81. MSN Encarta - Byzantine Empire Byzantine empire, eastern part of the roman empire, which survived after the The empire, with limited resources, could no longer maintain the full http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761561530/Byzantine_Empire.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items overview art and architecture more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Byzantine Empire Search for books and more related to Byzantine Empire Encarta Search Search Encarta about Byzantine Empire Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Byzantine Empire ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Byzantine Empire Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 5 items Article Outline Introduction Early Period The Empire Besieged Age of Reconquest ... The Byzantine Legacy I Introduction Print Preview of Section Byzantine Empire , eastern part of the Roman Empire , which survived after the breakup of the Western Empire in the 5th century ad . Its capital was Constantinople (now İstanbul, Turkey). Constantinople became a capital of the Roman Empire in 330 after Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor, refounded the city of Byzantium and named it after himself. Only gradually did it develop into the true capital of the eastern Roman provinces—those areas of the empire in southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia, and the northeast corner of Africa, which included the present-day countries of the Balkan Peninsula , and Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Cyprus, Egypt, and the eastern part of Libya. Scholars have called the empire Byzantine after the ancient name of its capital, Byzantium, or the Eastern Roman Empire, but to contemporaries and in official terminology of the time, it was simply Roman, and its subjects were Romans (

82. Italian Peninsula, 1-500 A.D. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metropolitan Museu 14–37 AD) is left master of the roman empire. His assumption of power is thefirst step This extravagance and disregard for the general population, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/05/eust/ht05eust.htm

Encompasses present-day Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City See abridged lists of Byzantine rulers and rulers of the Roman Empire See also Balkan Peninsula and Iberian Peninsula Under the Roman emperors, the Italian peninsula, particularly Rome and its surrounding areas, experiences great achievements in literature, architecture, and the arts. An eventual decline in imperial power and the threat of invasions across the Alps to the north of the peninsula, however, lead to economic and political collapse. Constantinople replaces Rome as the new capital in 330 A.D., and the Italian peninsula, as part of the Western Roman Empire, eventually falls to the Ostrogoths in 476. During the fifth century, the papacy at Rome gradually establishes its ascendancy over the Western Christian Church. Augustus The Roman architects Severus and Celer build Nero's "domus aurea," literally "Golden House." The opulent building attests to the emperor's arrogance and extravagance. This extravagance and disregard for the general population, as well as the fire in 64 A.D. that ruins half the city of Rome, leads to a conspiracy to assassinate him. Forced to flee, he commits suicide in 68 A.D. Year of the "Four Emperors." The two battles at Cremona in northern Italy lead to the establishment of the

83. Classics At Victoria University Of Wellington: Roman World Links Links to resources on the roman world, from Classics at Victoria Maps andCodices of the roman empire Contains sketches of the roman Forum and Campus http://www.vuw.ac.nz/classics/links/roman_world.html

Home Degrees Courses Staff ... The Roman World You are here: Home Links The Roman World Links On this page: General Art, Architecture and Sites History Languages and Epigraphy ... Miscellaneous General This is a collection of sites on the Roman world, Italy, and Etruria, both ancient and modern. The Center for Roman Studies A research programme at the University of Reading, combining Archaeology, Classics and History of Art. Forum Romanum A centralized, up-to-date catalogue of all Latin texts currently available on the internet. Rom im WorldWideWeb From the KIRKE site at Berlin University. Roman Sites An exhaustive site by Bill Thayer, a subsite of Lacus Curtius: Into the Roman World Romarch: Roman Art and Archaeology Another valuable resource for Roman studies, hosted by DePauw University. Page Top Art, Architecture and Sites Art, Archaeology, Pictures Part of Classics at Oxford, links to various picture libraries and research projects on the classical world. The Christian Catacombs of Rome Religious, historical and archaeological aspects.

84. Byzantine And Medieval Web Links general resources. general History; general Research resources roman andByzantine Sites in Israel Part of a much larger illustrated guide to historic http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/medweb/links.htm

Back to Internet History Sourcebooks Project Last Update : September 9, 1998 INDEX Notice: until this list is updated, please use www.netserf.org [March 2001: this list is now quite out dated. Many links are dead, and there are hundreds of of additional resources around. Manual maintence of this list long ago became unfeasible. I do intend to update it, once I have located good links management software.] This page attempts to track ALL Byzantine material on the Internet, and ALL significant entry points for Medieval studies. Ancient and Classical links, except insofar as they impinge directly on Byzantine and Western Medieval matters, should be sought out via the direct links provided to ARGOS associates which track and maintain sites devoted to the Ancient world. Since this page was begun, the Medieval and Byzantine Internet has exploded in size. As a result, although I will take suggestions, I will no longer add the following materials: Syllabi for courses, unless the page contains additional material - texts, graphics, lecture notes. History Department sites, unless the page contains additional material - texts, graphics (etc.)

85. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Main Page general; Rome Major Historians Complete Texts; Etruscans; roman Foundations roman Law; The Army; The empire and Provinces. Rome As Imperial Capital http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook.html

Halsall Home Medieval Sourcebook Modern History Sourcebook Other History Sourcebooks: African East Asian Indian Islamic ... Science Main Page Full Texts Legal Texts Additions Search ... IHSP Credits The Internet Ancient History Sourcebook has expanded greatly since its creation, and now contains hundred of local files as well as links to source texts throughout the net. See Introduction for an explanation of the Sourcebook's goals. See the Help! page for all the help on research I can offer. Although I am more than happy to receive notes if you have comments on this web site, I cannot answer specific research enquiries [and - for students - I cannot, or rather will not, do your homework.] The Ancient History Sourcebook works as follows: This Main Index page [this page] shows all sections and sub sections. These have also been regularized in a consistent hierarchy. This should allow rapid review of where texts are. To access the sub-section pages , simply browse the sections below and select the highlighted (white text with blue background) section title on the left.

86. The Roman Empire site is the biggest online resource on the history of the roman empire ! general Material on roman History Maps and Codices of the roman empire http://www.roman-empire.net/links/links-general.html

87. AllRefer.com - Libya - Libya And The Romans | Libyan Information Resource Although expeditions penetrated deep into Fezzan, in general Rome sought to Although the roman empire eventually recognized their overlordship in much http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/libya/libya13.html

You are here allRefer Reference Libya History ... Libya Libya Libya and the Romans Under the Ptolemies, Cyrenaica had become the home of a large Jewish community, whose numbers were substantially increased by tens of thousands of Jews deported there after the failure of the rebellion against Roman rule in Palestine and the destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70. Some of the refugees made their way into the desert, where they became nomads and nurtured their fierce hatred of Rome. They converted to Judaism many of the Berbers with whom they mingled, and in some cases whole tribes were identified as Jewish. In 115 the Jews raised a major revolt in Cyrenaica that quickly spread through Egypt back to Palestine. The uprising was put down by 118, but only after Jewish insurgents had laid waste to Cyrenaica and sacked the city of Cyrene. Contemporary observers counted the loss of life during those years at more than 200,000, and at least a century was required to restore Cyrenaica to the order and prosperity that had meanwhile prevailed in Tripolitania. As part of his reorganization of the empire in 300, the Emperor Diocletian separated the administration of Crete from Cyrenaica and in the latter formed the new provinces of Upper Libya and Lower Libya, using the term

88. Ancient Rome - Roman History - Academic Info Ancient Rome Directory of Online roman History resources Sections includeThe roman empire ; Ancient Voices ; The Social Order ; Life in roman Times http://www.academicinfo.net/histancrome.html

Academic Info Ancient Rome - Directory of Online Roman History Resources Home Search Index Contact ... Ancient History Ancient Rome Humanities Languages Latin Academic Info History Bookstore A growing collection of titles most at 40 to 80% off list prices. See also our Roman Archaeology page. VRoma A Virtual Community for Teaching and Learning Classics "VRoma is first and foremost a community of scholars, both teachers and students, who help to create on-line resources for teaching Latin and ancient Roman culture and who use these resources in their courses...an on-line 'place,' modeled upon the ancient city of Rome, where students and instructors can interact live, hold courses and lectures, and share resources for the study of the ancient world...These extendible and customizable resources will include texts, commentaries, images, maps and other materials." A wonderful resource and teaching tool. The Avalon Project at the Yale Law School Ancient, Medieval and Renaissance Documents Agrarian Law; 111 B.C. Julian Law on Agrarian Matters, 58(?) B.C. ... BBC History - Romans "There are many views of the Roman way of life - from those of women, to those of the citizens of Pompeii... Find out about Roman culture in Britain, and the lasting impact of this ancient civilisation." Sections include: The Roman Empire ; Multimiedia Zone ; Pompeii ; The Romans in Britain ; Timeline ; Roman Religion.

89. URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) Of Interest What is Constantine s role in the general councils and synods of the early His thinking still dominates the way historians look at the roman empire, http://www.crab.rutgers.edu/~verbrugg/resou305.html

Sites of Interest for the late ancient world and the early medieval period. Classics is a wonderful jumping off point to dozens of other world wide web servers with goodies to offer about the ancient world. Ecoleweb is an attempt to construct a world wide web encyclopedia on early church history. Because of its nature, there is much on "pagan" religion before Christianity, as well as on medieval Christianity, as well as on Judaism and Islam. Ancient Sourcebook : contains a large number of sources for the High Empire and Late Antique Rome Medieval Sourcebook contains a large number of sources for the early medieval period as well as for all the medieval period and the early modern period. De Imperatoribus Romanis contains biographical and historical information about Roman emperors both in the west and the east. The following sites have a good collection of pictures of ancient sites. Maecenas LacusCurtius The following sites have pictures, plans, etc. of specific sites. The Architecture of Pompeii: Public Sites Pictures of Pompeii Pompeii Forum Project Dead Romans-Forum Romanum ... The Imperial Fora Help with Assigned Readings as well as the URLs to the electronic versions of some of these readings.

90. Spanish History And Events. Links To Resources For The History Of Spain. Important dates events and links to resources for the History of Spain. Spain also gave much to the roman empire. In politics Spain contributed some of http://property-travel-spain.com/spanish-history.htm

Brief History of Spain Dates, Events and Interpretation. Spanish History - Prehistory until 133 B.C. Long before recorded history Spain already had the character of a peninsular bridge, a role determined both by its geographic situation between two continents, and by the importance or of the cultures produced by the peoples on both sides. This double influence was seen as early as the times when European man still dwelt in caves, and shows in the analysis of Spain's pre-historic cave paintings. 10,000 B.C The paintings of the north, to be seen at Atamira near Santander are dated around 10,000 B.C., and exhibit similarities to the French cave paintings, while that found on the East Coast is of African style. This indicates the veryearly contact of Spain with its neighbours on both sides. The first group to be found evidenced in the peninsula is the Iberian, which gave its name to this land. There area number of theories about them, the most widely accepted being that they were invaders from Africa, who made the crossing to Andalusia at an early date. 1200 B.C

91. The Holy Roman Empire The Holy roman empire was the medieval state that embraced most of Their power,however, depended on their German resources, which were never great. http://serendipity.nofadz.com/twz/hre.html

The Holy Roman Empire by Raymond H. Schmandt The Holy Roman Empire was the medieval state that embraced most of central Europe and Italy under the rule of the German kings from 962 to 1806. It was considered to be a restoration and continuation of the ancient Roman Empire, although in fact it had little in common with its predecessor. Earlier, the Frankish king Charlemagne had revived the same name. His Roman Empire lasted from 800 to 925. In 962, Otto I of Germany and Pope John XII cooperated in a second revival. Threatened in his possession of the Papal States by Berengar II, king of Italy, John begged Otto to come to his aid. Otto did so, and the pope solemnly crowned him Emperor of the Romans as a reward. From this time, the German kings claimed the right to rule the empire. The Theory of the Empire The churchmen who crowned the emperors, and thus actually sustained the Empire, considered it to be the church's secular arm, sharing responsibility for the welfare and spread of the Christian faith and duty-bound to protect the Papacy. This view of the relationship between church and state, which dated from the reign of Roman emperor Constantine I, was generally accepted by both emperors and Popes. In practice, however, this partnership seldom worked smoothly, as one of the partners inevitably tried to dominate the other. Frequent fluctuations in the actual power and vitality of each individual as well as changes in the prevailing political and theological theories gave a fluid, dynamic quality to the empire's history.

92. Ancient Rome, Republic, Augustus, Jews, Christians, Pax Roman, Cicero, Governmen general Rome Republic to empire Augustus The Leader Jews and Christiansin the empire Augustus From Illustrated History of the roman empire. http://www.crf-usa.org/cityyouth/rome.htm

For more information about CityYouth: Ancient History click here. CityYouth: Ancient History Ancient Rome General Rome: Republic to Empire Augustus: The Leader Jews and Christians in the Empire General Rome A comprehensive history of ancient Rome. To get started, click on "Contents." From Richard Hooker. Lectures from the History Guide Early Roman Civilization, 753-509 BC Republican Rome, 509-31 BC Augustus Caesar and the Pax Romana ... Ancient Rome Information on Roman eras and rulers. From Rome Unleashed. Ancient Rome Information on ancient Roman daily life and art, along with pictures and maps. From Eric Rymer. Ancient Rome Links to ancient Roman art, life, leaders, and artifacts. From Joe Shetler. Ancient Rome A great collection of links on ancient Rome. From Bill Thayer. Ancient Rome From Chrysalinks. Rome Primary sources from the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook. Ancient Rome Classroom Resources Lessons on ancient Rome. From PBS.

93. History And Geography Links Europe from the late roman empire to the advent of the roman empire 940.1 general History of Arabian Peninsula. ArabNet - online resource for the http://library.loganutah.org/directory/links/history.html

Logan Library's Internet Directory History and Geography Specific Countries: A-C D-I J-N O-S ... Native Americans United States General Northeastern United States - 917.4, 974 Southeastern United States - 917.5, 975 South central United States - 917.6, 976 ... History of the ancient world - 930-939 Geography, history, and auxiliary disciplines - 900: - Government site featuring United States geospatial data on a variety of topics. The Map Viewer allows you to create, save, and print your own maps. HistoryWired - online exhibit from the National Museum of American History showing rarely seen objects - 900 Miscellany of history - 902: AlternaTime Historic Cities - maps, literature, documents, books and other relevant information on the past, present and future of historic cities WhoWhatWhen: Interactive Historical Timelines - database of people and events from 1000 A.D. to the present; searchable by date, year, famous individual, or contemporaries in the same field Urban Planning, 1794-1918 - primary source material for the study of how urban planning developed up to the end of World War I Collected Accounts of Events - 904: EyeWitness - "history through the eyes of those who loved it," repository of personal narratives covering the ancient world to World War II - 904

94. Bible Resource Center - VsItemDisplay roman empire. In 700 BC, Rome was a small city in Italy that controlled only the In 63 BC, roman troops led by the general Pompey (106–48 BC) took over http://www.bibleresourcecenter.org/vsItemDisplay.dsp&objectID=AD4CAE51-6727-4B01

Daily Bible Reading Virtual Library Ask a Scholar Questions regarding the scripture? Get answers from ABS Scholars. Roman Empire In 700 B.C., Rome was a small city in Italy that controlled only the area close around it. By 508 B.C. it had developed the form of government known as a republic in which the people chose the leaders they wanted to represent them. By the later second century B.C. Rome had conquered large parts of Greece and Asia Minor, as well as sections of North Africa, France, Spain, and many of the islands in the Mediterranean Sea. In 63 B.C., Roman troops led by the general Pompey (106–48 B.C.) took over Palestine. After Julius Caesar, the first Roman emperor, died in 44 B.C., his successor, Augustus, extended the empire to include Egypt, most of Asia Minor, England, and parts of Germany. The top layer of Roman society was a group of 600 senators, who had to have a huge amount of money to hold this office. Below them were the knights, who needed considerably less money for their office. The population included citizens who had certain privileges and official protection, former slaves called “freedmen,” and large numbers of slaves. The status of women was based on the social status of their fathers or husbands. Women from the upper classes enjoyed many legal rights and privileges not available to men or women of lower classes. Each region of the empire was ruled by a governor. Those governors who were appointed by the senate were called “proconsuls,” and those chosen by the emperor were called “procurators.”

95. Rome: The Past Is Present This site offers a great clickable map of the roman empire that provides links to Rome Map resources This page provides access to a map of the roman http://kathyschrock.net/webquests/FOULKE/rmwebrs.htm

Information Resources on Ancient Rome Local Information Resources For your survey and research, use both print and electronic resources. To do your individual investigation of something in the modern world that you can relate to Rome, use museums, historical societies, a walk through downtown, newspapers, magazines and other local current resources. Here are some suggestions for the Providence, Rhode Island area: Rhode Island School of Design Museum Brown University campus and the area many downtown buildings Books and Periodicals There are numerous books available about ancient Rome. In libraries that use the Dewey Decimal system, you will find the majority of books in the 937's. Use the catalog of your library to make sure you've found themsome libraries use an older number for ancient history. And not every book about Rome is found in the Roman History section; David Macaulay's City is usually placed in the Architecture section, for example. Some of the more recent books are well-illustrated and provide a brief survey of different topic areas. Two older general titles that provide a great deal of specific information about many topics are Mary Johnston's Roman Life and F.R. Cowell's

96. Bible History Links - Maps : General Maps Geography general A roman Atlas A very large collection of maps and a Map of the roman empire Clickable map of Ancient roman empire about 120 AD http://www.bible-history.com/links.php?cat=22&sub=55&cat_name=Maps & Geography&s

97. Nemesis Of The Roman Empire Hands-On Preview - Nemesis Of The Roman Empire Previ GameSpot provides indepth previews about Nemesis of the roman empire and Your job is to network the flow of these resources to your city and to http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/celtickingspunicwars/preview_6089474.html

GameSpot GameFAQs MP3.com TV.com ... Nemesis of the Roman Empire Publisher: Enlight Software Developer: Haemimont Genre: Strategy Release Date: GameSpace Review Previews News Downloads Movies Cheats Check Prices Nemesis of the Roman Empire is a historical real-time strategy game about the biggest grudge match of the ancient worldthe three wars fought between Rome and Carthage in the second and third centuries BC. The conflicts known as the Punic Wars were so brutal that when Rome finally managed to defeat Carthage decisively, Roman legions razed Carthage, killed all its inhabitants, and salted the earth to prevent crops from ever growing there again. Nemesis will give you a chance to command the forces of Rome and Carthage, as well as two other factions. Perhaps you can rewrite history? Numidian camel riders and Carthaginian elephants lay waste to a defending Iberian army. Watch out for those tusks! Developed by Bulgaria's Haemimont Games, Nemesis is actually the follow-up to Celtic Kings: Rage of War. (In Europe, Nemesis will be published under the name Celtic Kings: The Punic Wars.) Like Celtic Kings, Nemesis combines real-time strategy and role-playing game elements. In the single-player adventures, you'll lead your character on a series of missions that will incorporate a lot of exploring and interaction with nonplayer characters. Depending on which side you're playing, you may repel a Carthaginian offensive on the Iberian Peninsula, invade Iberia, conquer Sicily in the First Punic War, or wage the battles of the famed Carthaginian general Hannibal.

98. German Genealogy: Habsburg Empire The Holy roman empire however came crashing to an end as result of the generalkarte von Mitteleuropa general Map of Central Europe circa 1890, http://www.genealogienetz.de/reg/AUT/aut-hun.html

Genealogy Home What's New General Help Regional Research German Genealogy: Habsburg Empire This page still under construction. Contents: General Information Genealogical and Historical Societies Genealogical and Historical Records Gazetteers and Maps ... Predecessor States, Historical- and Geographic Regions General Information Description Introduction This regional page describes the Habsburg Empire as it existed from 1814-1918. The Empire was called the Austrian Empire starting in 1814 and the Austro-Hungarian Empire after 1867. The non-Hungarian half of the dual monarchy did not, in effect, have its own name and was officially referred to as the "kingdoms and crownlands represented in the imperial parliament." In popular parlance, this half of the empire came to be known as Austria, or Cis-Leithania , meaning the lands on "this side" (from the perspective of Vienna) of the Leitha River which formed part of the boundary of Austria and Hungary. Researchers of ancestors who lived in the Empire may also wish to visit our regional page for the state of Austria which at its capital Vienna maintains an enormous number of the Empire's records.

99. IGN: Nemesis Of The Roman Empire Review IGN is the ultimate resource for Nemesis of the roman empire reviews stand upand challenge roman dominance thanks to a talented general named Hannibal. http://pc.ign.com/articles/504/504615p1.html

IGN.com Xbox GameCube PC Games ... My Wishlist Find Game Plan Your Trip to IGN Live Join our party and play all these games early! Also, meet Jessica compete in tourneys and more From Russia 50 Cent B-proof Gauntlet: SS SmackDown 2006 King Kong SECTIONS CHANNELS Insider Members Games Entertainment IGN Services GET GAMES Compare Prices IGN Games PC Games ... Nemesis of the Roman Empire (PC) Boards Guide FAQs Cheats Reviews Previews News ... Features Nemesis of the Roman Empire Review Another worthy strategy title is released into the already crowded market. by Dan Adams April 6, 2004 - It would have been easy for me to quit this game after the first few hours of playing and say that I hated it. Mostly because I really did hate it because of one stupid level that hurt my ego and crushed my spirit. I'm really not sure what it was that finally got me over the hump and allowed me to have fun, but it eventually happened. I guess games like this one give me some more appreciation for the fact that I'm required to push my way through the pain and get to know a game better than simple first impressions. There's still an amount of frustration with Nemesis of the Roman Empire that I just can't get over, but the core of this game certainly isn't rotten. There are actually some pretty good mechanics at work here to create a game that forces quick thinking and immediate reaction. It's a good game that needs a bit of help to become a great game.

100. IGN: Nemesis Of The Roman Empire Preview IGN is the ultimate resource for Nemesis of the roman empire previews featuring None other than general Hannibal Barca himself. Things start off small, http://pc.ign.com/articles/490/490638p1.html

IGN.com Xbox GameCube PC Games ... My Wishlist Find Game Plan Your Trip to IGN Live Join our party and play all these games early! Also, meet Jessica compete in tourneys and more From Russia 50 Cent B-proof Gauntlet: SS SmackDown 2006 King Kong SECTIONS CHANNELS Insider Members Games Entertainment IGN Services GET GAMES Compare Prices IGN Games PC Games ... Nemesis of the Roman Empire (PC) Boards Guide FAQs Cheats Reviews Previews News ... Features Nemesis of the Roman Empire Preview We take a look at the historical RTS. by Juan Castro February 6, 2004 Nemesis of the Roman Empire comes to us during an influx of historical real-time strategy games when gamers itching to kick medieval ass RTS style can choose from a wealth of titles. Enter Nemesis , the newest title enabling gamers to jump out of their tanks and onto armored horses, elephants, and even camels. Nemesis is the sequel to Celtic Kings: Rage of War , an innovative title that blended role-play elements with military strategy. Nemesis follows the same basic premise of its older brother while greatly expanding gameplay options. For starters, you can now wage war from four different sides, adding two more than the previous installment. The first game detailed the struggle between Julius Caesar's Roman Republic and the Gallic Tribes, whose bad fortune had them sharing a border with Rome.

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