41. PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway Search/Browse Results It covers mechanics, electrodynamics, special and general relativity, quantum theory and It is focused on general relativity, as a more general theory. http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/psisearch.pl?term1=general theory relativ

42. Springer - Your Publishers Of Books, Journals, And Electronic Media An international journal concerned with the broadest range of dynamical astronomy and its applications, as well as with peripheral fields. The papers published include treatments of the mathematical, physical and computational aspects of planetory theory, lunar theory, general and special perturbation theory, ephemerides, resonance theory, geodesy of the Earth and the planets, dynamics, the 3body problem, the N-body problem, space mechanics, ring systems, galactic dynamics, reference frames, time, relativity, nongravitational forces, computer methods, computer languages for analytical developments, and database management. http://www.wkap.nl/journalhome.htm/0923-2958

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43. Academics: Department Of Physics, Princeton University relativity / general Atomic Physics ps pdf (TeX file not available), PRELIMS Mechanics / Electricity Magnetism ps pdf (TeX file not available) http://www.physics.princeton.edu/www/jh/generals_public/generals_exams_archive.h

Academics Research People Events ... Go to Undergraduate Program Graduate Program Program Introduction Admissions Financial Aid Course Descriptions ... Facilities Contact: Ms. Laurel Lerner Asst. to Director of Graduate Studies Phone 609-258-4403 lerner@princeton.edu Graduate Student Matters Generals Exams Archive Important Dates ... Sign up for Pizza Lunch and/or to schedule an appointment with the Colloquium Speaker General and Preliminary Exams (Non-restricted) Go to Restricted Archive Date of Exam Macros to format TeX files (genmac.tex) Input file for LaTeX files (fancyhdr.sty) May GENERALS: Cond Mat / Elem Particles / Nuclear ps pdf ps pdf PRELIMS: ps pdf ps pdf MAY GENERALS: Cond Mat / Elem Particles / Nuclear ps pdf LaTeX ps ... LaTeX PRELIMS: ps pdf LaTeX ps ... LaTeX January GENERALS: Cond Mat / Elem Particles / Nuclear ps pdf TeX LaTeX ... pdf PRELIMS: ps pdf TeX LaTeX ... pdf MAY GENERALS: Cond Mat / Elem Particles / Nuclear ps pdf ps pdf PRELIMS: ps pdf ps pdf January GENERALS: Cond Mat / Elem Particles / Nuclear ps pdf TeX ps ... TeX PRELIMS: ps pdf TeX ps ... TeX MAY GENERALS: Cond Mat / Elem Particles / Nuclear ps pdf TeX ps ... TeX PRELIMS: ps pdf TeX ps ... TeX JANUARY GENERALS: Cond Mat / Elem Particles / Nuclear ps pdf TeX ps ... TeX PRELIMS: ps pdf TeX ps ... TeX MAY GENERALS: Cond Mat / Elem Particles / Nuclear ps pdf TeX ps ... TeX PRELIMS: ps pdf TeX ps ... TeX JANUARY GENERALS: Cond Mat / Elem Particles / Nuclear ps pdf TeX ps ... TeX PRELIMS: ps pdf TeX ps ... TeX MAY GENERALS: Cond Mat / Elem Particles / Nuclear ps pdf TeX ps ... TeX PRELIMS: ps pdf TeX ps ... webmaster

44. Cosmic Commode A proposed resolution of general relativity theory and an alternative to the Big Bang theory of cosmological creation. http://www.thecosmiccommode.com/

Cosmic Commode cosmology views gravity as it is defined by Machian-Einsteinian relativity: a ubiquitous curvature of space-time in the presence of matter and/or energy. Gravity itself is not a force.... It is geometry.... and the universe ain t expanding, it s just curved a funny way. THE COSMIC COMMODE A PROPOSED RESOLUTION OF GENERAL RELATIVITY THEORY and AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE BIG BANG MODEL OF COSMOLOGICAL CREATION by Phil Mayhew Some responses to The Cosmic Commode... Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics Garching, Germany Dept. of Astrophysics Princeton University Dept. of Philosophy Indiana University Author of The Ego and the Dynamic Ground Author of Art and Physics Internationally recognized artist and author of a score of books on Buddhism and the arts. This journey is brought to you by the author and the Beersheba Foundation, dedicated to the dual principle that (1) true adventure is found only off the beaten path, and (2) that the Creative Process can (and does) shape the world. Bon voyage....

45. General Relativity A brief history of the development of general relativity with hyperlinks to biographies of each contributor. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/General_relativity.html

General relativity Mathematical Physics index History Topics Index Version for printing General relativity is a theory of gravitation and to understand the background to the theory we have to look at how theories of gravitation developed. Aristotle 's notion of the motion of bodies impeded understanding of gravitation for a long time. He believed that force could only be applied by contact; force at a distance being impossible, and a constant force was required to maintain a body in uniform motion. Copernicus 's view of the solar system was important as it allowed sensible consideration of gravitation. Kepler 's laws of planetary motion and Galileo 's understanding of the motion and falling bodies set the scene for Newton 's theory of gravity which was presented in the Principia in 1687. Newton 's law of gravitation is expressed by F G M M d where F is the force between the bodies of masses M M and d is the distance between them. G is the universal gravitational constant. After receiving their definitive analytic form from Euler Newton 's axioms of motion were reworked by Lagrange Hamilton , and Jacobi into very powerful and general methods, which employed new analytic quantities, such as potential, related to force but remote from everyday experience.

46. MSN Encarta - Related Items - Einstein, Albert relativity, general theory of relativity, theory, developed in the early 20th century, which originally attempted to account for certain anomalies in http://encarta.msn.com/related_761562147/Albert_Einstein.html

var fSendSelectEvents = true; var fSendExpandCollapseEvents = true; var fCallDisplayUAText = false; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Related Items from Encarta Einstein, Albert Theory of Relativity, formulated by Einstein E=mc², mass-energy equation E=mc², source of energy in nuclear weapons E=mc², source of energy in the Sun ... , theory, developed in the early 20th century, which originally attempted to account for certain anomalies in the concept of relative motion,... View article © 2005 Microsoft MSN Privacy Legal Advertise Feedback ... Help

47. Being And Becoming In Modern Physics Discusses implications of general relativity for the philosophy of time; by Steven Savitt. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-bebecome/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change JUL The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Being and Becoming in Modern Physics Does time flow or lapse or pass? Are the future or the past as real as the present? These metaphysical questions have been debated for more than two millennia, with no resolution in sight. Modern physics provides us, however, with tools that enable us to sharpen these old questions and generate new arguments. Does the special theory of relativity, for example, show that there is no passage or that the future is as real as the present? The focus of this entry will be these new questions and arguments. 1. Introduction 2. Newtonian Spacetime 2.1 Presentism, Possibilism, Eternalism 2.2 McTaggart's Argument ... Related Entries 1. Introduction Around 500 B. C. Heraclitus wrote the following:

48. MSN Encarta - Related Items - Einstein, Albert black hole concept based on Einstein’s theory of relativity BoseEinstein Condensate relativity, general theory of overview relativity http://encarta.msn.com/related_761562147_19/relativity_general_theory_of.html

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49. Jorge Pullin Quantizing general relativity brings knot theory into quantum gravity. The Jones polynomial is shown to give rise to physical states of quantum gravity. Links to research papers by the author. http://www.phys.lsu.edu/faculty/pullin

Jorge Pullin Horace Hearne Chair in theoretical Physics, Louisiana State University Adjunct Professor of Physics, PennState Head, "Coast to Cosmos" focus area, Center for Computation and Technology (CCT) Ph.D., Instituto Balseiro Honors and awards Phone/Fax: (225)578-0464 pullin@lsu.edu Horace Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Want to hear those pipes? Research. ... Background. Research My research interests cover many aspects of gravitational physics, both classical and quantum mechanical. I am currently focusing on two topics: quantum gravity and black hole collisions . You can also get my complete publication list , but if you want to get the latest, go to the Hearne Institute page and click on publications. The explanations that follow are a bit longish, feel free to skip to the next topic if you get bored! Quantum gravity I collaborate with Rodolfo Gambini, of the University of the Republic in Montevideo, Uruguay, our collaboration has been going on since 1990. We coauthored a book "Loops, knots, gauge theories and quantum gravity" in 1996 and have published many papers together. We study the quantization of general relativity using canonical methods. There is a small community pursuing this kind of research, which is complementary to the mainstream approach to quantum gravity: string theory. String theorists believe that one cannot quantize general relativity because it is not a fundamental theory and one has to replace it with string theory in order to quantize it. General relativity will be an "effective" "low energy" theory.

50. Center For Gravitational Wave Physics One of 2 general relativity Centers at Penn State University. This center is active with the LIGO Project. http://cgwp.gravity.psu.edu/

51. NOVA | Einstein's Big Idea | Relativity (Lightman Essay) | PBS general relativity was the first major new theory of gravity since Isaac What was general relativity? Einstein s earlier theory of time and space, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/einstein/relativity/

Relativity and the Cosmos by Alan Lightman Einstein's Big Idea homepage In November of 1919, at the age of 40, Albert Einstein became an overnight celebrity, thanks to a solar eclipse. An experiment had confirmed that light rays from distant stars were deflected by the gravity of the sun in just the amount he had predicted in his theory of gravity, general relativity. General relativity was the first major new theory of gravity since Isaac Newton's more than 250 years earlier. Einstein became a hero, and the myth-building began. Headlines appeared in newspapers all over the world. On November 8, 1919, for example, the London Times had an article headlined: "The Revolution In Science/Einstein Versus Newton." Two days later, The New York Times ' headlines read: "Lights All Askew In The Heavens/Men Of Science More Or Less Agog Over Results Of Eclipse Observations/Einstein Theory Triumphs." The planet was exhausted from World War I, eager for some sign of humankind's nobility, and suddenly here was a modest scientific genius, seemingly interested only in pure intellectual pursuits. The essence of gravity What was general relativity? Einstein's earlier theory of time and space, special relativity, proposed that distance and time are not absolute. The ticking rate of a clock depends on the motion of the observer of that clock; likewise for the length of a "yardstick." Published in 1915, general relativity proposed that gravity, as well as motion, can affect the intervals of time and of space. The key idea of general relativity, called the equivalence principle, is that gravity pulling in one direction is completely equivalent to an acceleration in the opposite direction. A car accelerating forwards feels just like sideways gravity pushing you back against your seat. An elevator accelerating upwards feels just like gravity pushing you into the floor.

52. [gr-qc/9512024] Introduction To The Effective Field Theory Description Of Gravit This is a pedagogical introduction to the treatment of general relativity as a quantum effective field theory. http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9512024

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, abstract gr-qc/9512024 From: John F. Donoghue [ view email ] Date: Mon, 11 Dec 1995 20:28:08 GMT (19kb) Introduction to the Effective Field Theory Description of Gravity Authors: John F. Donoghue (Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst) Categories: gr-qc hep-ph hep-th Comments: 26 pages, Latex, no figures, Lectures presented at the Advanced School on Effective Field Theories (Almunecar, Spain, June 1995), to be published in the proceedings Report-no: UMHEP-424 This is a pedagogical introduction to the treatment of general relativity as a quantum effective field theory. Gravity fits nicely into the effective field theory description and forms a good quantum theory at ordinary energies. Full-text: PostScript PDF , or Other formats References and citations for this submission: SLAC-SPIRES HEP (refers to , cited by , arXiv reformatted); CiteBase (autonomous citation navigation and analysis) Which authors of this paper are endorsers? Links to: arXiv gr-qc find abs

53. A Science Odyssey: People And Discoveries: Einstein Announces The General Theory Einstein announces the general theory of relativity 1915. Albert Einstein had described the special theory of relativity in 1905. The result of Einstein s http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dp15ei.html

Einstein announces the general theory of relativity Albert Einstein had described the special theory of relativity in 1905. The result of Einstein's thinking about light, this theory introduced brand-new ideas to science. It opened up an entire field of physics, but left Einstein with some nagging questions. The problems of gravity and acceleration would not go away. A weak gravitational field indicates nearly flat space-time, and there Newton's theories seem to apply. But a strong gravitational field throws classical predictions off. Einstein postulated three ways this theory could be proved. One was by observing the stars during a total solar eclipse. The sun is our closest strong gravitational field. Light traveling from a star through space and passing the sun's field would be bent, if Einstein's theory were true. If you could see the star during the day, he predicted, it would be in a different place than at night. The only chance to see it during the day would be during an eclipse. Further proofs of Einstein's theory came with advancing technology through the 1960s and continue in the present. But the immediate impact in 1919 was enormous. World War I had just ended. Einstein became a celebrity, and within a year, more than 100 books had been published about his theories. Leopold Infeld, who worked with Einstein on a book on relativity, suggested, "people were weary of hatred, of killing. . . . Here was something which captured the imagination . . . [t]he mystery of the sun's eclipse and of the penetrating power of the human mind."

54. Virtual Trips To Black Holes And Neutron Stars Page s and MPEG movies that take you on exciting trips. These movies are scientifically accurate computer animations made with strict adherence to Einstein's general Theory of relativity. The descriptions are written to be understandable on a variety of levels from the casually curious to the professionally inquisitive.(a NASA supported site)...... http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/rjn_bht.html

Virtual Trips to Black Holes and Neutron Stars by Robert Nemiroff ( Michigan Technological University Ever wonder what it would look like to travel to a black hole? A neutron star? If so, you might find this page interesting. Here you will find descriptions and MPEG movies that take you on such exciting trips. These movies are scientifically accurate computer animations made with strict adherence to Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. The descriptions are written to be understandable on a variety of levels - from the casually curious to the professionally inquisitive. It is hoped that students from grade school to graduate school will find these virtual trips educational. "A stimulating, relativistically accurate trip!" - Kip Thorne The Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Author of "Black Holes and Time Warps - Einstein's Outrageous Legacy" Earth if compressed to ultracompact density and viewed from the photon sphere. Written Description of Visible Distortion Effects Below is a published paper understandable to undergraduates: "Visual Distortions Near a Black Hole and Neutron Star," Nemiroff, R. J. 1993, American Journal of Physics, 61, 619

55. General Relativity Thus was born the general theory of relativity. Einstein s equations. Gmn = (8pG/c2)Tmn. connect matter and energy (the right-hand side) with the geometry http://www.physics.fsu.edu/Courses/Spring98/AST3033/Relativity/GeneralRelativity

Introduction to General Relativity Problems with Newtonian Gravity Newton was fully aware of the conceptual difficulties of his action-at-a-distance theory of gravity. In a letter to Richard Bentley Newton wrote: It is inconceivable, that inanimate brute matter should, without the mediation of something else, which is not material, operate upon, and affect other matter without mutual contact; as it must do, if gravitation, ...., be essential and inherent in it. And this is one reason, why I desired you would not ascribe innate gravity to me. That gravity should be innate, inherent, and essential to matter, so that one body may act upon another, at a distance through vacuum, without the mediation of anything else, by and through their action and force may be conveyed from one to another, is to me so great an absurdity, that I believe no man who has in philosophical matters a competent faculty of thinking, can ever fall into it." So, clearly, Newton believed that something had to convey gravitational influence from one body to another. When later it became clear that influences travel at finite speeds it was reasonable to suppose this true of gravity also. But Newton's law of gravity did not incorporate the finite travel time of gravitational influences. If right now the sun were to be destroyed by a passing black hole we would not feel the gravitational effects until about 8 minutes had elapsed. Because Newton's law did not include such retardation effects, and permitted violations of special relativity, it was clear that Newton's law had to be an approximation to the correct law of gravity.

56. Dr. Mendel Sachs On compatibility of the quantum theory and theory of general relativity by Dr. Mendel Sachs. http://www.compukol.com/mendel/

The Future of Physics? My name is Mendel Sachs. My subject is theoretical physics. I have recently become aware of this excellent means of communicating ideas to my fellow physicists. I would like to ask your indulgence in some of my thoughts about physics today. I have discovered during my professional career that in order to increase our comprehension of the material world, it is necessary to ask significant questions and then try to answer them, as completely and rigorously as possible no matter how hard this may seem to be at the outset. A "significant question" to me is one whose answer could possibly increase our understanding. Of course, there is no guarantee at the outset that the question would turn out to be significant in the final analysis. On the other hand, it is often clear when a question (that a great deal of attention may be given to) is not significant! Let me start out, then, with some questions that I believe are significant, and then try to answer them, in my view. 1) What do we presently believe are the most fundamental assertions of the laws of nature? My answer is: The bases of the quantum theory and the theory of relativity. I am not referring here to mathematical expressions of these theories; I refer to the basic concepts that underlie these expressions. If you do not agree with this answer, or those to the questions below, please respond with your own views.

57. General Theory Of Relativity Einstein called his new work the general theory of relativity. In its original form, Einstein s general relativity has been verified numerous times in http://www.humboldt1.com/~gralsto/einstein/relativ.html

General Theory of Relativity After 1905, Einstein continued working in all three of his works in the 1905 papers Back to Scientific Works Home

58. Laser Interferometer Space Antenna The NASA mission studies the mergers of supermassive black holes, tests Einstein's Theory of general relativity, probes the early Universe, and searches for gravitational waves——the primary objective. http://lisa.jpl.nasa.gov/

+ View the NASA Portal Search JPL Download new LISA science brochure (1.6-Mb PDF file) Updated: Glossary Site Map Contacts LISA is a joint mission between the European Space Agency and NASA's Office of Space Science (Structure and Evolution of the Universe Beyond Einstein Program NASA Science Team Site Webmaster: Diane K. Fisher

59. Physics Department, Tufts University Offers undergraduate, master's, and PhD programs. Information about current research in high energy physics, condensed matter, general relativity and cosmology, astronomy and astrophysics, and biophysics. http://ase.tufts.edu/physics/

Department of Physics and Astronomy : Tufts University : Robinson Hall : Medford, MA 02155 USA Tel. 617-627-3029 : Fax 617-627-3878 information about the images

60. Relativity explanation provided by general relativity, where a complete theory of gravity is The origin of general relativity lies in Einstein s attempt to apply http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~js/21st_century_science/lectures/lec07.html

Spacetime and Energy relativity unifies space, time, mass and energy Special relativity and E=mc led to the most powerful unification of physical concepts since the time of Newton. The previously separate ideas of space, time, energy and mass were linked by special relativity, although without a clear understanding of how they were linked. explanation provided by general relativity, where a complete theory of gravity is provided by using the geometry of spacetime The how and why remained to the domain of what is called general relativity, a complete theory of gravity using the geometry of spacetime. The origin of general relativity lies in Einstein's attempt to apply special relativity in accelerated frames of reference. Remember that the conclusions of relativity were founded for inertial frames, i.e. ones that move only at a uniform velocity. Adding acceleration was a complication that took Einstein 10 years to formulate. Equivalence Principle equivalence principle equates accelerating and gravity effects The equivalence principle was Einstein's `Newton's apple' insight to gravitation. His thought experiment was the following, imagine two elevators, one at rest of the Earth's surface, one accelerating in space. To an observer inside the elevator (no windows) there is no physical experiment that he/she could perform to differentiate between the two scenarios.

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