41. HIS/CLC 420: Selected Topics In Ancient History: The Roman Empire HIS/CLC 420 Selected Topics in ancient history The roman empire In the popular mind, the roman empire is associated with mad emperors, http://puffin.creighton.edu/hist/desc420e.htm

HIS/CLC 420: Selected Topics in Ancient History: The Roman Empire Usual Instructor: Dr. Dugan In the popular mind, the Roman Empire is associated with mad emperors, Christians thrown to the lions, wild orgies, and lead pipes. HIS/CLC 420 will explore these popular images (well, maybe not the orgies) in the course of its survey of Roman history from the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC to the Gothic invasions of the fifth century AD. Among those topics receiving special attention will be Roman power politics, the rise of Christianity, Roman society and culture, and life in the far-flung provinces of the Empire. Readings will include such classical authors as Tacitus, Suetonius, Juvenal, and Josephus.

42. Ancient History: Definition And Much More From Answers.com ancient history n. The history of times long past. Informal. Changes in the roman empire Essays in the Ordinary, Ramsay MacMullen, Princeton (1993) http://www.answers.com/topic/ancient-history

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Dictionary Idioms WordNet Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping ancient history Dictionary ancient history n. The history of times long past. Informal. Common knowledge, especially of a recent event that has lost its original impact or importance. var tcdacmd="cc=edu;dt"; Idioms ancient history A past event, as in She's talking about her sea voyage, but that's ancient history , or And then there was his divorce, but you don't want to hear ancient history . This hyperbolic idiom transfers the field of ancient history to a much-repeated tale. WordNet Note: click on a word meaning below to see its connections and related words. The noun ancient history has 2 meanings: Meaning #1 a history of the ancient world Meaning #2 knowledge of some recent fact or event that has become so commonly known that it has lost its original pertinence Wikipedia ancient history For other uses of the word ancient , see Ancient (disambiguation) Ancient history is from the period of time when writing and historical records first appear, roughly 5,500 years before the Birth of Christ. For some, the discovery of

43. Roman Empire: Definition And Much More From Answers.com The roman empire is the term conventionally used to describe the ancient roman ancient Historians of the empire. In Latin. Livy history is of roman http://www.answers.com/topic/roman-empire

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Dictionary History WordNet Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Roman Empire Dictionary Roman Empire also Rome rà m An empire that succeeded the Roman Republic during the time of Augustus, who ruled from 27 B.C. to A.D. 14. At its greatest extent it encompassed territories stretching from Britain and Germany to North Africa and the Persian Gulf. After 395 it was split into the Byzantine Empire and the Western Roman Empire, which rapidly sank into anarchy under the onslaught of barbarian invaders from the north and east. The last emperor of the West, Romulus Augustulus (born c. 461), was deposed by Goths in 476, the traditional date for the end of the empire. var tcdacmd="cc=edu;dt"; History Roman Empire The empire centered at the city of Rome , in what is now Italy ; the most extensive Western civilization of ancient times. According to legend, the empire was founded in 753 b.c.

44. History Links ancient history Sourcebook Paul Halsall (Fordham University, Bronx NY). The ancient history Discussion List Maps of the roman empire (Denis Bellemare) http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/histlink.html

Greek and Roman History Links, Documents, Notes The Association of Ancient Historians Ancient Historians in the U.S. and Canada Society of Ancient Military Historians (SAMH) De Re Militari Association. American Society of Greek and Latin Epigraphy (ASGLE). Directory of North American Egyptologists Internet Ancient History Resource Guide (Koen Verboven, University of Ghent) The Historical Text Archive. Yahoo's Ancient History List Ancient World Web Internet Ancient History Sourcebook Paul Halsall (Fordham University, Bronx NY) The Ancient History Discussion List Maps of the Roman Empire (Denis Bellemare) HISTORY/CLASSICS SEARCH ENGINES (U. Kentucky) Greek History and Civilization Materials about Sparta , including my Bibliography My brief bibliography on Greek and Roman Sport My brief bibliography on Alexander the Great My brief bibliography on Greek and Roman Women Kings of Lydia and Kings of the Medes and the Persians. The Kings of Athens Athenian material in the Chronicon of Eusebius-Jerome.

45. Daily Life In Ancient Rome Join the empire! Become a roman Citizen! If you had lived in ancient times, The father instructed his sons in roman law, history, customs, and physical http://members.aol.com/Donnclass/Romelife.html

Daily Life in Ancient Rome If you had lived in ancient times, would you have chosen to become a Roman citizen? You might have! The ancient Romans invented more games than any other culture. Birthdays were really big deals. They were celebrated as festivals, with gifts from friends and family and neighbors! Find out what the ancient Romans did all day! Read the delightfully zany, original story, Thomas, Greatest Lawyer in all...Rome! If you're in a hurry, use the Table of Contents to find just what you need! See ya round the Empire! Table of Contents Introduction The Baths Entertainment Breakfast ... ANCIENT ROME We're published! Please take a look at the Mr Donn and Maxie Series of Educational Materials for Social Studies Teachers! Each unit includes complete lesson plans and creative activities to keep your students busy and productive for weeks. Have a great year! Join the Empire! Become a Roman Citizen! If you had lived in ancient times, you could have applied to become a Roman citizen. Not everyone who applied was accepted, but anyone could apply. Would you have wanted to become a Roman citizen? Let's find out! The ancient Romans were very different from the ancient Greeks. The ancient

46. Ancient Roman History - Italian Genealogy Online roman empire history ancient history of the roman empire includes a roman Pictures of history - roman empire - Art and Architecture of ancient Rome, http://www.anzwers.org/free/italiangen/roman.html

Disable scripts disable activeX and Java and you will surf the internet more safely "All Roads Lead to Rome" "If a man were called to fix the period in the history of the world, during which the condition of the human race was most happy and prosperous, he would, without hesitation, name that which elapsed from the death of Domitian to the accession of Commodus." Chapter 3 - "History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" by Edward Gibbon Ancient Roman History Timeline - includes an in-depth review of the film "The Gladiator" and the actual historical events behind the film. The Roman Virtues - these are thought to be those qualities which gave the Roman Republic the moral strength to conquer and civilize the world. Factual Information About Ancient Rome - includes a Timeline of The Roman Empire 27 BC- AD 312 by Library ThinkQuest Ancient Rome Daily Life - A friendly look at the daily routines and lifestyle of the Ancient Romans. Fun to read.

47. Ancient/Biblical - Rome This website offers a comprehensive history of the roman empire and contains The Byzantine empire bridged the gap between ancient and early modern http://www.besthistorysites.net/AncientBiblical_Rome.shtml

Go to Teaching with Technology displayMenu(0); displayMenu(1); Topic : Rome Print this page Tip: Press ctrl and F (or apple and F on a Mac) to perform a keyword search of this page. To keyword search all Best of History Web Sites pages use the search engine located on the home page. This page was last updated July 19, 2005. Illustrated History of the Roman Empire This website offers a comprehensive history of the Roman Empire and contains interactive maps of Roman Italy, the Roman Empire and the City of Rome. Categories include: The Founding, The Kings, The Republic, Early Emperors, The Decline, The Collapse, Constantinople, Religion, Society and The Army. The Roman Empire in the 1st Century Meet the Emperors of Rome, read the words of poets and philosophers, learn about life in the 1st Century AD, then try your skills in our "Emperor of Rome" game! Features many classroom resources and a timeline. The Rome Project The Rome project offers an annotated index of Internet resources covering aspects of ancient Roman history and culture. Has links to sites that feature primary sources photographs and reconstructions. There are also articles relating to specific aspects of Rome and a clickable map of the Roman Empire Forum Romanum A nineteen year old freshman at Harvard has put together an award-winning site on Ancient Rome that includes a virtual tour, a dictionary of Mythology, a Picture Index, and much information on History, Life, Language, and Literature

48. Ancient History Links ancient history links for social studies. Over 300 links. roman empire Great Link on roman Army; roman names of cities what they are today http://killeenroos.com/link/anchist.htm

Ancient Civilizations More Asia links More African links More MesoAmerican links back to social studies link index ... Aeneid-Vergil's -The Legend of Aeneas and the Foundation of Rome an explanation also hypertexted version Ankhesenamun: Princess of Amarna /Queen of Destiny - Poignant biography of the Princess/Queen Ankhesenpaaten/Ankhesenamun -wife of the pharaoh Tutankhamun. Also features extensive Amarna book and link study resources, and a Galleria of Amarna art images. Argos - Search the Ancient World African - NUBIAN EXHIBITION: BROCHURE African Pottery Forming-Virtual Slide Show African Empires Ancient Contacts Between India And Greece @ The Aryan Pages ... African Outline with links - Web Chronolgy web site includes Nok, Kush, and Egypt Alphabets - Ancient development and connections - has a graphic organizer that shows the family tree of various alphabets and their links to each other from alphabets of the Middle East and connections to the Phoneican Ancient Scripts by region - Fertile Crescent, Africa, Europe, India, the Americas, Far East MesoAmerican scripts - includes Olmec and Mayan Inuktitut script - script which includes consonants (writing of the Eskimo) Alexander the Great Ancient Art has maps, pictures, study of vases by time period, history of Fertile Crescent, Greece and other civilizations. Very extensive.

49. General Ancient History Resources General ancient history Resources From the Chico High School Library The roman empire This is the Web page for history 1085, the roman empire. http://dewey.chs.chico.k12.ca.us/ss10.html

General Ancient History Resources From the Chico High School Library General Ancient History Resources Exploring Ancient World Cultures "An on-line course supplement for students and teachers of the ancient and medieval worlds; features its own essays and primary texts. Over time it will include chapter-length histories for each of the eight "cultures" represented: The Near East, India, Egypt, China, Greece, Rome, Early Islam and Medieval Europe. Aso includes a substantial index of internet sites, divided into five sub-indices: a chronology, an essay index, an image index, an internet site index and an electronic text index." Mayan Studies Links A collection of links to Internet information about Mayan and pre-Columbian civilizations of the Americas. Images, information and articles provide a lot of helpful resources. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World For their builders, the Seven Wonders were a celebration of religion, mythology, art, power, and science. For us, they reflect the ability of humans to change the surrounding landscape by building massive yet beautiful structures, one of which stood the test of time to this very day. Roman Law Links to Internet resources related to Roman Law.

50. Ancient History ancient history. Before Christ (BC) or Before the Common Era (BCE) romans conquer Seleucid empire. roman general Pompey conquers Jerusalem (63 BC). http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0001198.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... World History Ancient History Before Christ (B.C.) or Before the Common Era (B.C.E.) B.C. World History Some Ancient Civilizations Ra, Egyptian Sun God B.C. See also Egyptian Mythology The Great Pyramid at Giza (c. 2680 B.C. Kim Storm B.C. Peter F. Harrington Pythagoras B.C. Buddha B.C. B.C. B.C. See also Greek and Roman Mythology Tina Diodati Plato B.C. Augustus Caesar B.C. A.D. Mayan Hieroglyphics (c. 200 B.C. Pantheon in Rome(27 B.C. ; c. A.D. See also Greek and Roman Mythology Elaine Ouellette 4.5 billion B.C. Planet Earth formed. 3 billion B.C. First signs of primeval life (bacteria and blue-green algae) appear in oceans. 600 million B.C. Earliest date to which fossils can be traced. 4.4 million B.C. Earliest known hominid fossils ( Ardipithecus ramidus ) found in Aramis, Ethiopia, 1994. 4.2 million B.C. Australopithecus anamensis found in Lake Turkana, Kenya, 1995. 3.2 million

51. Civilizations: Fall Of Power - Ancient History Lesson Plan (grades 9-10) - Disco Illustrated history of the roman empire FAQ (See Why did Rome fall? ) http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/malaria_01.shtml; Why Rome Fell http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/civilizations_fallpower/

postionList = "compscreen,hedthick,admedia,tower,nuiad,interstitial"; OAS_RICH("interstitial"); OAS_RICH("admedia"); Grades K-5 Grades 6-8 Grades 9-12 Astronomy/Space ... Health History Ancient History U.S. History World History Life Science Animals Ecology Human Body The Microscopic World ... Weather Grade level: 9-10 Subject: Ancient History Duration: Two class periods Objectives Materials Procedures Evaluation ... DVD Use our free online Teaching Tools to create custom worksheets, puzzles and quizzes on this topic! Objectives Students will Understand the major events that occurred in the final centuries of the Roman Empire. Explore the different reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire. Write an editorial about one reason for Rome's fall. Discuss the legacies of ancient Rome. Materials Civilizations: Fall of Power video and VCR, or DVD and DVD player Internet access Procedures After watching the video, remind students that Rome had one of the most stable empires in history. It stretched from Britain to the Sahara Desert, from the Atlantic to the Euphrates. For centuries, the empire was united and prosperous. Then discuss the final centuries of the Roman Empire. In A.D. 285, the empire was split in two, East and West. In 312, Constantine became emperor. He eventually moved the capital of the empire from Rome to the city of Byzantium and renamed the new capital Constantinople. In 410 the Visigoths sacked Rome, and in 476 the last Roman emperor was overthrown. The Eastern part of the empire became known as the Byzantine Empire and remained powerful for several hundred years.

52. Rome’s Influence--Ancient History/World History Lesson Plan (grades 6-8)--Disco Students learn that the roman empire, even after its decline, had massive influences on the ancient Rome history of a Civilization That Ruled the World http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/prosperity/

postionList = "compscreen,hedthick,admedia,tower,nuiad,interstitial"; OAS_RICH("interstitial"); OAS_RICH("admedia"); Grades K-5 Grades 6-8 Grades 9-12 Astronomy/Space ... Health History Ancient History U.S. History World History Life Science Animals Ecology Human Body The Microscopic World ... Weather 6-8 > Ancient History Grade level: 6-8 Subject: Ancient History Duration: One class period Objectives Materials Procedures Adaptations ... Credit Objectives Find a video description, video clip, and discussion questions. Prosperity and Decline Ancient Rome 5-Pack Use our free online Teaching Tools to create custom worksheets, puzzles and quizzes on this topic! Students will understand the following: Materials For this lesson, you will need: Several college-level dictionaries Photocopier Procedures List the following 40 English words on the board or on a handout for each student: ambulatory amicable animate annual aquatic auditorium aviation calorie carnivore casual circumference colossal consul contemporary corporation deity domination egotist equinox fatuous fortify function inhabit legion linguistics lunatic manual medieval neutral normal oratorical paternity plebeian ridiculous scientific senate sinuous territory vacant verbatim Divide the class into several small groups, and assign each group an equal number of words from the list. One member of each group should act as secretary, dividing a piece of paper into four columns. Have the secretary list the words assigned to that group in the first column on the left. Give the students a three-part assignment:

53. Classics At Swarthmore - Ancient History Courses All of the courses in ancient history are primary distribution courses in This course will consider the history of the roman empire, from its near http://www.swarthmore.edu/Humanities/classics/Pages/anchist.html

Courses in Ancient History and Literature in Translation and Classical Archaeology 2005-2006 Ancient History All of the courses in ancient history are primary distribution courses in Social Sciences. They also count as prerequisites for advanced courses in the Department of History and as part of a major in History. Classics 042 - Democratic Athens Using diverse primary sources (Thucydides' Histories , tragedy, comedy, and others), this course explores several aspects of classical Athenian culture: democratic institutions and ideology, social structure, religion, intellectual trends, and the major historical events that affected all of these and shaped the Greek world in the fifth and early fourth centuries B.C. Social Sciences. 1 credit. Fall 2005. Munson Classics 044 - The Early Roman Empire A detailed study of the political, economic, social and cultural history of the Roman world from the fall of the Republic through the Antonine Age (50 B.C.-A.D. 192). Ancient authors read include Petronius, Apuleius, Suetonias and, above all, Tacitus. Social Sciences. 1 credit.

54. Ancient History - Enpsychlopedia One of the great fallacies of ancient history is the closer the event is to the Changes in the roman empire Essays in the Ordinary, Ramsay MacMullen, http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/Ancient_history

home resource directory disorders quizzes ... support forums Advertisement ( Ancient history For other uses of the word ancient , see Ancient (disambiguation) Ancient history is from the period of time when writing and historical records first appear, roughly 5,500 years before the Birth of Christ. For some, the discovery of agriculture , roughly 6,000 BC is the beginning of ancient history. The most common date for an end of ancient history in Europe is AD (the fall of the Western Roman Empire ), however the exact date is still disputed among various historians. In Europe ancient history was followed by Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000-5,500 years, with cuneiform possibly being the oldest form of writing. Genetic evidence, however, points to the first appearance of human beings about 150,000 years ago. There is also a growing body of evidence that Homo sapiens first left Africa about 60,000 years ago. Contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 What is written ancient history? 2 Chronology 2.1 Beginning of ancient history 2.2 Important events ... edit What is written ancient history? Ancient history is remote, selective, ill-documented, and bias. Of the 142 books of

55. Ancient History: Prospective Students ancient history, the historical study of the ancient Greek and roman worlds, roman history from Foundation to empire. A survey of roman history, http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/classics/undergrads/ancienthistory.shtml

Skip Navigation Undergraduate Programme School of Classics Ancient History: Prospective Students What is Ancient History and why study it Ancient History at St Andrews Courses What the students say ... Information for Current Students What is Ancient History and why study it? Ancient History, the historical study of the ancient Greek and Roman worlds, seen in their Mediterranean and Near Eastern contexts, spans a vast period, from the second millennium B.C. to the 5th Century A.D.Over this long stretch of time the ancient world was richly varied and creative in its political, social, economic and cultural life. Furthermore the classical ancient world stands at the beginning of western civilization, and though remote in time from the present, is also in many respects peculiarly close to it; many of the fundamental issues of human society which still exercise us today were first formulated in ancient times. The available evidence, though restricted in comparison with more recent periods of history, is constantly being enriched by new and significant archaeological discoveries. Ancient History at St Andrews The School of Classics is the largest in Scotland to specialize in Ancient History with a total number of students well in excess of a hundred every year. Friendliness of contact is established from the start of the course through small tutorial groups which enable students to get to know the staff and each other very quickly. The fact that all five members of staff share the lecturing in First Year also helps students feel part of the Department as a whole.

56. Harvard University Press/Ancient History Subject Index THE LATER roman empire AVERIL CAMERON. MAGIC IN THE ancient WORLD This sweeping history of the roman empire from 44 BC to AD 235 has three purposes to http://www.hup.harvard.edu/subjectindex/hist-ancient.html

Ancient History Subject Index ANCIENT GREEK LOVE MAGIC CHRISTOPHER FARAONE The ancient Greeks commonly resorted to magic spells to attract and keep loversas numerous allusions in Greek literature and recently discovered "voodoo dolls," magical papyri, gemstones, and curse tablets attest. Surveying and analyzing these various texts and artifacts, Christopher Faraone reveals two distinct types of love magic: the curselike charms used primarily by men to torture unwilling women with fiery and maddening passion until they surrender sexually; and the binding spells and debilitating potions generally used by women to sedate angry or philandering husbands and make them more affectionate. THE ANCIENT GREEKS A Critical History JOHN V. A. FINE ANCIENT LITERACY WILLIAM HARRIS ANCIENT MYSTERY CULTS WALTER BURKERT ANCIENT PERCEPTIONS OF GREEK ETHNICITY EDITED BY IRAD MALKIN This book is a study of the variable perceptions of Greek collective identity, discussing ancient categories such as blood- and mythically-related primordiality, language, religion, and culture. With less emphasis on dichotomies between Greeks and others, the book considers complex middle grounds of intra-Hellenic perceptions, oppositional identities, and outsiders' views. Studying archaeological, historical, artistic and literary aspects from the Archaic period through the Roman Empire, this book illustrates the force and validity of ethnicity in history. Center for Hellenic Studies Colloquia ANCIENT SLAVERY AND THE IDEAL OF MAN JOSEPH VOGT

57. 2004-2005 Course Register The roman empire was one of the few great world statesone that unified a large A separate topic is offered in either the history of ancient Near East, http://www.upenn.edu/registrar/register/anch.html

2004-2005 University of Pennsylvania Course Register Return to Course Register Index Registrar Home ANCIENT HISTORY 025. (AMES025, HIST024) Ancient Middle Eastern History and Civilization. (A) Gen Req II: A cultural history of Middle Eastern civilization from the invention of writing to the rise of Islam. L/R 026. (HIST026) Ancient Greece . (A) Gen Req II: The Greeks enjoy a special place in the construction of western culture and identity, and yet many of us have only the vaguest notion of what their culture was like. A few Greek myths at bedtime when we are kids, maybe a Greek tragedy like Sophokles' Oidipous when we are at school: these are often the only contact we have with the world of the ancient Mediterranean The story of the Greeks, however, deserves a wider audience, because so much of what we esteem in our own culture derives from them: democracy, epic poetry, lyric poetry, tragedy, history writing, philosophy, aesthetic taste, all of these and many other features of cultural life enter the West from Greece. The oracle of Apollo at Delphi had inscribed over the temple, "Know Thyself." For us, that also means knowing the Greeks.

58. AllRefer.com - West Roman Empire (Ancient History, Rome) - Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on West roman empire, ancient history, Rome. Includes related research links. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/X/X-WestRoma.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 25, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Ancient History, Rome ... West Roman Empire By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z W West Roman Empire, Ancient History, Rome Related Category: Ancient History, Rome West Roman Empire: see Roman Empire under Rome Topics that might be of interest to you: Rome, city, Italy Related Categories: History Ancient Greece and Rome More articles from AllRefer Reference on West Roman Empire SITE MAPS Encyclopedia US Gazetteer: US States A-C US States D-H US States I-L US States M ... Countries A-Z Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. About Us Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ... Par Web Solutions Site best viewed in 800 x 600 resolution.

59. AllRefer.com - Western Empire (Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine) - Ency AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on Western empire, ancient history, Late roman And Byzantine. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/X/X-WestrnEmp.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 25, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine ... Western Empire By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z W Western Empire, Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine Related Category: Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine Western Empire: see Roman Empire under Rome and see Charlemagne Topics that might be of interest to you: Charlemagne Rome, city, Italy Related Categories: History Ancient Greece and Rome More articles from AllRefer Reference on Western Empire SITE MAPS Encyclopedia US Gazetteer: US States A-C US States D-H US States I-L US States M ... Countries A-Z Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. About Us Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ... Par Web Solutions Site best viewed in 800 x 600 resolution.

60. The History Of Plumbing - Pompeii & Herculaneum The history of Plumbing Pompeii Herculaneum. The roman empire eventually In 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius erupted and obliterated the ancient roman resort http://www.theplumber.com/pom.html

Please visit: The Most Popular Internet Plumbing Supplier: Famous PlumbingSupply.com T he Roman Empire eventually encompassed all the countries along the Mediterranean Sea, Mesopotamia, the Balkans, and most of modern Europe, including Britain. With their plumbing engineers in tow, the Romans left in their wake large - and small - scale water systems that incorporated similar-style aqueducts, lead pipes, heated floors, dams and drains. From Rome's Cloaca Maxima, largest of the ancient sewers, to the famous spas of Aquae Sulis in Bath, England, and the colossal baths of Emperors Caracalla and Diocletian, the early Roman plumbers left indelible marks on civilization. I n 79 A.D., Mount Vesuvius erupted and obliterated the ancient Roman resort towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Beneath the lava ruins rests a freeze - frame of high style Roman living, thanks in part to the plumberium , workers of lead. Since 1758 when excavation began in Pompeii, palaces of the Caesars and private homes of the nouveau riche merchants and court hangers-on have emerged along with theaters, dance halls and circuses. In addition, grand-style temples and amphitheaters were uncovered, along with elaborate public baths for hundreds of people, and a water supply system for both private and public needs.

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