61. Relativity PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY Forum devoted to discussing the Einstein's special and general theories of relativity. http://astronomyphysics.com/list.php?f=33

62. [gr-qc/9605010] Cosmic Topology general relativity does not allow one to specify the topology of space, leaving the possibility that space is multi rather than simply- connected. This paper reviews the mathematical properties of multi-connected spaces, and the different tools to classify them and to analyse their properties. http://fr.arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9605010

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, abstract gr-qc/9605010 From: [ view email ] Date: Mon, 6 May 1996 09:55:41 GMT (300kb) Date (revised): Thu, 9 Jan 2003 16:32:59 GMT Cosmic Topology Authors: M. Lachieze-Rey J.P.Luminet (2) ((1) CE-Saclay/Service d'Astrophysique, (2) Observatoire de Meudon/DARC) Comments: 159 pages, LaTeX format, 32 figures available on request; v2 : all postscript figures added Journal-ref: Phys.Rept. 254 (1995) 135-214 Full-text: PostScript PDF , or Other formats References and citations for this submission: SLAC-SPIRES HEP (refers to , cited by , arXiv reformatted); CiteBase (autonomous citation navigation and analysis) Which authors of this paper are endorsers? Links to: arXiv gr-qc find abs

63. Relativity On The World Wide Web The purpose of these pages is to promote the appreciation, understanding, and applications of special and general relativity. http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/relativity.html

Relativity on the World Wide Web Original by Chris Hillman; maintained by John Baez The evolving event horizon during the axisymmetric merger of two equal mass black holes (simulation by the Binary Black Hole Grand Challenge Alliance) Welcome! The purpose of these pages is to promote the appreciation and understanding of the special and general theories of relativity by providing links to on-line scientifically accurate educational resources aimed at a variety of audiences, including popular science sites (places to go if you don't want to see any scary math), visualization sites , (places to go if you just want to see some truly fabulous pictures with some genuine scientific content), web tutorials on relativity theory (just the thing if you're not yet sure you want to really buckle down and study this stuff), observational and experimental evidence bearing on relativity theory, including fantastically beautiful astronomical images, a discussion of some specific scientifically inaccurate claims about cosmology and general relativity, formal coursework, including full length lecture notes (

64. CONFERENCE On NONCOMPACT VARIATIONAL P Rutgers University, NJ, USA; 1418 October 2001. http://www.math.rutgers.edu/events/bbconf.html

65. Lecture Notes On General Relativity Download lecture notes on special relativity, general relativity, differential geometry, and spherically symmetric spacetimes in postscript format. http://sunkl.asu.cas.cz/~had/gr.html

General Relativity This homepage contains lecture notes on the course of general relativity FX2/H97 read in the fall semester 1997 at the Physics Institute of NTNU, Trondheim. Some parts were added later. It is still under construction (see the dates of last revision of each chapter). Some viewers do not allow to see the PS-files on the screen. However, you can download it (using the 'save'-command) and print it on a PostScript printer. Contents: Introduction Special relativity Basic concepts of general relativity Spherically symmetric spacetimes ... References A supplementary text on lower level can be found in lecture notes on cosmology which was read in the fall semester 1999 as a part of another course. To get more information contact, please, the author. Readers may find interesting also other web-pages on general relativity referred at Hillman's list and Syracuse University list Petr Hadrava, Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 251 65 Ondrejov, Czech Republic tlf.: +420 204 620 141

66. General Relativity -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Physics The fundamental principle of general relativity asserts that accelerated general relativity states that clocks run slower in strong gravitational fields http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/GeneralRelativity.html

Modern Physics Relativity Theory General Relativity Miscellaneous General Relativity General Relativity A theory invented by Albert Einstein which describes gravitational forces in terms of the curvature in space caused by the presence of mass. The fundamental principle of general relativity asserts that accelerated reference frames and reference frames in gravitation fields are equivalent. General relativity states that clocks run slower in strong gravitational fields (or highly accelerated frames), predicting a gravitational redshift . It also predicts the existence of gravitational lensing gravitational waves gravitomagnetism , the Lense-Thirring effect , and relativistic precession of orbiting bodies. Bardeen-Petterson Effect Bertotti-Robinson Solution Black Hole Black Hole No Hair Theorem ... Schwarzschild Black Hole References Adler, R.; Bazin, M.; and Schiffer, M. Introduction to General Relativity, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975. Anderson, J. L. Principles of Relativity Physics. New York: Academic Press, 1967. Bergmann, P. G.

67. 2001: A Spacetime Odyssey Two theories revolutionized the 20th century view of space and time Einstein's general Theory of relativity and Quantum Mechanics. Their union has spawned elementary particle theories with extra spacetime dimensions, the inflationary model of bigbang cosmology, dark matter in the universe, radiation from quantum black holes and the fuzzy spacetime geometry of superstrings and M-theory. http://www.umich.edu/~mctp/sto2001/

Conference Home Scientific Program Schedule of Talks Students ... MCTP Inaugural Conference of the Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics May 21-25, 2001 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Two theories revolutionized the 20th century view of space and time: Einstein's General Theory of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. Their union has spawned elementary particle theories with extra spacetime dimensions, the inflationary model of big-bang cosmology, dark matter in the universe, radiation from quantum black holes and the fuzzy spacetime geometry of superstrings and M-theory. These developments, derived from the 19th century mathematics of Riemannian geometry and Lie groups, have in their turn inspired new directions in the pure mathematics of topology and knot theory. In view of the mission of the Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics to provide a venue for interdisciplinary studies in the mathematical sciences, this Inaugural Conference will bring together Astronomers, Cosmologists, Particle Physicists and Mathematicians to share their different perspectives on the 21st century view of spacetime. Invited speakers include: John Bahcall (IAS) Jacob Bekenstein (Jerusalem) Stanley Deser (Brandeis) Paul Frampton (UNC, Chapel Hill)

68. Unified Physics A revolution in theoretical physics unifying general relativity and quantum physics http://pr4pm.topcities.com/physics.htm

The Free Site vBuddy - make friends, share photos, blogs, have fun Cheap Web Hosting - starting at $5 UNIFIED PHYSICS Beyond Albert Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity! PETER D RODGERS relativitybeyondeinstein@yahoo.com.au or illogical4free@yahoo.com.au (Also, created NEW BLACKHOLE at http://pr4pm.topcities.com/blackhole.htm AAA. Creation of ‘Unified Physics’ BBB. The actual ‘Unified Physics’ paper AAA. CREATION OF ‘UNIFIED PHYSICS’ By Peter D Rodgers The most difficult mathematics problem in theoretical physics has been solved by me! A dyslexic man, I, at fifty-one years old, have a recently-measured IQ of 152, after I correctly answered 52 of the 53 questions in a Tickle Super IQ test. Except for being included in “The International Who’s Who in Poetry”, of 2004, and of 2005, as one of the top 200 living poets using the English language, I am not famous. I am Peter D Rodgers. Initially, when sixteen years old, I thought that I was brilliant enough to create a wonderful revolutionary physics-theory within three years. Although I started, spasmodically, developing ideas for its creation, then, I did not finish my paper until I was fifty years old. For thousands of hours, I used hundreds of pens, and used thousands of sheets of paper, to write out many thousands of modifications of equations. After I bought a computer in 1999, modifications became much easier to create. Due to the complexity of manipulating the physics-equations involved, and due to being branded 'an idiot', I took thirty-four years, from the conception of my initial ideas, to finish my physics-paper.

69. Handbook Of Space Astronomy And Astrophysics - Relativity A collection of equations important to both special relativity and general relativity. http://ads.harvard.edu/books/hsaa/chap10.html

70. A Study Of A Model Cosmology Contains a cosmology tutorial. Preliminary introduction to general relativity and its application to Cosmology. Also study of stringy matter as a part of the Universe. http://surhudm.tripod.com/seminarhtml

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Free Games Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next Important Note: Please visit My institute home page for getting rid of all the ads and hence the dowloading time. Or use Adblock for blocking ads. Runs nicely with Mozilla or Firefox Download my Adblock file and import it after installing adblock. Next: Contents Contents B.Tech Seminar Report on A Study of a model Cosmology Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology by More Surhud Shrikant under the guidance of Prof. Urjit A. Yajnik (Department of Physics) Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Bombay November 17, 2003 Abstract: Recent advances in Cosmology have taken us closer to understand our Universe better. We study preliminary General relativity and its application to Cosmology. Initially we develop the background for the Friedmann models and analyse their behaviour. Later we modify them to incorporate recent observations from the Cosmic Background Explorer(COBE), Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, Supernova Cosmology Project and Hi-z Supernova project. We also examine the possibility of stringy matter as being a part of our Universe motivated by particle physics considerations and as a possible explanation for the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays. Contents The Construct Developing the metric The Riemann tensor and the metric ... The term

71. Gravitation And The General Theory Of Relativity Tests of the Theory of general relativity. general relativity and Newton s gravitational theory make essentially identical predictions as long as the http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/cosmology/gravity.html

Gravitation and the General Theory of Relativity As we have discussed in an earlier section , the theoretical physicist Albert Einstein introduced his Special Theory of Relativity in 1905 and his General Theory of Relativity in 1915. The first showed that Newton's Three Laws of Motion were only approximately correct, breaking down when velocities approached that of light. The second showed that Newton's Law of Gravitation was also only approximately correct, breaking down when gravitation becames very strong. Special Relativity Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity is valid for systems that are not accelerating. Since from Newton's second law an acceleration implies a force, special relativity is valid only when no forces act. Thus, it cannot be used generally when there is a gravitational field present (as we shall see below in conjunction with the Principle of Equivalence, it can be used over a sufficiently localized region of spacetime). We have already discussed some of the important implications of the Special Theory of Relativity. For example, the most famous is probably the relationship between mass and energy . Other striking consequences are associated with the dependence of space and time on velocity: at speeds near that of light, space itself becomes contracted in the direction of motion and the passage of time slows. Although these seem bizarre ideas (because our everyday experience typically does not include speeds near that of light), many experiments indicate that the Special Theory of Relativity is correct and our "common sense" (and Newton's laws) are incorrect near the speed of light.

72. Cargèse Summer School Summer School on mathematical general relativity and global properties of solutions of Einstein's equations. Carg¨se, Corsica, France; 29 July 10 August 2002. http://fanfreluche.math.univ-tours.fr/

Echec a l'ouverture...

73. Albert Einstein And The Theory Of Relativity The general Theory of relativity predicts that light coming from a strong gravitational field should have its wavelength shifted to larger values (what http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/einstein.html

Albert Einstein and the Theory of Relativity Albert Einstein Newton's theory of gravitation was soon accepted without question, and it remained unquestioned until the beginning of this century. Then Albert Einstein shook the foundations of physics with the introduction of his Special Theory of Relativity in 1905, and his General Theory of Relativity in 1915 (Here is an example of a thought experiment in special relativity ). The first showed that Newton's Three Laws of Motion were only approximately correct, breaking down when velocities approached that of light. The second showed that Newton's Law of Gravitation was also only approximately correct, breaking down in the presence of very strong gravitational fields. Newton vs. Einstein: Albert's Turn to Kick Butt We shall consider Relativity in more detail later . Here, we only summarize the differences between Newton's theory of gravitation and the theory of gravitation implied by the General Theory of Relativity. They make essentially identical predictions as long as the strength of the gravitational field is weak, which is our usual experience. However, there are three crucial predictions where the two theories diverge, and thus can be tested with careful experiments. The orientation of Mercury's orbit is found to precess in space over time, as indicated in the adjacent figure (the magnitude of the effect is greatly exaggerated in this figure). This is commonly called the "precession of the perihelion", because it causes the position of the perihelion to move. Only part of this can be accounted for by perturbations in Newton's theory. There is an extra 43 seconds of arc per century in this precession that is predicted by the Theory of General Relativity and observed to occur (a second of arc is 1/3600 of an angular degree). This effect is extremely small, but the measurements are very precise and can detect such small effects very well.

74. Relative Histories Formulation Of Quantum Mechanics A novel formulation of quantum mechanics in which quantum statistics is derived from the framework of general relativity. http://www.geocities.com/yapquack/RelativeHistories.html

Relative Histories Formulation of Quantum Mechanics David Strayhorn Saint Louis, MO A novel formulation of quantum mechanics, the “relative histories” formulation (RHF), is proposed based upon the assumption that the physical state of a closed system – e.g., the universe – can be represented mathematically by an ensemble E of four-dimensional manifolds W. In this scheme, any real, physical object – be it macroscopic or microscopic – can be assigned to the role of the quantum mechanical “observer.” The state of the observer is represented as a 3-dimensional manifold, O. By using O as a boundary condition, we obtain E as the unique set of all W that satisfy the boundary condition defined by O. The evolution of the “wavefunction of the universe” E is therefore determined by the movement of the observer O through state space. In a sense, the RHF is a specific instance of the consistent histories formulation, in which a single "history" is equated with a single W. However, the RHF can also be interpreted as an implementation of Einstein's ensemble (or statistical) interpretation, which is based upon the notion that the wavefunction is to be understood as the description not of a single system, but of an ensemble of systems: in our case, an ensemble of W's. We could, in addition, think of the RHF in terms of Everett's relative state formulation (i.e., the multiple worlds interpretation (MWI)), in which each "world" is equated with one of the four-manifolds W. As of January 2005, the RHF is summarized in a series of three papers that are available for download from the following site:

75. UM-StL Motion-at-Any-Speed Our 2clock relativity paper for teachers starting from the metric equation. in (1+1)D special relativity , general relativity Quantum Cosmology, http://www.umsl.edu/~fraundor/a1toc.html

UM-StL Pages on Map-Based Motion at Any Speed ...two puzzles... What's New? OverView BackLinks Table of Contents ... References "We go through life on earth experiencing a downward proper-acceleration applied to each part of our being, whose effects may be cancelled by an upward frame-variant force on the soles of our feet, if we wish to stand and not fall." /Onana Namuh (1998) Staying in Our Own Seat "We go around curves with the local impression of an outward proper-acceleration applied to each part of our being, whose effects may be cancelled by an inward frame-variant force from someone/thing nearby, if we wish to sit and not slide." /Orcim Namuh (2001) What's New: Here's the 14 June 2005 upgrade of our note on making the most of ``one-frame concepts'' first in teaching kinematics, and a ``map-based mechanics'' derivation of Biot-Savart (illustrated using the frame-invariant proper-force) for comparison to the multiframe derivation here A " live remote platform " for empirical studies of anyspeed spacetime (and nanoworlds too) for our April 2005 SLAPT workshop at SIU-E.

76. Henk Van Elst -- Selected References In Relativistic Cosmology And General Relat Online list of classic research papers in relativistic cosmology and general relativity, with links to arXiv.org when available. http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/~hve/paplist.html

Classic (or otherwise useful) papers in Relativistic Cosmology and General Relativity [A very subjective selection] Spatially Homogeneous and Isotropic Cosmological Models (FLRW Models) Spatially Homogeneous Cosmological Models - Non-Tilted Fluids and Vacuum Spatially Homogeneous Cosmological Models - ... Entertainment Research Last revision: Thu, 7-10-2004

77. Hyperspace GR Hypertext A set of hypertext based services for general relativity research provided by the QMW relativity group. http://www.maths.qmw.ac.uk/hyperspace/

Welcome to HyperSpace! This service is sponsored by the International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation Welcome to the HyperSpace service at QMUL, a set of hypertext based services for general relativity research provided by the QMUL Relativity group, based on a similar service at the University of British Columbia. Software is by Steve Braham Note from the School of Mathematical Sciences Webmaster : a disk failure in August 2005 means that the search and (some of the ftp) facilities mentioned below are not available at this time. Sorry for the inconvenience. We have the following: Software for finding GR (e)mail addresses GR News Archive Our GR related FTP archives Preprint searches in the LANL archives ... Services of interest Address searches (Unavailable at this time) Other Relativity Web Sites The number of GR sites on the web is growing rapidly. This is a short list of the most important ones. NCSA Relativity Group Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry, Penn State Pittsburgh Relativity Group , including a list of GR conferences Center For Relativity in Texas HyperSpace at UBC , the University of British Columbia GR group Dunsby's Internet GR course at Cape Town The General Relativity News Archives (Unavailable at this time) Our GR related FTP Archives We have an anonymous FTP archive. On it we have:

78. The Light Cone - An Illuminating Introduction To Relativity (by Rob Salgado) general relativity. Newton, Galileo, and The Laws of Gravitation Introducing the PRINCIPLE OF EQUIVALENCE Introducing CURVATURE The EinsteinRiemann http://www.phy.syr.edu/courses/modules/LIGHTCONE/

Module Content Updated: 4 Dec 2001 Module Content Updated: 2 Jun 1997 Homepage Last modified: Sat Apr 30 00:39:35 2005 click to see this Light Cone rendered in VRML The Light Cone an illuminating introduction to relativity Rob Salgado (salgado@physics.syr.edu) What's new For a new visualization of the Twin Paradox, visit Visualizing Proper Time in Special Relativity [with LightClocks] Older, but still useful: Twin Paradox java applet Animations are available in MPEG and animated-GIF formats. Since March 13, 1996, you are visitor number PREFACE Introduction Unfamiliar Quotations English-Spacetime-Geometry Dictionary PRIMEVAL RELATIVITY EVENTS and SPACETIME Aristotle's Spacetime Introducing the PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY: Galileo's Spacetime ... Newton and His Mechanical Laws of Motion SPECIAL RELATIVITY Maxwell and The Electrodynamic Theory of Light Introducing the LIGHT CONE: The Einstein-Minkowski Spacetime Soap Box Seminar Series: The Twin Non-Paradox ... A more illuminating look at the LIGHT CONE GENERAL RELATIVITY Newton, Galileo, and The Laws of Gravitation

79. Introduction To Cosmology Contains report of a seminar on a model cosmology. Preliminary introduction to general relativity with application to cosmology. http://khwarizmi.phy.iitb.ac.in/~surhud/seminarhtml/index.html

80. Orbits In Strongly Curved Spacetime In strong gravitational fields, general relativity predicts orbits drastically different from the The effects of general relativity cause it to precess. http://www.fourmilab.ch/gravitation/orbits/

Orbits in Strongly Curved Spacetime Sorryit appears your browser doesn't understand Java applets. Introduction The display above shows, from three different physical perspectives, the orbit of a low-mass test particle , the small red circle, around a non-rotating black hole (represented by a grey circle in the panel at the right, where the radius of the circle is the black hole's gravitational radius , or event horizon . Kepler's laws of planetary motion, grounded in Newton's theory of gravity, state that the orbit of a test particle around a massive object is an ellipse with one focus at the centre of the massive object. But when gravitational fields are strong, as is the case for collapsed objects like neutron stars and black holes, Newton's theory is inaccurate; calculations must be done using Einstein's theory of General Relativity. In Newtonian gravitation, an orbit is always an ellipse. As the gravitating body becomes more massive and the test particle orbits it more closely, the speed of the particle in its orbit increases without bound, always balancing the gravitational force. For a black hole, Newton's theory predicts orbital velocities greater than the speed of light, but according to Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity, no material object can achieve or exceed the speed of light. In strong gravitational fields, General Relativity predicts orbits drastically different from the ellipses of Kepler's laws. This page allows you to explore them. The Orbit Plot The panel at the right of the applet shows the test mass orbiting the black hole, viewed perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. The path of the orbit is traced by the green line. After a large number of orbits the display will get cluttered and may start to flash; just click the mouse anywhere in the right panel to erase the path and start over. When the test mass reaches its greatest distance from the black hole, a yellow line is plotted from the centre of the black hole to that point, the

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