81. Poblacion Nativa De Las Americas, Argentina quechua is the most widely spoken indigenous language in the northwestern provinces May 1991 The indigenous people of Argentina were represented in the http://www.mapuche.info/indgen/Indarg01.html

Indigenous People in Argentina Pamela Burke Overview There 16 to 20 indigenous groups in Argentina which dwell primarily in the North of the country, bordering Bolivia and Paraguay. The larger groups are the Collas (35,000), the Chiriguanos (15,000), the Tobas (15,000), the Mapuches (40,000), the Guaranies (10,500) of Misiones, and the Wichi (25,000). Further South, about 36,000 Mapuches live in the province of Nequen and Tehuelches, bordering on Chile. There are also varying estimates of Quechua and Quichua speakers in Argentina depending upon seasonal employment. In the Tierra del Fuego, there are also some Selk'namgon people. Quechua is the most widely spoken indigenous language in the northwestern provinces. While there are about 5,000 permanent residents who are Quechua speakers in the province of Jujuy, there have been estimates of about 800,000 Quechua speakers from Bolivia coming to Argentina for employment, including 200,000 temporary laborers, 100,000 looking for work, and 500,000 living in Buenos Aires. Chiringuan, Choroti, Mataco, Mocovi, and Toba are spoken in the Gran Chaco. In Mesopotamia, Guarani is the main language for indigenous people. Mapudungun is spoken in Patagonia, while Yamana, Ona, and Selk'namgon are spoken in Tierra del Fuego.

82. Quechua by close to 10 million indigenous people in Peru and 2 million in Bolivia, The official language of the ancient Inca empire, also called quechua, http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/society/A0840752.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Encyclopedia Quechua OO u Pronunciation Key Quechua, Kechua , or Quichua , linguistic family belonging to the Andean branch of the Andean-Equatorial stock of Native American languages (mainly in South America). Encompassing far more native speakers than any other aboriginal language group in the Americas, the languages of the Quechuan family are spoken by peoples in Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Chile. There is a modern standard language of this family spoken by close to 10 million indigenous people in Peru and 2 million in Bolivia, as well as smaller populations in Ecuador and Argentina. Some 28 Quechuan languages are still in use. The official language of the ancient Inca empire, also called Quechua, was of this family. In the early 1400s, Quechua was dominant in S Peru. As the Incas' empire expanded, their language became the administrative and commercial tongue from N Ecuador to central Chile. After their conquest of the Incas in the 16th cent., the Spaniards spread the use of Quechua beyond the Inca empire. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia

83. Dialogue Between Nations: Program Guides quechua, Interviewed by Javier Perez from Mexico / Entrevista por Javier Perezde Mexico Second Session of the Permanent Forum on indigenous People, http://www.dialoguebetweennations.com/navigation/N2N2003PG.htm

2003 Permanent Forum Program Guide 2003 Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Dialogues Foro Permanente Para Las Cuestiones Indigenas Dialogos Real Audio Español/Spanish Antonio Segundo Jacanamijoy Tisoy Inga Otilia Lux di Coti Maya Kiche Real Audio English/Inglés Ida Nicolaisen Danish Lucy Mulenkei Maasai This conversation takes us on a journey which touches upon the issues of land, tradition and cultures, as well as their concerns confronting pastoralists within the confines of States who like people to be settled, as Ida reminds us. The problematic qualification of "who are Indigenous Peoples" also arises in this dialogue. Ida, in her role as a member of the Permanent Forum sees that there is a great willingness in the UN bodies to work on these issues. The need for a media strategy to move beyond the walls of the UN is also addressed. Real Audio Español/Spanish Marcos Terena Terena Viktor Kaisiepo "Kamassan"

84. Links To The Best Quechua Websites! learning quechua; quechua practice online; different varieties of quechua main indigenous cultures of Peru (not just the quechua people by any means! http://www.shef.ac.uk/q/quechua/i_BSITES.HTM

Links to the Best Quechua and Andean Websites This is only my personal selection! If you have more recommendations please click here to email me Contents Back to Homepage Top Sites Top Sites in Languages Other Than English ... Quechua practice on-line Forthcoming Quechua Events (conferences, fiestas, etc.) this has been expanded and moved to a separate page, click here Quechua by Country/Region Learning Quechua Best Links Pages lists of Quechua-related links Other Andean Languages Aymara, Jaqaru, Kawki and Uru-Chipaya Quechua Cultural Background: History, Art, Fiestas, Beliefs, etc Other Useful Sites Back to Homepage ... Back to Contents Top Sites A very full and highly informative Quechua language site by Serafín Coronel-Molina, a Peruvian native Quechua-speaker and linguist, author of the 2 nd edition of the Lonely Planet Quechua Phrasebook, and who now teaches Quechua in the USA: http://dolphin.upenn.edu/~scoronel/quechua.html In Spanish , on the Quechua of Cochabamba, with some pages in French http://members.tripod.com/~jlancey/Quechua.htm For a whole suite of websites on the history and archaeology of all the main indigenous cultures of Peru (not just the Quechua people by any means!), with a wealth of beautifully presented information, link to the homepage of the superb

85. Compare Prices And Read Reviews On Bolivia At Epinions.com Breaking Down The Barriers Bolivia s indigenous People Give An Example To Officials are promoting the writing of more textbooks in quechua and Aymara. http://www.epinions.com/content_27589709444

Join Epinions Help Sign In Destinations All Categories Advanced Search Home Destinations Bolivia Overall rating: Reviewed by 6 Epinions users Write a Review Compare Prices View Details Read Reviews ... Subscribe to reviews on this product Read Review of Bolivia Review Summary About the Author Breaking Down The Barriers: Bolivia's Indigenous People Give An Example To The World Jun 17 '01 Author's Product Rating Pros Recognition of rights; efforts at creating multicultural societies; developement programs Cons attitudes must change The Bottom Line If you want to tap into the power and much needed contributions toward country-building, get the people, all of them involved in the process. Read about the Natives of Bolivia. Full Review The recent events taking place in South America tend to cause the rest of the world to pay attention. Peru just elected its first Indian-descent president. Alejandro Toledo defeated former President Alan Garcia. But, the recent few years have been marked by the self-imposed exile in Japan of former President Alberto Fujimori. How convenient was it for him to be of Japanese descent! But, Bolivia continues to differentiate itself with all its forms and attempts at giving more rights, land and education to its indigenous peoples. What has it meant to be an indigenous person in Latin America?

86. The Constitution Of 88 :: Indigenous Peoples In Brazil - ISA The constitutional Rights of the indigenous peoples are expressed in a specificchapter of the Constitution of 1988 (title VIII, Of the Social Order, http://www.socioambiental.org/pib/english/rights/const.shtm

find your way: Indigenous peoples in Brazil Rights Can the Indian...? The Indian Statute ... International The Constitution of 88 :: Introduction :: Right to be different :: Rights to their land :: Other regulations ... :: Constitutions of other countries Introduction The constitutional Rights of the indigenous peoples are expressed in a specific chapter of the Constitution of 1988 (title VIII, "Of the Social Order ", chapter VIII, "of the indigenous peoples"), aside from other regulations throughout the text and an article of the Acts of the Transitory Constitutional Regulations. This deals with the Rights marked by at least two innovative and important concepts in relation to prior Constitutions and the so-called The Indian Statute. The first innovation is the abandonment of the assimilationist point of view, which considered the indigenous peoples as a transitory social category, destined to disappear. The second innovation is that the rights of the indigenous peoples over their lands are defined in the concept of original rights that are prior to the creation of the State itself. This is a result of the de facto historical recognition that the indigenous peoples were the first occupants of Brazil. The new Constitution establishes, in this manner, a new outlook for the relations between the State, Brazilian society and the indigenous peoples .

87. Ecuador: Religion Of The People There are about 2 million evangelical indigenous people in Ecuador (5). Amauta Jatari (“Teacher rise up” in quechua) appeared in 1998 and, in 2002, http://mondediplo.com/2005/04/14cosmovision

subscribe back issues search maps ... April 2005 Contents Lebanon: a cedar ready to fall A timeline of intervention Cosmetic withdrawals United States: trade in torture ... Europe: yes is not a triumph Ecuador: religion of the people * Brazil: religion of the poor One picture is worth a million pixels The rise of the evangelicals in latin america Ecuador: religion of the people The Catholic church is in decline in Latin America as the evangelical movement makes converts. The political and social implications of this movement are profound but, as demonstrated in Ecuador and Brazil, its development has not been monolithic or coherent. By Laurent Tranier This article is available to subscribers only. login or email address password to subscribe to our Internet or print editions, follow this link if you have forgotten your password, please enter your email address or login name in the top box and press the "password reminder" button below to receive an email reminder Translated by Julie Stoker

88. Language Centre - Language Learning Links Individual Languages. Weblinks for the Languages of indigenous People. Back toList Werger is a robotics PhD. who teaches quechua in his spare time. http://www.lang.ox.ac.uk/langlinks/indivlangs/indigenous.html

Home Text Version Search Site Index ... Feedback Oxford University Language Centre 12 Woodstock Road Oxford Tel: (01865 2) 83360 Fax: (01865 2) 83366 e-mail: admin@lang.ox.ac.uk Individual Languages Weblinks for the Languages of Indigenous People Back to List General North America, Central America and South America Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific ... Europe General links to materials useful for the learning, teaching and study of indigenous languages Alphabet Street . Transliterations and special characters. The Conservation of Endangered Languages . Information about a seminar at The Centre for Theories of Language and Learning , Bristol University. The Creolist Archives Homepage Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics: Online Index Endangered- Languages-L Forum Email list and associated web pages which aim 'to provide a world-wide communications vehicle and a central electronic archive for anyone working on, or interested in, the study and documentation of endangered languages'. Ethnologue . A catalogue of more than 6700 languages. From the Summer Institute of Linguistics. The Foundation for Endangered Languages Handout on Endangered Languages . An excellent introduction compiled by Randy J. LaPolla.

89. Indigenous Women Tarcila Rivera, a Peruvian indigenous woman of quechua origin, explains We are There are 40 million indigenous people in the part of the Americas that http://www.indians.org/welker/indwomen.htm

Indigenous Women "Are you going to sing and dance?" asked an inquisitive journalist to a group of indigenous women from Latin America. They looked at him with fury and snapped: "We do not sing and we do not dance." Tarcila Rivera, a Peruvian indigenous woman of Quechua origin, explains: "We are of flesh and bone, like everybody else. We are not exotic and are much more than our traditional costumes. We have economic, political, cultural, gender problems, like all the women attending this Forum, she adds. We want to participate in politics, have a voice at the UN, use a computer." Indigenous women are annoyed that in the NGO Forum's program the plight of indigenous women is subsumed within ethnicity and culture. And no wonder. They have come to Beijing with a serious platform which has a lot in common with the demands of rural women, only that they suffer a double discrimination: as women and as indigenous people. Despite having made great strides in terms of organization and coordination at continental level, Latin America's indigenous women still feel marginalized and not understood by their Latin American sisters. They were disappointed, for example, at the token role they played during "diversity" workshops and celebrations in the Latin American and Caribbean tent.

90. Latin American Perspectives -- Sign In Page 1992 El quechua en debate Ideología, normalización y enseñanza. 1998 IndigenousPeoples and Cultures in the Contemporary World System. (Videocassette. http://lap.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/30/1/70

JOURNAL HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS ... SEARCH QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This item requires a subscription to Latin American Perspectives Online. The Politics of Community: Education, Indigenous Rights, and Ethnic Mobilization... Latin American Perspectives. This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions To view this item, select one of the options below: Sign In User Name Sign in without cookies. Can't get past this page? Help with Cookies. Need to Activate? Password Forgot your user name or password? Purchase Short-Term Access Pay per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 1 day for US$25.00 Pay for Admission - You may access all content in Latin American Perspectives Online (from the computer you are currently using) for 24 hours for US$75.00. Regain Access - You can regain access to a recent Pay per Article or Pay for Admission purchase if your access period has not yet expired.

91. International Literacy Explorer - Peru - Background will be on the quechua speakers living in the Andean region. People and Languages.In the jungle live numerous and distinct indigenous groups; in fact, http://www.literacyonline.org/explorer/peru_back.html

Literacy and Civic Education Program for Indigenous and Peasant Women, Peru Background Project Overview Activities Outcomes and Implications Resources ... Questions The Issue in Brief In this last decade of the twentieth century, basic education has come to be considered by many international organizations as a fundamental human right. In addition to this ideological stand, societies around the worldand their governmentsare coming to realize the practical importance of a citizenry with at least basic literacy and numeracy skills to be able to participate in our increasingly global marketplace. Perhaps more for such economic reasons, then, rather than ideological ones, it seems that every day national governments are mandating the education of their populations, and in many cases, non-governmental organizations are coming forward to help fulfill the mandate. But even with the recognition of the social and economic importance of literacy and the increase in programs to educate the people, many segments of the population find it difficult to obtain an education. This is especially true in developing countries, and it is most often women and rural peasants who suffer the lowest literacy rates. Many cultures believe that it is not necessary to educate women, since their place is in the home and they will therefore not have much contact with the world beyond their own small communities. However, there are many factors in today's changing world that invalidate this reasoning. Two important ones are the increase in many areas of single-parent homes with the mother as the only parent (whether from the effects of war, disease or, to a lesser degree in third world countries, divorce), and the fact that mothers' literacy and education levels often greatly influence the health and achievements of the children. Therefore, it is imperative that both already-existing and new programs in the process of elaboration make an effort to focus on these populations. Policymakers and literacy practitioners need to understand the social context of these populations and design programs that address that context in terms of both curriculum content and scheduling.

92. Science Blog -- OBSERVANCE OF INTERNATIONAL DAY OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AT HEADQUAR The theme of the Decade is “indigenous people partnership in action”. Iroquois Six Nations Confederacy; from South America, the quechua, Aymara, Colla, http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/archives/L/2001/B/un011140.html

Press Release OBV/230 PI/1371 OBSERVANCE OF INTERNATIONAL DAY OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AT HEADQUARTERS TODAY The Permanent Forum and the Draft Declaration Two central objectives of the International Decade are: The establishment of a permanent forum for indigenous people, as called for by the 1993 Vienna World Conference on Human Rights, and The adoption of the draft declaration on the rights of indigenous people. The Economic and Social Council, on 28 July 2000, adopted a resolution to establish the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.  This past July, the Council decided that the new Permanent Forum is to meet for the first time from 6 to 17 May 2002 at United Nations Headquarters in New York.  The draft Declaration, which was approved by the Sub-Commission in 1994, is now under consideration by a working group established by the Human Rights Commission.  In addition to restating the basic protections of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the draft Declaration would protect specific rights as applicable to indigenous people, such as freedom of religious practices, customs, ceremonies, freedom of access to their property and sacred places; land rights and environment; language and oral traditions; self determination and participation in decision-making; and access to education in their own language.  It would prohibit relocation and imposed assimilation or integration, and it states that treaties between indigenous people and Governments should be honoured and that indigenous people are entitled to restitution for losses imposed on them.

93. Update On Our Work In Bolivia Radio ACLO is the only fulltime quechua-speaking station in Bolivia with indigenous people to be active participants in the democratic process. http://www.thp.org/bolivia/2004/apr/

APRIL 2004 Update to the Global Board on our work in Bolivia This protest was organized by campesinos (rural farmers) at the office of the mayor in protest of indifference to their poverty, where they cried “Basta, basta, basta” (enough, enough, enough). Background The population of Bolivia is approximately 8.5 million people, of which a little over half is indigenous from various ethnic groups with Quechua and Aymara being the largest. Just under one-third of the population is mestizo , or of mixed lineage, and about 15 percent are white and primarily Spanish descendents. Indigenous groups in Bolivia have historically been geographically, socially and/or politically isolated. Their attempts to organize, protest and issue demands to the government have been often met with political and military resistance. Over the last few years in particular, campesinos (rural farmers who are disproportionately indigenous) have increasingly agitated via the few avenues they have to protest-utilizing roadblocks, occupational and hunger strikes, and organizing marches to gain attention from political leaders-a number of which resulted in violent clashes and deaths of campesinos. Despite the agitations, very little has changed in the marginalized and poverty stricken condition of the indigenous population or with the government’s response to their demands. The recent political upheaval in October 2003 that resulted in then-President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada resigning and fleeing the country indicates the instability and lack of confidence that pervades the current political climate.

94. T R U T H O U T - Across The Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard Bush s Popularity With Older Voters Is Seen as Slipping, Across the Americas,indigenous peoples Make Themselves Heard, Builders Swamp Wetlands http://www.truthout.org/docs_03/102003F.shtml

Print This Story E-mail This Story Go to Original Across the Americas, Indigenous Peoples Make Themselves Heard By Héctor Tobar Los Angeles Times Sunday 19 October 2003 Above the rocky bowl of La Paz, this vast township of brick and adobe homes stretches across a dry plain. This is where the Aymara Indians of western Bolivia come to live and work when their farms can no longer feed them. For the past week, the hardscrabble order of El Alto gave way to a fervor of rebellion. Armed with the traditional weapons of the Aymara people - sticks, slingshots and muscle - its residents fought the army, built barricades and derailed a train, cutting off and shutting down the capital below them. "We are not going to allow ourselves to be pushed around anymore," said Bernaldo Castillo Mollo, a 37-year-old Aymara bricklayer and jack-of-all-trades who was shot in the foot during the protests. "So that our children have a better life than us, we are willing to die." The Indian-led movement that brought down Bolivian President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada last week was only the most recent and startling expression of a growing militancy and political assertiveness among the native peoples of the Americas. In Ecuador and in Guatemala, indigenous leaders arguably wield more influence in local and national affairs than in any time since the Spanish conquest. And in Chile and Mexico, resistance to the changes brought by the global economy are helping to feed a renaissance of indigenous organizations.

95. Inter Press Service News Agency But the autonomy granted to indigenous people is undermined by the presence The quechua, Aymara and Guaraní Indians are the largest ethnic groups in http://www.ipsnews.net/sendnews.asp?idnews=29059

96. South America's Indigenous Peoples --  Encyclopædia Britannica South America s indigenous peoples More than 350 indigenous groups with a populationtotaling over 18 million people inhabit South America. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9342302

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents South America's Indigenous Peoples Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products South America's Indigenous Peoples Year in Review 2000 Page 1 of 1 by Alcida Rita Ramos South America's Indigenous Peoples... (75 of 1201 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "South America's Indigenous Peoples."

97. UNESCO Courier: Ecuador: Beyond The Dollar Coup - Brief Article Once indigenous people complete their period of selfdefinition through struggles Re-elected twice since 1992, this quechua from the country s central http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1310/is_2000_Sept/ai_66123027

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles UNESCO Courier Sept 2000 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Related Searches International economic relations / Ecuador Indigenous peoples / Political activity Monetary policy / Political aspects Ecuador / Political aspects Featured Titles for Advocate, The Air Force Journal of Logistics Air Force Law Review Air Force Speeches ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Ecuador: beyond the dollar coup - Brief Article UNESCO Courier Sept, 2000 by Marcos Almeida Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Globalization is fine, say Ecuador's indigenous leaders, as long as it allows us to preserve our traditional culture and begin talks with the North on a level playing field Luis Macas is one of the most prominent leaders and thinkers in Ecuador's indigenous people's movement. Invariably dressed in the distinctively dark poncho and sombrero from his village of Saraguro, in the country's western highlands, he manages the Internet edition of a newsletter published by the Institute for the Knowledge of Indigenous Culture. Macas heads this Quito-based body, having served stints as president of the Confederation of Ecuador's Indigenous Nationalities (CONAIE) and as a national deputy for the Pachakutik movement.

98. Advances On Paper No Guarantee Of Real Progress The poorest are the 12 percent of indigenous people who live on land that has The quechua, Aymara and Guaraní Indians are the largest ethnic groups in http://www.mapuche-nation.org/english/html/news/n-82.htm

Choose from the following Home Front Page News Articles Documents Environmental Archive Events Calendar Links About Us Home Front Page News Articles ... About Us LATIN AMERICA: Advances on Paper No Guarantee of Real Progress SANTIAGO, Jun 13 (IPS) - The growing political participation and influence of indigenous people in Latin America, which was recently noted in a World Bank report, has not yet led to a modification of their dire social and economic conditions or to a reduction in government resistance to addressing native peoples' demands for autonomy and respect for their cultures. When the World Bank presented its study "Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Human Development in Latin America: 1994-2004" on May 18, the Chilean Congress once again voted down a proposed constitutional reform, introduced nearly 15 years ago, that would grant constitutional recognition of the country's aboriginal peoples. The constitutional reform, which needed 76 votes in the Chamber of Deputies to pass, won just 53, while 26 lawmakers voted against it and 24 abstained. That blocked one of the aims of socialist President Ricardo Lagos, who has also been unable to push through the ratification of International Labour Organisation (ILO) convention 169.

99. GRAIN | Seedling | 1998 | NURTURING THE SEED IN THE PERU quechua – indigenous people from the Ayacucho region of Peru Pacha – earth, locallandscape Pachamama – mother earth Runa human (quechua) http://www.grain.org/seedling/?id=138

100. Zeal.com - United States - New - Library - Society - Community & Cultures - Indi Database of materials about indigenous peoples of the world. Offers forums andarticles indexed by subject, nation and geographic region. http://zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=10133057

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