire was plunged into military anarchy and raided by barbarous Germanictribes causing a major burden from an economic standpoint. http://www.123student.com/1191.htm

Categories American History Biographies Black History Creative Writing ... World History > The Fall Of The Roman Empire Could Be Linked To Many Different Aspects: Army, The Fall Of The Roman Empire Could Be Linked To Many Different Aspects: Army, Below is free essays on The Fall Of The Roman Empire Could Be Linked To Many Different Aspects: Army, by 123Student, your one-stop source for free essays, free college term papers, and free term papers. Look for more free essays and free term papers using the search box above. Word Count: 1481 Page Count: 6 The Fall Of The Roman Empire Could Be Linked To Many Different Aspects: Army, The Fall of the Roman Empire Could Be Linked To Many Different Aspects: Army, Citizens, Barbarianism Personally I think that all these reasons are linked and headed by the decline of the Roman emperor. The deficient Emperor role led to the lacking military response to invasions,civil war and peasant uprisings. ROMAN EMPIRE AND ITS EMPEROR Ever since the adoptive system which was installed by Marcus Aurelius was never reinstalled after his death,effective leadership in governing Rome was

92. Prophecy Central: Revived Roman Empire Europe Wants to Rival US as military Superpower, Says EU Parliamentarian It will be the first time since the roman empire that bread, wine and salt can http://www.bible-prophecy.com/roman.htm

Revived Roman Empire Key Scriptures Current Events Links Excerpts From The Prophecy Puzzle See also: New World Order Key Scriptures Click on one of these references to see the passage. Thanks to the services of: And Go To Bible Gateway Go To Blue Letter Bible Includes Commentary Daniel 2:31-35 Further Study Daniel 8:1-12 Further Study ... Further Study In the Blue Letter Bible Click on for Treasury of Scripture or click on underlined reference for a list of commentaries. Return to Top Current Events and Links Notice: Sources often remove their news links after a period of time. Some of them move older stories to a subscription-only section. Even if the story is no longer on line, our summary will still be available on this page. Blair tells EU to change or fail June 23, 2005 - Beginning his 6-month term as President of the European Union, U.K. Prime Minister Tony Blair warned the Union that it must modernize and face the reality of globalization. The European Union faces a "crisis in political leadership" and must change to win back public support, Prime Minister Tony Blair has told Euro MPs. Source:BBC French Voters Reject First EU Constitution May 30, 3005 - French voters have rejected the proposed constitution of the European Union, humiliating their president, Jacques Chirac, and possibly setting plans for Europe's future back several years.

93. The Economic History Of The Western Roman Empire: The Invasion Of The Western Ro The Structure of the military Authority of the empire was more JB Bury pointsout the problem the roman empire had with raising military manpower. http://www2.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/barbarians.htm

applet-magic.com Thayer Watkins Silicon Valley USA The Economic History of the Western Roman Empire The Invasion of the Western Roman Empire by Barbarian Tribes The purpose of this document is to summarize the period of barbarian invasion of the western Roman Empire over the period from the third century A.D. to the fifth century. The primary source material is a series of lectures by J.B. Bury of the University of Cambridge which were published as The Invasion of Europe by the Barbarians . Professor Bury presented a coherent view of the invasions but his work was published in 1928 and some historical items, particularly in the early background material, may have been superceded by more recent findings. His book was reissued in 1963 without revision so any shortcomings of his work are not likely to be essential to his presentation. The barbarians that were most significant in the invasions were the Germans with a brief interlude of Hunnic penetration. The Slavic and Magyarmigrations came after the period under consideration. Background of the Germanic Peoples In the period before 1000 B.C. the Germanic tribes lived in Scandinavia and the land between the Elbe and Oder Rivers. To the west of the Elbe River the land was occupied by Celtic people. To the east of the Oder River there were Baltic people such as the Letts and Lithuanians. Over the centuries the German tribes between the Elbe and the Oder pushed west driving the Celts out. By 200 B.C. the border between the Germans and the Celts was pushed to the Rhine River. The German tribes also pushed from the lowere Elbe region to the upper Elbe region occupying what is now southern Germany.

94. Mosaic Sources Since economic and military crises were averted, many scholars have praised Constantine considered himself “the restorer of the roman empire” since he http://college.hmco.com/history/west/mosaic/chapter4/module27.html

95. The Roman Empire after he became a roman citizen he was enlisted on his first military campaign.On his return from military service the son of a patrician almost always http://www.iol.ie/~coolmine/typ/romans/romans7.html

The rich and powerful people of ancient Rome were the patricians , who governed the city from the Senate ( the Senate was Romes governing body during the republic voted into office once a year by an Assembly of citizens ), and the equites , or men of property. All the social and most political power was in the hands of a few ancient families, such as Cornelii, the Julii ( the family of the Caesers) and the Aemilii. The Senate lost most of its power under the emperors, but the patrician families still led public opinion. Most patricians had, beside their house at Rome, a family farm in the country and a number of villas in pleasant spots of Latium in central Italy or in the south. Town and contry houses alike were beautifully built and designed for their owner's comfort. The Romans believed in making their sons fine soilders so after he became a Roman citizen he was enlisted on his first military campaign. On his return from military service the son of a patrician almost always entered into politics, and the sons of equites sometimes did the same. A young man first stood for election as an aedile , or city councillor. The aediles looked after the corn supply and public amusements. The next office was that of the

96. Rulers Of The Roman Empire (table). The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 20 Rulers of the roman empire (table). The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition . Diocletian, military commander, divided the empire; ruled jointly with http://www.bartleby.com/65/ro/RomEmpTABLE.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Rulers of the Roman Empire (table) Augustus, grandnephew of Julius Caesar, 27

97. CLA B42.INFO This course will focus on three major phases of roman military history for Army and empire the military establishment of the JulioClaudian Principate http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~corbett/clab42/

Scarborough College University of Toronto CLA B42F: Army and Empire in the Roman World Course Content and Related Material Content Module Roman Chronology -(brief) Roman Chronology Greek Chronology Roman History - Bibliography 1. Course Information (Updated Oct 2000) Objectives The instructor will introduce students to the basic military organization of the Roman Empire focusing on the period when the Roman Empire dominated the Mediterranean World (ca 200 BC-200 AD). The scene is set by a brief survey of the origins and rise of Rome in its natural and social contexts. Special attention will then be given to: (i) the origins and development of the Roman Army both as a fundamental social institution within the Roman state and as an agent of conquest and romanization. (ii) some of the more important functions of the Roman Army:conquest and urbanization, communications, logistics, and engineering. This course will focus on three major phases of Roman military history for in-depth study:Caesar's conquest of Gaul, the first Jewish Revolt against Rome and the military establishment of the Later Roman Empire (esp. Frontier Studies). Students will be encouraged to develop their skills in the analysis and interpretation of historical evidence and in the presentation of historical research orally and in writing. All original sources will be read in English translation.

98. History Today: The Educational Archive Of Articles, News And Study Aids For Teac The Fall of the roman empire. The military Explanation. The Fall of the romanempire The military Explanation Arther Ferrill Thames Hudson, http://www.historytoday.com/dm_getArticle.asp?gid=16268

99. 107Diocletian.html 290 Celebration at Milan to mark the military victories of the two augusti HP L Orange, Art forms and civic life in the late roman empire (Princeton http://www.kcl.ac.uk/kis/schools/hums/byzmodgreek/A107/107Diocletian.html

Back to Introduction Course A107: From Late Antiquity to Byzantium Diocletian and 'Recovery' Dates 20 Nov. Diocles becomes emperor at Nicomedia and changes his name to Diocletian 285 Defeats his rival Carinus and becomes sole emperor summer: Appoints Maximian caesar 286 Rebellion of Carausius who proclaims himself augustus in Britain 287 Maximian second augustus 287 Diocletian makes a peace treaty with Persia 287/8 Maximian tries to suppress Carausius 289 Maximian's fleet is defeated (or wrecked in a storm). Carausius is left to rule in Britain 290 Celebration at Milan to mark the military victories of the two augusti Galerius and Constantius Caesars, creating the tetrarchy Galerius basedat Thessalonike 296 Constantius defeats Carausius and governs Britain 296 Revolt in Egypt headed by Domitius Domitianus and Aurelius Achilles 296/7 Persian Narses expels Tiridates , Roman protˆ©gˆ©, king of Armenia 297 Galerius unsuccessfully invades Persia 297/8 Maximian fights against Moorish tribes in Africa and secures victory 298 Alexandria falls to Diocletian after a siege Galerius wins a significant victory over Narses who is forced to concede territory 303 Persecution of Christians: Edicts 305 1 May , Diocletian and Maximian abdicate:

100. ORB --Crusades Political and military Background. Paul Crawford By the end of the fourthcentury, the roman empire had become officially and primarily Christian, http://www.the-orb.net/encyclop/religion/crusades/crusade_back.html

Encyclopedia Library Reference Teaching ... HOME ORB Online Encyclopedia Crusades Political and Military Background Paul Crawford To begin to answer the question, "What were the Crusades?" one must first consider the history of Europe and the Middle East in the millenium before 1095. Beginning in the first century A.D., the religion known as Christianity arose in Palestine and spread rapidly throughout the Roman Empire. By the end of the fourth century, the Roman Empire had become officially and primarily Christian, as a result of peaceful missionary activity from within society (later church, or canon, law in fact forbade forced conversions). Jerusalem, Palestine and Syria, all within the boundaries of the Roman Empire, became predominantly Christian (the Jewish population of Jerusalem had been largely dispersed by pagan Roman authorities following the Jewish anti-Roman revolts of A.D. 66-70 and 132-135, and few Jews remained in the area). In the seventh century A.D., the religion known as Islam arose in the Arabian peninsula. Like Christianity, Islam officially condemned forced conversions. But unlike Christianity, Islam instructed its followers to ensure that the world was under the political control of the Faithful. Hence Islam's political domination could be, and was, spread by the sword. Carried on the backs of Arab cavalry, Islam burst out of Arabia and quickly took control of the Middle East. Byzantium and Persia, the two powers in the area, were exhausted by prolonged conflict with each other. Persia was completely defeated and absorbed into the Islamic world. The Middle Eastern armies of the Christian Byzantine Empire were defeated and annihilated in 636, and Jerusalem fell in 638. Through the rest of the seventh century, Arab armies advanced inexorably northwards and westwards.

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