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         Roman Empire The Military:     more books (52)
  1. Twilight of the Empire: The Roman Infantryman 3rd to 6th Century AD (Trade Editions) by Simon Macdowall, 2000-10-25
  2. Guardians of the Roman Empire (Trade Editions) by Boris Rankov, 1999-06-01
  3. The Limits of Empire: The Roman Army in the East (Clarendon Paperbacks) by Benjamin Isaac, 1993-09-30
  4. Fields of Conflict [Two Volumes]: Battlefield Archaeology from the Roman Empire to the Korean War
  5. Caesar: A History of the Art of War Among the Romans Down to the End of the Roman Empire, With a Detailed Account of the Campgains of Caius Julius C (Great Captains) by Theodore Ayrault Dodge, 2000-12
  6. Charlemagne: Founder of the Holy Roman Empire (Heroes and Warriors) by R. J. Stewart, Bob Stewart, 1988-10
  7. NATO the War Machine of the Revived Roman Empire: Where Leads the Road to Kosovo by N. W. Hutchings, 1999-07-01
  8. Cæsar;: A history of the art of war among the Romans down to the end of the Roman Empire (Great captains) by Theodore Ayrault Dodge, 1892
  9. A General Survey of Coinage in the Roman Empire A.D. 294-408 and Its Relationship to Roman Military Deployment by Steven D. Nicklas, 1995-12
  10. Caesar: A History of the Art of War Among the Romans Down to the End of the Roman Empire, With a Detailed Account of the Campaigns of Caius Julius Caesar by Theodore Ayrault Dodge, 1997-10
  11. Roman Army: Wars of the Empire (Brassey's History of Uniforms) by Graham Sumner, 1997-10
  12. Theodosius: The Empire at Bay (Roman Imperial Biographies) by Gerard Friell, 1994-07-05
  13. Roman Infantry Equipment: The Later Empire by I. P. Stephenson, 2001-02-01
  14. Storming the Heavens: Soldiers, Emperors, and Civilians in the Roman Empire by Antonio Santosuosso, 2001-07-27

21. The Impact Of The Military In The Fall Of The Roman Empire
Examines the role the military played in the ultimate collapse of the roman empire.
http://www.geocities.com/dragon_fly226
The Impact of the Military in the Fall of the Roman Empire
Introduction
The Roman military can be viewed as one of the greatest army ever. However,
around the end of the Fourth and the beginning of the Fifth Century, the military
began to deteriorate. Many things contributed to the military cause of the fall
of the Roman Empire. These things include military problems within the army,
military tactics and decisions, and barbarian attacks. Some of the military problems
was the low funds for the army and problems in recruiting soldiers. A problem in the
tactics and decisions was that the military often recruited barbarians for the Roman
Army. These barbarians could not be trusted. The barbarian attacks helped deteriorate
the army in which there were constant attacks on the Empire. In fact, the city of Rome was sacked many times! Below is an outline as to the military causes for the decline of the Roman Empire. Click here to go to the outline. Click on any of the subheadings to get more information about that area. Click

22. Roman Dress
The lacerna was originally a military cloak, but during the empire it begun to be The roman soldier s military sandal, the caliga. (Plural caligae)
http://www.roman-empire.net/society/soc-dress.html

23. Roman Empire
This remarkable military achievement transformed the Romans themselves. His imperium, or military authority, extended throughout the empire and was
http://www.crystalinks.com/romanempire.html
In 44 BC Gaius Julius Caesar, the Roman leader who ruled the Roman Republic as a dictator, was assassinated. Rome descended into more than ten years of civil war and political upheaval. After Caesar's heir Gaius Octavius (also known as Octavian) defeated his last rivals, the Senate in 27 BC proclaimed him Augustus, meaning the exalted or holy one. In this way Augustus established the monarchy that became known as the Roman Empire. The Roman Republic, which had lasted nearly 500 years, was dead, never to be revived. The empire would endure for another 500 years until AD 476 The Romans formed that synthesis during the longest continuous period of peaceful prosperity that the Mediterranean world has ever known. Even after a German invader in AD 476 deposed Romulus Augustulus, the last emperor residing in Rome, emperors who called themselves "Roman" (although they are known historically as Byzantine) continued to rule in Constantinople until AD 1453 (See  Byzantine Empire). The impact of the Roman people endures until the present day.

24. Roman Empire - 2
The roman empire taxed the people under its control, and the taxes fell mostheavily on Despite the strength of the roman military, conquest was not
http://www.crystalinks.com/romanempire2.html
ROMAN EMPIRE - 2
Roman industry did not include mass production, and small workshops manufactured pottery, metalwork, and glass. A successful brickmaker might have owned dozens of workshops rather than one large factory. Manufacturers dispersed or decentralized their production because it was expensive to transport goods. Bricks for construction were made at the building site, or terra-cotta figurines were fashioned at the temple where they were sold. Unlike independent artisans who had their own shops, wage laborers were treated with contempt in the ancient world and worked alongside slaves. The eastern Mediterranean was initially the manufacturing center of the Roman world, but under the empire, Gaul also experienced great industrial growth. A number of factors combined to encourage manufacturing in Gaul, including the availability of ample raw materials, the Celtic tradition of exquisite metalworking, good river transportation, and the enormous market created by the military along the northern borders of the empire. The Roman soldiers needed weapons, pottery, boots, clothing, and building materials, and they bought them from local craftspeople.

25. Ancient Roman Costume Links At The Costumer S Manifesto
Ancient roman empire Costume Links at The Costumer s Manifesto. General Information roman military reenactments Legio XXThe Twentieth Legion
http://www.costumes.org/history/100pages/ROMANLNX.HTM

26. Roman Empire
The romans eventually fell heir to most of Alexander s empire and extended roman military institutions, like roman political organization and economy,
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/spqr.htm
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Military
  • Legions
  • Praetorian Guard
    "There was no corner of the known world where some interest was not alleged to be in danger or under actual attack. If the interests were not Roman, they were those of Rome's allies; and if Rome had no allies, the allies would be invented. When it was utterly impossible to contrive such an interest why, then it was the national honor that had been insulted. The fight was always invested with an aura of legality. Rome was always being attacked by evil-minded neighbours...The whole world was pervaded by a host of enemies, it was manifestly Rome's duty to guard against their indubitably aggressive designs."
    Joseph Schumpteter, Imperialism and Social Classes
    References
    • By Lt. Col. S.G. Brady [1947 The Military Service Publishing Company]
  • 27. Roman Legions
    The military Affairs of Ancient Rome roman Art of War in Caesar s Time By Lt . Trajan s campaign against the Parthians expanded the roman empire to its
    http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/legion.htm
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    Military
    "You can fly over a land forever; you may bomb it, atomize it, pulverize it and wipe it clean of life but if you desire to defend it, protect it, and keep it for civilization you must do this on the ground, the way the Roman Legions did, by putting your young men into the mud."
    T.R. Fehrenbach, This Kind of War
  • Legio I Italica
  • Legio I Parthica
  • Legio II Adiutrix
  • Legio II Herculia
  • Legio II Parthica
  • Legio II Traiana
  • Legio III Augusta
  • Legio III Cyrenaica
  • Legio IV Italica
  • Legio IV Macedonica
  • Legio IV Martia
  • Legio IV Scythica
  • Legio V Alaudae
  • Legio V Macedonica
  • Legio VI Ferrata
  • Legio VII Gemina
  • Legio VIII Augusta
  • Legio IX Hispana
  • Legio X Equitata
  • Legio X Fretensis
  • Legio XII Fulminata
  • Legio XIII Gemina
  • Legio XIV Gemina
  • Legio XV Apollinaris
  • Legio XXII Deiotariana
    References
    • By Lt. Col. S.G. Brady [1947 The Military Service Publishing Company]
  • 28. Africa - Province Of The Roman Empire
    The region remained a part of the roman empire until the great Germanic migrations of The roman military presence in North Africa was relatively small,
    http://www.unrv.com/provinces/africa.php
    Home Forum Empire Government ... Shop Empire: Roman Empire Map Roman Provinces Timeline Enemy Leaders ... Population
    Provinces of Roman Africa
    The idea of Roman expansion into North Africa started with the fear and jealousy caused by the great economic power of Carthage. In the 3rd Century BC, Rome and Carthage jockeyed with each other for position and strength along the Mediterranean. The two had developed an unhealthy rivalry which, in 264 BCE led directly to a series of 3 wars, the Punic Wars. By 146 BCE, Carthage was destroyed and Rome, having taken control of Spain and Africa, was soon to be the undisputed master of the world.
    Africa, Numidia and Mauretania
    Rome established its first African colony, Africa Vetus, in the most fertile part of what was formerly Carthaginian territory, and established Utica as the administrative capital. The remaining territory was left in the domain of the Numidian client King Massinissa. At this time, the Roman policy in Africa was simply to prevent another great power to rise on the far side of Sicily. Therefore, great freedom of rule was granted to Massinissa and his descendents. Upon his death in 148 BCE, the territory was divided among his heirs into several smaller client Kingdoms.

    29. Arms And Armor Of The Roman Empire
    The legions of the roman empire were equipped with some of the best arms and the roman empire that they possessed one of the most dominant military
    http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/romanempire/
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    Arms and Armor of the Roman Empire
    The legions of the Roman Empire were equipped with some of the best arms and armor of the ancient world. These superior weapons, coupled with the highly trained and committed Roman soldiers, ensured the Roman Empire that they possessed one of the most dominant military organizations the world had ever known.
    Alphabetical
    Recent Up a category Arma - Newsletter of the Roman Military Equipment Conference Arma is the newsletter of the Roman Military Equipment Conference (ROMEC) which, since 1983, has met to discuss the arms, armour, and military fittings of the Roman army. Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies This academic journal is dedicated to the study of the weapons, armour, and military fittings of the armies and enemies of Rome and Byzantium.

    30. The Roman Empire (400 BC - 146 BC)
    which would rear several military geniuses of their own Carthage and Rome . Discover the importance of the roman navy to the empire through this
    http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/theromanempire/
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    The Roman Empire (400 BC - 146 BC)
    Within the heart of this selected period, perhaps the greatest commander of all time, Alexander the Great, was establishing an empire stretching from Macedonia to India. However, to the west, two powers were rising which would rear several military geniuses of their own Carthage and Rome. Discover the rise and ultimate clash of these two Mediterranean powers through our collection of links.
    Alphabetical
    Recent Up a category The Romans Would you like to learn more about the history and culture of ancient Rome? Let our Guide to Ancient History, N.S. Gill, take you on a tour of the Empire. BBC - The Roman Army Provided by the BBC, this children's introduction to the Roman army is excellent even for us big kids!

    31. Remnants Of The Roman Empire
    According to Gibbon s Decline and Fall of the roman empire, Aetius soothed the And with the withdrawal of the roman military, Celtic nationalism arose.
    http://www.fsmitha.com/h1/ch26.htm

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    Remnants of the Roman Empire
    Invaders and Diminishing Roman Power
    After the Visigoths besieged and departed from Rome, a storm frustrated their plans to cross from southern Italy into North Africa. The Visigoth leader, Alaric, died, and instead of trying to cross the Mediterranean the Visigoths journeyed north into southwestern Gaul , spreading what to some appeared to be God's punishment of Rome. From his palace in Ravenna , the Roman emperor in the west, Honorius, felt obliged to make peace with the Visigoths. His sister, Placidia, married their new leader, Atauf. And, in 418, the Visigoths were granted a legal domain in southwestern Gaul. The Visigoths made Toulouse their capital, and they established themselves as protectors of those who were there when they arrived. In accord with Roman tradition, as protectors the Visigoths had the right to possess from one-third to two-thirds of the land or the produce from those lands. Local people who owned large tracts of land lost much of it to the Visigoths, while most who came under Visigoth rule had little land to lose. The Visigoths were awed by Roman civilization. They adopted local methods of agriculture and the Arian branch of Christianity. They began to learn Latin, and they administered their territory as the Romans had, using local Roman bureaucrats. Those who had been there before the Visigoths (the Gallo-Romans) began adopting Germanic ways. They wanted to belong. Some of them began wearing Visigoth trousers instead of the Roman toga. Some wore the jewelry worn by Visigoths, and they imitated the rougher manners of the Visigoths.

    32. Rulers Of The Roman Empire (table)
    Diocletian, military commander, divided the empire; ruled jointly with Maximian and THE SURVIVAL OF THE EASTERN roman empire. (History Today)
    http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0842659.html
    var zflag_nid="162"; var zflag_cid="57/1"; var zflag_sid="53"; var zflag_width="728"; var zflag_height="90"; var zflag_sz="14"; in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia
    Daily Almanac for
    Sep 25, 2005

    33. Medieval Sourcebook: Gibbon: The Fall Of The Roman Empire
    If the decline of the roman empire was hastened by the conversion of Constantine, The military art has been changed by the invention of gunpowder;
    http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/gibbon-fall.html
    Medieval Sourcebook:
    Edward Gibbon: General Observations on the Fall of the Roman Empire in the West
    from The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire , Chapter 38
    I
    II.
    III.
    Since the first discovery of the arts, war, commerce, and religious zeal have diffused, among the savages of the Old and New World, those inestimable gifts: they have been successively propagated; they can never be lost. We may therefore acquiesce in the pleasing conclusion that every age of the world has increased, and still increases, the real wealth, the happiness, the knowledge, and perhaps the virtue, of the human race.[15]
    NOTES
    [[2]] See the inestimable remains of the sixth book of Polybius, and many other parts of his general history, particularly a digression in the seventeenth [leg. eighteenth] book, in which he compares: the phalanx and the legion [c. 12-15]. [[3]] Sallust, de Bell. Jugurthin. c. 4. Such were the generous professions of P. Scipio and Q. Maximus. The Latin historian had read, and most probably transcribed, Polybius, their contemporary and friend. [[4]] While Carthage was in flames, Scipio repeated two lines of the Iliad, which express the destruction of Troy, acknowledging to Polybius, his friend and preceptor (Polyb. in Excerpt. de Virtut. et Vit. tom. ii. p. 1466-1465 [xxxix. 3]), that, while he recollected the vicissitudes of human affairs, he inwardly applied them to the future calamities of Rome (Appian. in Libycis, p. 136, edit. Toll. [Punica, c. 82]).

    34. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Late Antiquity
    military Revolution and Government; The End of the roman empire in the West 2ND Edward Gibbon On the Fall of the roman empire At this Siteadded
    http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook10.html
    Halsall Home Medieval Sourcebook Modern History Sourcebook
    Other History Sourcebooks: African East Asian Indian Islamic ... Rome Late Antiquity Christian Origins See Main Page for a guide to all contents of all sections. Contents

    35. Military History Of The Roman Empire: Information From Answers.com
    military history of the roman empire Soldiers reenacting the roman Army onmanoeuvres Rome was a militarized state whose history was often closely.
    http://www.answers.com/topic/military-history-of-the-roman-empire
    showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping military history of the Roman Empire Wikipedia military history of the Roman Empire Soldiers reenacting the Roman Army on manoeuvres Rome was a militarized state whose history was often closely entwined with its military history over the 1228 years that the Roman state is traditionally said to have existed. The core of the military history of the Roman Empire is the account of its great land battles, from the conquest of Italy to its final battles against the Huns . This account may be divided into the Republic period, when Rome was primarily expansionist, and the Imperial period, when Rome focused on maintaining its borders.
    Institutions
    See also Roman military structure
    Roman army
    History and evolution
    "Roman Army" is the name given to the sophisticated collection of soldiers and other military forces which served the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire . The Army dominated much of the land surrounding the Mediterranean Sea , including the province of Britannia and Asia Minor at the Empire's height. Beginning as a

    36. Roman: Information From Answers.com
    The name romans may also be applied to. Byzantine empire — Eastern roman empire roman road — as a military, commercial, and political expedient, romans
    http://www.answers.com/topic/roman-7
    showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Roman Wikipedia Roman Roman or Romans has several meanings, primarily related to the Roman citizens , but also applicable to typography math , and several geographic locations.
    Usages relating to the people and society of Rome
    The noun Roman means a citizen of Rome . The adjective Roman means pertaining or related to Rome. The name Romans in historical texts often refers to the three main epochs of ancient Rome The name Romans may also be applied to:
    See also

    37. Encyclopedia: Roman Empire
    The roman empire s influence on government, law, military, and monumentalarchitecture, as well as many other aspects of Western life remains inescapable.
    http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Roman-Empire

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    Encyclopedia: Roman Empire
    Updated 2 days 3 hours 57 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Roman Empire Imperium Romanum
    Roman Empire
    National Motto
    Senatus Populusque Romanus

    Latin
    : "Senate and People of Rome")
    Official language
    Latin Greek Capital ... Consuls Deliberative Body Roman Senate Legislature Roman assemblies Area
    - % water 1st before collapse
    approx. 3.5 million square miles at its height
    Population

    1st before collapse Estimated at 50-120 million Establishment September 2 31 BC Dissolution ... September 4 of the western part; transformation into Byzantine Empire in the east First emperor Caesar Augustus 27 BC 14 AD Last emperor Romulus Augustus Julius Nepos was recognized as "Western Roman Emperor" until his death in 480.

    38. Encyclopedia: Eastern Roman Empire
    The roman empire was divided further by Valens successor Theodosius I (also Constans II divided the empire into a system of military provinces called
    http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Eastern-Roman-Empire

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    Encyclopedia: Eastern Roman Empire
    Updated 228 days 11 hours 31 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Eastern Roman Empire Timeline Byzantine Empire Date Event Constantine I makes Constantinople his capital The Empire is split into Eastern and Western halves, following the death of Theodosius I Justinian I becomes emperor Iconoclasm controversies The Church in Rome breaks with the Church in Constantinople Constantinople is occupied by crusaders Constantinople is liberated by the Byzantine emperor Michael Palaeologus. Ottoman Turks take Constantinople. End of Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages , centered around its capital in Constantinople . There is no consensus on the starting date of the Byzantine period. Some place it during the reign of Diocletian (284-305) due to the administrative reforms he introduced, dividing the empire into a

    39. Hail Bush: A New Roman Empire - Smh.com.au
    With the rise of the New Age roman empire, Jonathan Freedland asks how long beforethe More to the point, the US has military bases, or base rights,
    http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/09/19/1032054915705.html
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    Hail Bush: A new Roman empire
    September 20 2002 They came, they saw, they conquered. Now the United States dominates the world. With the rise of the New Age Roman empire, Jonathan Freedland asks how long before the fall? The word of the hour is empire. As the United States marches to war, no other label quite seems to capture the scope of American power or the scale of its ambition. "Sole superpower" is accurate enough, but seems oddly modest. "Hyperpower" might appeal to the French; "hegemon" is favoured by academics. But empire is the big one, the gorilla of geopolitical designations - and suddenly the US is bearing its name. Of course, enemies of the US have shaken their fist at its "imperialism" for decades: they are doing it again now, as Washington wages a global "war against terror" and braces itself for a campaign aimed at "regime change" in a foreign, sovereign state. What is more surprising, and much newer, is that the notion of a US empire has suddenly become a live debate inside the US. And not just among Europhile liberals either, but across the range - from left to right. Today a liberal dissenter such as Gore Vidal, who called his most recent collection of essays on the US

    40. Roman Decadence, Rome And Romania, And The Emperors Who Weren't
    Arther Ferrill, in The Fall of the roman empire, the military Explanation Thamesand Hudson, London, 1986, identifies this as the fatal,
    http://www.friesian.com/decdenc1.htm
    Decadence, Rome and Romania, the Emperors Who Weren't, and Other Reflections on Roman History
    What do you think of the state of Romania?
    Does it stand as from the beginning,
    or has it been diminished? Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati , 634 AD , A.H.M. Jones, The Later Roman Empire, 284-602 [The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986], p. 316
    Decadence
    Everyone knows why the Roman Empire fell. It became "decadent," meaning weak and immoral. The Romans were so busy at their orgies (often with their siblings), throwing Christians to the lions, poisoning their spouses, parents, and children, and eating exotic parts of animals (like hummingbird tongues), in between visits to the vomitorium so they could eat more, that they didn't notice all the Germans gathering on the frontiers. Then the ruthless pagan Germans rode in, trampled under their horses' hooves the few poor debauched legionnaires who remained, still foolishly fighting on foot, sacked Rome, destroyed civilization, overthrew the last emperor in 476, and ushered in the Dark Ages, from which Europe only emerged with the Renaissance, a thousand years later, when gunpowder finally could defeat mounted warriors. As the columnist Joseph Sobran wrote recently: Christianity built a new civilization on the "ruins" of the old. Although accepted by no real historians, this cartoonish image looms large in popular discourse, is lovingly promoted in the movies, like Frederico Fellini's

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