81. MSN Encarta - Endangered Species Great books about your topic, endangered species, selected by Encarta editors threatened species, such as the gray wolf, are abundant in parts of their http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557586/Endangered_Species.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Endangered Mammals Endangered Species Act more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Endangered Species Search for books and more related to Endangered Species Encarta Search Search Encarta about Endangered Species Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Endangered Species ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Endangered Species Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 12 items Article Outline Introduction Causes Preservation Efforts Conservation Biology I Introduction Print Preview of Section Endangered Species , plant and animal species that are in danger of extinction , the dying off of all individuals of a species. Over 8,300 plant species and 7,200 animal species around the globe are threatened with extinction, and many thousands more become extinct each year before biologists can identify them. The primary causes of species extinction or endangerment are habitat destruction, commercial exploitation (such as plant collecting, hunting, and trade in animal parts), damage caused by nonnative plants and animals introduced into an area, and pollution . Of these causes, direct habitat destruction threatens the most species.

82. Committee On Resources-Index The snail darter, perhaps one of the most famous endangered species, was listed as After including this plant on the List of endangered and threatened http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/issues/more/esa/inaccuratedata_dwnlisted_del

The Endangered Species Act Examples of Species Delisted and Downlisted Because of Inaccurate Data Snail Darter Pine Barrens tree frog Tumamoc globeberry Palau owl ... small-whorled pogonia snail darter Back to Top Pine Barrens Tree Frog The Pine Barrens tree frog Hyla andersonii Back to Top Tumamoc Globeberry Back to Top Palau Dove, Palau Fantail, Palau Owl Back to Top Brown Pelican (eastern population) [p]opulation data gathered since the listing have questioned the likelihood that the pelican population in Florida was never endangered, as defined by the Act, and this designation was also questionable for the pelican in South Carolina. These data were not in existence at the time of listing and the most prudent course of action, based upon the best available data at that time, was to list the entire species as endangered. Back to Top Tinian Monarch and forest bird surveys conducted by the Service in 1982 found the monarch to be the second most abundant bird on the island with a population estimate of 40,000 . Back to Top McKittrick Pennyroyal Back to Top Rydberg Milk-Vetch resulting in the discovery of 11 additional populations and current estimates of well over 300,000 plants.

83. Priority Programme For China's Agenda 21 83 PROTECTION OF endangered species USED IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE AND To protect and expand the population of endangered and threatened animals, http://sedac.ciesin.org/china/policy/acca21/218-3.html

8-3 PROTECTION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES USED IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES Project Scope and Relationship to China's Agenda 21 This project seeks to protect various endangered animal species that since ancient times have been used in traditional Chinese medicine, particularly through the research and development of alternative sources. This project is based on Chapter 15 - Conservation of Biodiversity, and is related to Chapter 9 - Heath and Sanitation of China's Agenda 21. 1. Background Certain animal species have yielded potent and effective ingredients for use in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Examples include the use of rhinoceros horn for reducing fever and cleaning the body of toxic materials, and the use of tiger bone for relieving pain and strengthening bones. Yet many of the animals used in traditional Chinese medicine are now threatened and endangered in China and around the world because of large scale deforestation, ecosystem destruction and hunting. The rhinoceros, for example, which was once found in China, has now dwindled to a worldwide level of ten thousand, only one-tenth of the total number existing in the 1950s. Only seven thousand tigers are still in existence, and a number of species unique to China, such as the musk deer, are fast disappearing. Others have already become extinct, such as the rare species of Saiga antelope once found in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

84. Endangered Species. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 In 1999 the US government, in accordance with the US endangered species Act (1973), A large number of species are threatened by introduced species, http://www.bartleby.com/65/en/endanger.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. endangered species any plant or animal species whose ability to survive and reproduce has been jeopardized by human activities. In 1999 the U.S. government, in accordance with the U.S. Endangered Species Act (1973), classified 935 native species as endangered or threatened, including animals such as the Florida panther, the Key deer, the San Joaquin kit fox, the northern spotted owl, the chinook salmon, the Karner blue butterfly, the snail darter, and the cave crayfish and plants such as the Hawaiian nehe and the clover lupine. Over 500 more species were so classified worldwide. The official list of endangered wildlife and plants in the United States is kept by the Fish and Wildlife Service; the National Marine Fisheries Service oversees marine species. In addition, many states keep their own lists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources maintains an international list, published as the

85. APPENDIX 2: Some Of The Major Laws Protecting Endangered Wildlife The Act protects both endangered species, defined as those in danger of extinction threatened species may often have the same level of protection as http://www.earthtrust.org/wlcurric/appen2.html

APPENDIX 2: Some of the Major Laws Protecting Endangered Wildlife A. The Endangered Species Act The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is a federal law passed by the United States Congress in 1973. The Act protects both endangered species, defined as those "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of their range ," and threatened species, those likely to become endangered "within the forseeable future." Under the Act, the term "species" includes species and subspecies of fish, wildlife and plants, as well as geographically distinct populations of vertebrate wildlife (including fish) even though the species as a whole may not be endangered. This flexibility in the Act allows action to be taken to protect certain members of a species before the entire population becomes threatened. The Endangered Species Act serves to fulfil the United States commitment to various international treaties on wildlife conservation (such as CITES). It is a powerful tool designed to resolve conflicts between proposals for development and the survival of species. The Endangerd Species Act has proven to be so effective in helping to protect species that is has served as a model for the development of similar wildlife protection laws in almost every state and in other countries. Two federal agencies are responsible for enforcing the Endangered Species Act. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior administers the Act for animals and plants found on land or in fresh water. The National Marine Fisheries Service of the Commerce Department administers the Act for marine plants and animals.

86. :: Bonobo Conservation Initiative :: Conservation The vast majority of endangered or threatened species throughout the world Since the 1980s, the conservation of endangered and threatened species, http://www.bonobo.org/supact.html

What Is A Bonobo Where Do Bonobos Live What Is The Bonobo Initiative How Can I Help ... Shop A VOTE FOR THE APES... THE GREAT APES CONSERVATION ACT PASSES IN CONGRESS! On 19 October 2000, the Great Ape Conservation Act of 2000 (HR4320), passed unopposed in the U.S. Senate. It will now go to President Clinton to sign. The bill passed unanimously in the House of Representatives in July after being introduced by Reps. George Miller and James Saxton. It originated in a slightly different form in 1999, when it was introduced by Sen. Jim Jeffords. A press release by the Fund for Animals provides details. The purpose of the Great Apes Conservation Act (GACA) is to provide support and financial resources for the conservation programs of countries within the range of great apes and projects of persons with demonstrated expertise in the conservation of great apes. Please refer to this Bill Summary and Status for up-to-date information. As written, the Act calls for $5 million per year for 5 years to be allocated for in-situ great ape conservation. It is hoped that the Act will receive the maximum possible appropriations to achieve an immediate and lasting effect. However, appropriations are not yet determined. The more dedicated may want to read the full text of the legislation Use the Congressional Email Directory to your Senators and Representatives contact information. The House has a

87. Giant Catfish Critically Endangered, Group Says The Mekong giant catfish has been relisted as Critically endangered because we More than 12000 species are known to be threatened with extinction. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/11/1118_031118_giantcatfish.html

Site Index Subscribe Shop Search Top 15 Most Popular Stories NEWS Front Page Environment Health Offbeat ... Video in the News SPECIAL SERIES The Genographic Project Pulse of the Planet National Geographic Channel RESOURCES (What's this?) Contact Us Front Page Home Giant Catfish Critically Endangered, Group Says Ryan Mitchell and David Braun National Geographic News November 18, 2003 View the Mekong Giant Catfish Photo Gallery: Go>> The Mekong River's giant catfish ( Pangasianodon Gigas ) is on the path to extinction. Today's release of the World Conservation Union (IUCN) updated 2003 Red List of Threatened Species shows that the flagship species of the storied river in Southeast Asia is classified as Critically Endangered, its numbers further reduced from its classification as Endangered in the previous IUCN Red List. The Switzerland-based organization's members from 140 countries include some 70 states, 100 government agencies, and 750 NGOs. P. gigas National Geographic News spoke to Zeb Hogan of the Mekong Fish Conservation Project about the plight of the Mekong and its giant catfish. Hogan has received funding from the National Geographic Society to research and promote the conservation of the fish (see sidebar). The Mekong giant catfish has just been listed by the IUCN as Critically Endangered. What does this mean and just how bad is it for this fish?

88. Protecting Endangered Species In The United States - Cambridge University Press Nearly 1200 species are now listed as endangered or threatened under the endangered species Act (ESA) of 1973; only twelve have been removed from the list. http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521662109

89. Afrol News - Limited Rhino Hunt Allowed In SA, Namibia Members of the Convention on International Trade in endangered species (CITES), The rhino subspecies is not longer seriously threatened in the two http://www.afrol.com/articles/14444

Africa News afrol News Frontpage Latest News Subscriptions Countries ... Subscriptions See also: 30.05.2005 - New black rhino reserve approved in South Africa 06.07.2004 - South Africa's Cape Floral Region a "biologic sensation" 21.06.2004 - South Africa announces more national parks 24.03.2004 - Enhanced conservation efforts in flooding Zambezi ... South Africa Limited rhino hunt allowed in SA, Namibia afrol News , 4 October Hundred years of conservation efforts have lifted the southern black rhino population from about hundred to 11,000 animals. These efforts are now to pay back and the international body on trade of endangered species, CITES, today lifted the total hunting ban on the black rhino. Namibia and South Africa are given permission to hunt up to five animals each at a yearly basis, but environmentalists remain sceptical. Members of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), united in Bangkok, Thailand, today approved of a very limited hunting of the formerly threatened species. The annual CITES meeting gathers government representatives, environmentalists and scientists from all over the world to agree on an updated list of threatened species and which animals and plants should not be traded. After years of lobbying, Namibian and South African authorities this year finally achieved their goal of lifting the total hunting and trading ban on the southern black rhino. The rhino sub-species is not longer seriously threatened in the two countries, the Southern African delegates convinced their partners.

90. BHS Library Pathfinder: Animal Studies This site provides information and links regarding endangered species, a listing of all federally listed threatened and endangered species for each http://schools.nsd.org/~khaugen/libraryWebGuide/animal-studies.html

Bothell High School Library Information Center Recommended Resources on the Internet: ANIMAL STUDIES General Animal Studies Endangered Species Special Focus Sites General Animal Studies Originally created for freshman biology students, this database provides a wealth of "information about ... individual species includ[ing] ...distributions, natural history, conservation, and economic importance, along with pictures and sounds if available." Use the SEARCH option to access a specific species. Franklin Institute's Animal (vertebrates) Hotlist Online information booklets provide in-depth information, illustrations, photos, and extensive bibliographies for the following species and biomes:Baleen Whales, Beluga Whales, Birds of Prey, Bony Fishes, Bottlenose Dolphins, Clydesdales, Corals and Coral Reefs, Gorillas, Harbor Seals, Key West Animals, Killer Whales, Manatees, Penguins, Polar Bears, Sea Turtles, Sharks and Their Relatives, Tigers, Tropical Forests, and Walruses.

91. Encyclopedia Smithsonian: GENERAL List Of References On Endangered, Threatened, 2000 2000 IUCN Red List of threatened species. Essays on 16 endangered species that include the Black Rhino, Green Sea Turtles, Black footed Ferret, http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/nmnh/endsp1.htm

Smithsonian Institution General List of References on Endangered, Threatened, and Recently Extinct Vertebrates I n this section, you will find citations for publications that cover the broad spectrum of rare wildlife and wildlife conservation in various parts of the world. Ackerman, D. The Rarest of the Rare : Vanishing Animals, Timeless Worlds. Vintage Books, New York. 184 pp. (Monk seals, short-tailed albatrosses, golden lion tamarins) Beacham, W. and K. H. Beetz (Editors) Beacham Publishing, Osprey, Florida. 2 vols. Burgess, B. B. Fate of the Wild: The Endangered Species Act and the Future of Biodiversity . University of Georgia Press, Athens. 211 pp. Burton, J.(Editor) The Atlas of Endangered Species nd edition. Macmillan Reference Library, New York. 256 pp. (Accounts of endangered plants and wildlife by region; new maps, current status.) Caughley, G. and A. Gunn Conservation Biology in Theory and Practice . Blackwell Science. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 459 pp. (Includes historic extinctions and near extinction, case histories and international and national treaties, conventions and legislation.) Chandler, W.J. (Editor)

92. Trade In Threatened Species - Helen Hendry, Naked Scientists 2003 CITES (the Convention on International Trade in endangered species) aims to regulate the trade in Helen Hendry CITES and Trade in threatened species http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/Columnists/helencolumn3.htm

Home Who we Are Background Interviews ... Guests CITES and Trade in Threatened Species Helen Hendry, Cambridge University What have the following got in common: tiny, delicate seahorses, magnificent tall rainforest trees and the two biggest fish in the oceans? Well, the answer is that they have all recently been added to a list of endangered species that cannot be freely traded between countries. You might know that it's illegal to trade rare wild animals and animal products like tiger skins or rhino horn, but did you know that there are in fact around 30,000 species of wild animal and plant which have restricted trade according to the United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, known as CITES (pronounced sie-tees)? In November 2002, the CITES conference was held in Santiago Chile, where governments and conservationists from 160 member states met to decide which species of wildlife would be added or removed from the convention. Resolutions were passed in Chile to control the trade in a number of controversial commercial species including seahorses, mahogany, and basking and whale sharks. Conservationists have hailed the meeting as a great success, and even Greenpeace cancelled a protest due to take place outside the conference hall, saying that it would no longer be necessary.

93. Endangered Species & Wildlife Conservation Where can you find information on endangered and threatened species? Why should people care about endangered and threatened species anyway? http://volweb.utk.edu/Schools/sullivan/sullms/Endangered_Species.htm

Endangered Species Animal Info - Information on Rare, Threatened and Endangered Mammals It's all connected. Saving one species or habitat benefits countless others. Click below to see how NWF's work on some very special wildlife, places, and issues helps to Keep the Wild Alive in North America and worldwide. EE Link - Endangered Species Images and a clickable regional map to endangered species, with information from the Fish and Wildlife Service. Includes activities and lesson plans, and updates on policy issues. Kids Corner - Endangered Species Where can you find information on endangered and threatened species? What can you and your school do to help save them? Why should people care about endangered and threatened species anyway? Right here, Junior Biologists . . . you've arrived at Kid's Information Central! Endangered Specie.com EndangeredSpecie.com is dedicated to providing all the best endangered species information, links, photos, endangered species books, and everything else regarding rare and endangered species, conservation efforts, and endangered species organizations dedicated to saving and preserving the world's most endangered wildlife and plantlife. Endangered Species of the Next Millenium Currently, there are over 24,000 species that are endangered or threatened by human activities. Unless we do something quickly, they will disappear forever. Without them, Earth's ecosystem may very well crumble. By endangering wildlife, we are endangering ourselves.

94. In Rhino Land The 25 globally threatened species include the swamp francolin (Francolinus Among the mammals, 21 species are endangered and listed in Schedule I of the http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2205/stories/20050311000106500.htm

Volume 22 - Issue 05, Feb. 26 - Mar. 11, 2005 India's National Magazine from the publishers of THE HINDU Home Contents WILDLIFE In rhino land SUSHANTA TALUKDAR in Kaziranga and Manas Photographs: Ritu Raj Konwar Kaziranga, which celebrates one hundred years of efforts to save the rhinoceros, and Manas, home to the Royal Bengal Tiger, are two success stories in conservation in Asia. Tourists return to their camps at the end of a jeep safari at Kaziranga National Park. ONE hundred years after Lady Curzon returned from Kaziranga in Assam with memories of seeing only the hoof marks of the rhinoceros, her grandson, Sir Nicholas Moseley, lost count of the one-horned animal when he visited the place. Moseley and his wife Verity were in Kaziranga at the invitation of the Assam government to take part in the centenary celebrations of the Kaziranga National Park from February 11 to 17. Lady Curzon visited Kaziranga in the winter of 1904. Alarmed by the fact that the rhino in Kaziranga was heading for extinction, she convinced her husband, Lord Curzon, the Viceroy, to take measures to save the unique animal. Kaziranga was declared a reserve forest in 1908. It became a game sanctuary in 1916. But it was still vulnerable to poaching and hunting. It was opened to visitors in 1938. In 1950, Kaziranga was declared a wildlife sanctuary and in 1954, the rhino was given legal protection through the Assam (Rhinoceros) Bill, which proposed heavy penalties for killing the animal. Kaziranga was declared the first national park of Assam in 1974 under the Assam National Parks Act, 1968, and the original core area of 428 square kilometres was declared a World Heritage Site in December 1985.

95. Endangered Animals Resources At Erratic Impact's Philosophy Research Base threatened and endangered Animal speciesFound on the National Wildlife Refuge System graphic links of animals included. Duke University Primate Center http://www.erraticimpact.com/~ecologic/html/animal_endangered.htm

Animal Behavior Animal Experiments Animal Rights Endangered Animals Ecologic Index Environmental News Author Search New Book Search ... Advertising Endangered Animals Online Resources Texts: Endangered Animals Used Books: Endangered Species Know of a Resource? ... Harvesting Wild Species : Implications for Biodiversity Conservation by Curtis H. Freese (Editor). Click here to learn more about this book Click here for more Endangered Species Books Click here for Books on Animal Rights Click here for Ecological Philosophy Books From IGC Site Includes: EcoNet Endangered Species Gopher Endangered Species Information Coral Forest Red List of Threatened Animals ... Mojave Desert Tortoise The Desert Tortoise Council is a private, nonprofit organization made up of hundreds of professionals, and lay-persons from all walks of life, from across the United States , and several continents. We share a common fascination with wild desert tortoises and the environment they depend upon. Site Includes: Archives National Wildlife Federation People and Nature: Our Future is in the balance.

96. United States To Support Protections For Great White Sharks, Other Threatened Sp in the threatened and endangered species (CITES) in Bangkok from Oct. 2 to14. status as a threatened species under the endangered species Act. Since http://www.doi.gov/news/040924a

Department of the Interior Office of the Secretary CONTACT: Hugh Vickery September 23, 2004 United States to Support Protections for Great White Sharks, Other Threatened Species at CITES Conference in Bangkok (WASHINGTON) Great white sharks are one of the world's most feared predators, but a sharp decline in their populations means the United States will be supporting international trade restrictions to protect the species, Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Fish and Wildlife and Parks Craig Manson said today. Manson will head the U.S. delegation to the 13th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in the Threatened and Endangered Species (CITES) in Bangkok from Oct. 2 to14. CITES is an international agreement signed by more than 160 nations to regulate global trade in certain wild animals and plants that are or may become threatened with extinction due to commercial trade. Like many species of sharks, great whites have been over-harvested, especially for their fins, which are used in soups and medicines.

97. Animal Protection Institute - Behind The Fence: Inside The Canned Hunt Industry Other targeted endangered or threatened species include Eld s bowantlered deer, red lechwe, Arabian oryx, and several species of antelope. http://www.api4animals.org/22.htm

From Animal Issues , Volume 34 Number 4, Winter 2003 Behind the Fence: Inside the Canned Hunt Industry By Nicole G. Paquette Dreaming of your next vacation? How about a wildlife safari where you can view exotic and endangered species from Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia? No time for a trip around the world? No problem! Your tour can take place right here in the U.S.A. As an added bonus, you can stalk these animals in a pen, shoot them at point-blank range, and take their mounted heads home as trophies. For a price, this shameful sojourn can be yours, courtesy of the federal government. Although this outrageous scenario sounds illegal, it's not. It's a "canned hunt," and it's big business. A canned hunt is a commercial event that takes place on private land, often called a "ranch," where animals are fenced in and unable to escape. Hunters pay a fee to the ranch operator for a guaranteed kill. Canned hunt victims typically include deer, elk, and other "big game" animals including endangered and threatened species. Of the 12 U.S. ranches holding current or recent government-issued endangered species permits, 11 are located in Texas and 1 is in Florida. The animal most commonly hunted at these ranches is the barasingha, or "swamp deer," native to India and Nepal. Other targeted endangered or threatened species include Eld's bow-antlered deer, red lechwe, Arabian oryx, and several species of antelope. The going rate for a canned hunt varies; one ranch website advertises a guaranteed kill of a barasingha for $4,000.

98. New Scientist Breaking News - Red List Of Threatened Species Tops 12,000 Red List of threatened species tops 12000. 1235 18 November 2003 This cycad, known only in Saraburi, Thailand, is Critically endangered due to pressure http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn4390

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