41. The Center For Global Tolerance & Engagement: World Fast Facts Languages, Fang, French, punu, Sira, Nzebi, Mpongwe. Density, 39 people per square km. Religions, 52% indigenous beliefs, 40% Muslim, 8% Christian. http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d34/cgte/cgtegcty.html

GABON FAST FACTS Location West Africa Capital Libreville Population 1.2 Million Density 5 people per square km Urban/Rural Split 50% Urban, 50% Rural Languages Fang, French, Punu, Sira, Nzebi, Mpongwe Religions No statistics Ethnicities GAMBIA FAST FACTS Location West Africa Capital Banjul Population 1.9 Million Density 119 people per square km Urban/Rural Split 26% Urban, 74% Rural Languages Mandinka, Fulani, Wolof, Diola, Soninke, English Religions No statistics Ethnicities 42% Mandingo, 18% Fulani, 16% Wolof, 10% Jola, 9% Serahuli, 5% Other GEORGIA FAST FACTS Location Europe Capital Tbilisi Population 5.4 Million Density 77 people per square km Urban/Rural Split 58% Urban, 42% Rural Languages Georgian, Russian Religions No statistics Ethnicities 70% Georgian, 8% Armenian, 7% Other, 6% Russian, 6% Azeri, 3% Ossetian GERMANY FAST FACTS Location Europe Capital Berlin Population 82.4 Million Density 236 people per square km Urban/Rural Split 87% Urban, 13% Rural Languages German Religions 36% Protestant, 35% Roman Catholic, 27% Other, 2% Muslim Ethnicities 92% German, 3% other European, 3% Other, 2% Turkish

42. Race And Ethnicity Blood Type Analysis - BloodBook.com, Blood Information For Li BLOOD TYPES OF RACE ETHNIC peoples BLOOD CHARACTERISTICS TEST RESULTS OF Liberia, indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, http://www.bloodbook.com/race-eth.html

RACE and ETHNIC BLOOD TYPE ANALYSIS BLOODBOOK.COM BLOOD TYPES OF RACE AND ETHNIC PEOPLES BLOOD TYPE CHARACTERISTICS. BLOOD TEST RESULTS AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES INDEXED BY PEOPLE GROUPS. TO HOME PAGE CLOSE WINDOW Racial and Ethnic Distribution of Blood Types African American Black Blood Donor Emergency COUNTRY RACIAL and/or ETHNIC ANALYSIS of PEOPLE GROUPS Afghanistan Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) Albania Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2%: Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians Algeria Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% Andorra Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3% Angola Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, Mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Antigua black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian (see Barbuda) Argentina European 97% (mostly of Spanish and Italian descent), 3% other (mostly Indian or Mestizo) Armenia Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989) Note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia

43. JAIC 1992, Volume 31, Number 1, Article 2 (pp. 03 To 16) Many people in Western cultures view African objects as culturally foreign and Fig. 16. Stilt dencer, punu peoples, Gabon. Photograph by Michel Huet http://aic.stanford.edu/jaic/articles/jaic31-01-002.html

JAIC 1992, Volume 31, Number 1, Article 2 (pp. 03 to 16) THE EXHIBITION AND CONSERVATION OF AFRICAN OBJECTS: CONSIDERING THE NONTANGIBLE STEPHEN P. MELLOR 1 INTRODUCTION Some specific examples in African art where nontangible attributes might have an effect on treatment decisions can be seen in the following: Should we look inside a Yoruba beaded crown (fig. 1), considered to be the premier piece of divine regalia, to mend the textile lining (fig. 2), or lend slides of its interior to the education department, when in cultural context it is forbidden for anyone, including the king, to view the interior? Should we secure loose and detached fragments of sacrificial patination on a Bamana Komo headdress (fig. 3), when the amount and thickness of this incrustation (fig. 4) are directly related to the degree and effectiveness of its cultural power? How do we justify the public exhibition of an Igala shrine figure (fig. 9), which would have been restricted from public view and seen only by people of a specific age, sex, or initiate? Fig. 1. Crown, Yoruba peoples, Nigeria, Glass beads, basketry, textile, vegetable fiber, metal, H 30 ¾ in (78. 1cm). NMAfA 24-1989-01 (private lender). Photograph by Jeffrey Ploskonka

44. Africa Mozambique, Flag of Mozambique, Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects note Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in http://www.ethiotrans.com/africa.htm

Africa Home About Africa Services Health Education Portfolio Get Quote ... Ruwanda County Flag Language Support Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Yes Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages Yes Benin French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north) Yes Botswana English (official), Setswana Yes Burkina Faso French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population Yes Burundi Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Yes Cameroon 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official) Yes Central African Republic French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili Yes Chad French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects Yes Congo, Democratic Republic of the

45. African Tribe Clothing tribal artists from the Fang, punu, Makushi, Chokwe indigenous, ethnic and tribal artifacts, crafts, textiles, and functional use of clothing of people in five http://www.hongkong-travel.info/african-tribe-clothing.html

46. OneWorld Africa Home / In Depth / Europe / South East Europe / Croatia - Full Co Hrvatskoj puna potpora Europskog parlamenta. 14.01.2004 Hrvatska ima punu potporu Europskog the Subversions was Keith McHenry, one of the people that started http://africa.oneworld.net/article/country/191/400

OneWorld Africa home In depth Europe South East Europe ... Croatia Search for OneWorld.net OneWorld Africa OneWorld Austria OneWorld Canada OneWorld Finland OneWorld Italy OneWorld Latin America OneWorld Netherlands OneWorld South Asia OneWorld Spain OneWorld SouthEast Europe OneWorld UK OneWorld United States AIDSChannel Digital Opportunity Kids Channel LearningChannel NEWS IN DEPTH PARTNERS GET INVOLVED ... OUR NETWORK South East Europe Albania Bosnia Bulgaria Croatia ... Help Full Coverage: Croatia If you wish to look further into some topics fill out the search criteria below or select from the menu on the left. keyword topic select Development Capacity building Children Cities Agriculture Aid Education Emergency relief Energy Fisheries Food Intermediate technology International cooperation Labour Land MDGs Migration Population Poverty Refugees Social exclusion Tourism Transport Volunteering Water/sanitation Youth Economy Consumption Corporations Credit and investment Debt Finance Microcredit Business Trade Environment Climate change Conservation Environmental activism Forests Genetics Animals Nuclear Issues Atmosphere Oceans Pollution Biodiversity Renewable energy Rivers Soils Health Disease AIDS Infant mortality Malaria Narcotics Nutrition/malnutrition Human rights Civil rights Disability Gender Indigenous rights Race politics Religion Sexuality Social exclusion Communication Culture Freedom of expression ICT Internet Knowledge Media Science Politics

47. Masks Office Links US is a type of wood that is indigenous to Bali an ancestral spirit of the Kota and Mukudji people from Gabon. Known as punu, the ancestral spirit is believed to http://officeus.helenk.net/office/masks.html

48. State Of Indigenous Languages In Australia - 2001: 11. Bibliography Burnaby, Barbara 1997, Personal thoughts on indigenous language stabilization. 1985, punu Yankuytjatjara Plant use. Alice Springs Institute for http://www.deh.gov.au/soe/techpapers/languages/bibliography.html

Skip navigation links About us Contact us Publications ... What's new State of the Environment Australia You are here: DEH Home State of the environment Publications State of Indigenous Languages in Australia - 2001 Australia State of the Environment Technical Paper Series (Natural and Cultural Heritage), Series 2 P McConvell and N Thieberger Department of the Environment and Heritage, 2001 ISBN Contents Previous Next 11. Bibliography Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission 1990, Submission to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs Inquiry into Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander language maintenance (ms.). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission. Native Title Social Justice Advisory Committee 1995, Recognition, rights and reform: a report to government on native title social justice measures Canberra: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission 2000, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and Australia's Obligations under the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights [place/ pub?]Canberra: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission.

49. TERMINOLOGY For example, ‘Barimba,’ being the punu word for Forest People in general, As is so common throughout central africa, the term also carries with it the http://www.unesco-pygmee.org/res/jk/term.php

Ressources( Forum Partenaires Contact Aujourd'hui nous sommes le : 25-9-2005 Culture et communication Ressources News Introduction Terminology State of knowledge Geography and distribution Relocation (I) Relocation (II) ... Reference Appendix Home TERMINOLOGY ‘Forest Peoples’ also referred to as ‘Pygmies’ are known by various names in different parts of the country; thus, nomenclature can be confusing. The majority of groups still live next to their long-standing neighbours (often referred to as ‘traditional’) thus names for the Forest People can differ only in so much as they are equivalent labels given to them by different ethnic groups. For example, ‘Barimba,’ being the Punu word for Forest People in general, is used in the Southern regions of Gabon where there are high densities of Bapunu. There are often overlaps and multiple names for the same group, and these names likewise differ from what the Forest People call themselves. In informal discourses, it is often said that, certain peoples such as the ‘Mitsogo’, and the Pygmies ‘are the same’ because of their longstanding relationships and traditional forest hunting way of life. As is so common throughout central Africa, the term also carries with it the double identity of the Pygmies as ‘nothing’ (numerous derogatory connotations, lower status) and ‘everything’ (healers and fetishers that know the secrets of nature). They themselves use the word with outsiders as a form of self-description, interchangeably with such local terms as ‘Babongo’, again in contexts that emphasise their dual identity as ‘small and powerless’ and ‘omnipotent fetishers,’ and, like other Gabonese, go on to elucidate its meaning in relation to the term ‘Bantu’.

50. Colby College : STS215 : Weather, Climate, And Society Projects In addition, village education changed as the indigenous institutions were taken From 19101957 Gabon was considered a part of French Equatorial africa. http://www.colby.edu/sts/st215/projects/stations/libreville/

World Weather, Climate, and Society Projects by students enrolled in , fall 2004. introduction project locations home Libreville, Gabon Ryan Graumann, Brittainy Heitzman, Anne Wachtel download weather data Country Overview Comprising an area about the size of Colorado and straddling the Equator on the Western coast of Africa lies the country of Gabon. Formerly a French colony, and still officially called the Republique Gabonaise, Gabon is located on the edge of the Congo Basin. Climate In general, the climate in Gabon is hot, with the average daily temperature rarely dipping below 81 degrees Fahrenheit. It is also extremely muggy throughout most of the year; while the locals might be used to these types of Equatorial conditions, the humidity alone can present a challenge to foreigners or those visiting from abroad. The dry season lasts from May to September, with a short dry spell in mid-December. These trends are evidenced by our daily weather recordings collected from September to November. Please follow this link to see our daily weather record: When we began recording in September, the May to September dry season had just ended. However, in a few weeks, come mid-December, they should get a short reprieve from their generally rainy and stormy weather, with the coming of the brief December dry season. As the charts below demonstrate, during the time we recorded the weather, the climate was very characteristic of the rainy season, with the country experiencing predominately rainy, overcast, and stormy weather throughout the duration of our study.

51. African Masks human body, African masks are mobile in their indigenous Yoruba, Bambara, Sidamo, Bobo, Fanti, punu, Tikar, Fang When most people think of African art they http://www.snorkel-equipment.info/se_resources/African-Masks.html

52. Elections In Gabon Gabon (French Gabon) is a country in Central africa. The capital is Libreville The official language is French, other main languages are Fang and punu. http://www.electionworld.org/gabon.htm

Electionworld.org / Elections around the world Gabon French Gabon ) is a country in Central Africa. The capital is Libreville. The dominant religions are christianity (roman catholicism) and indigenous beliefs. The official language is French, other main languages are Fang and Punu. Gabon has a population of around 1,3 million on 257,667 km². The country is a presidential republic where despite democratic structures there is no fair chance for the opposition. It is divided in 9 provinces. Freedom House rated the country on political rights with a 5 and on civil rights with a 4, both on a scale of 1 to 7 (in which 1 is the most free). Freedom House considers Gabon to be a partly free country. More info CIA World Fact Book Wikipedia World Statesmen Rulers ... Political resources Official name: (Gabonese Republic) Political parties (including links) A short history Executive President : El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba (1967/1998) PDG Prime minister : Jean-François Ntoutoume-Émane (1999/2002) PDG The president is elected for a seven year term by the people. The government is formed by the PDG, RNB and PSD. President: 6 december 1998 El Hadj Omar Bongo - Parti Démocratique Gabonais Pierre Mamboudou - Union du Peuple du Gabon Paul Mba Abessole - Rassemblement National des Bûcherons Source: IRIN West-Africa Parliament The Parlement (Parliament) has two chambers. The

53. WCRD - Christian Audio Resource Directory Galcom is a service to missionaries and unreached peoples. A consultant is available to advise language teams and indigenous churches/agencies on http://www.missionresources.com/christianaudio.html

Christian Audio Resource Directory This resource directory includes Bible, New Testament, scripture portions and music recordings on audio cassettes in many languages. Please send any additions, deletions and recommendations to ken@missionresources.com New Items: Digital Tracts INTERESTED IN TALKING DIGITAL TRACTS? Check 'em out... solar powered, solid state, made by http://www.mymegavoice.net info@mymegavoice.net galcom@galcom.org Also, http://www.audioscriptures.org has a "talking bible." Unshackled Unshackled 646 South State Street Chicago, IL 60605 Phone: 312.922.1462 Fax: 312.922.7766 http://www.unshackled.org/ unshackled@pgm.org has some cassette tapes of Unshackled radio programs which are dramas of people getting saved has a printed catalog they send out Global Resources for Computing Global Resources for Computing (GRC) has been selected by Gospel Recordings USA, to design and implement their Global Audio Distribution system. The project provides this service via multiple Teraservers. GRC provided the design, methodology, hardware, software and systems integration. Over the last 60+, years GR has collected over 5500 language samples of Gospel messages. This new project will make these recordings available across a soon-to-be announced Internet address during 2003. The media will be distributed in MP3, Real Audio, and .WAV formats through an Oracle database-supported website as specified by GRC. More- http://www.grcomputing.net

54. History 5000 BC The people of northern africa began practicing farming. indigenous african tribes 95% (including major groups Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, http://www.africaalmanac.com/history.html

The World's Top 50 Newsmakers Chick the links below to access information Defining dates in African history, 5000 B.C-2000 A.D Major assassinations and political killings in African history, 1950-2003 African leaders who died of natural causes or in accidents African Countries' Tribes Defining dates in African history, 5000 B.C-2000 A.D 5000 B.C The people of northern Africa began practicing farming. The vast area stretching across northern Africa and down to central Africa began drying up, turning into what is today the Sahara desert. Upper and lower Egypt were united by King Menes to become Egypt of antiquity, one of the greatest of world civilizations. Menes also founded the first Egyptian dynasty. Construction work on the pyramids and the Great Sphinx of Egypt began. The first great pyramid, called the Step Pyramid, was built for the king Zoser and it stood at about 60 metres high. The Third Pharaoh of the First Egyptian Dynasty conquered the Nubian people of the Upper Sudan area. The future Kushite empire grew out of this conquest.

55. African Masks Yoruba, Bambara, Sidamo, Bobo, Fanti, punu, Tikar, Fang When most people think of African art they think body, African masks are mobile in their indigenous http://www.halloween-deals-discounts.com/1/african-masks.html

56. The Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement: Non-Hawaiians - 6. FREE ASSOCIATION He said the free association model is not an indigenous only proposal. 11 Peter S. Adler, Joanne punu, Randall W. Roth and Eric Yamamoto, http://www.hookele.com/non-hawaiians/chapter6.html

CHAPTER 5 NATION-WITHIN-A-NATION CONTENTS CHAPTER 7 ... FULL INDEPENDENCE The Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement: Roles of and Impacts on Non-Hawaiians By Anthony Castanha , August 1996 CHAPTER 6 FREE ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTION OF MODEL The free association model of Hawaiian self-government would provide Hawai'i a political status between integration with an independent state and full independence. Free association means Hawai'i would be internally self-governing, and this status would allow a degree of external autonomy for Hawai'i as a whole. This political status is recognized and established internationally, and also within the U.S. political system. "Free association with an independent State" is one of the choices for self-government listed under United Nations Resolution 1541 (XV), as discussed in chapter 2 . This political status was established in 1953 to allow some former dependent territories the option of freely associated status, rather than independence, with some territories not being given "a real option of independence in the case of the entities emerging from the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands." If the free association model is implemented, Hawai'i and the United States would sign a "compact of free association," a contract defining the relationship.

57. ATADA Media File Page (Antique Tribal Art Dealers Association Inc.) an indigenous Asian people who crossed into North America thousands of years In this case, it was an African punu mask. Serene and haunting, it was http://www.atada.org/2002_Media_Files.html

2002 Media Files Page Articles reprinted in 2002 from contributors, newspapers and magazines in the ATADA Newsletter Table of Contents Media Files - antique and tribal art issues as seen from the point of view of the outside world reprinted from The ATADA Newsletter. You may track reports of various recent court cases as they proceeded through the US court system here. Media Files from the Fall 2002 Issue of The ATADA Newsletter Archaeologists Find Mayan ‘Masterpiece’ in Guatemala High in the Andes, a Place That May Have Been Incas’ Last Refuge Returning Tundra’s Rhythm to the Inuit in Film: Profile of Inuit Filmmaker Zacharias Kunu Exhibition includes masks, quills, moccasins, Haida ceremonial pipes Museum Joins With Tribe to Expand Exhibits Pechangas Delay Pact With L.A. Museum: The tribe wants more information before allying with the struggling Southwest New Travails for a Struggling California Museum A Backwoods Tanner Follows Indian Ways Antiquities Dealer Is Sentenced to Prison That Face: Enamored of a Mask ... Native New Yorkers of an Original Kind: The City wit the Largest American Indian Population is New York Tired of Turquoise?

58. Artefact Bibliography (bibli1Page2) sifnificance) (Keywords Ethnology, africa, Bassa, Yoruba, Boki, punu, Teke, Kuba). Leuzinger, Elsy. africa. The Art of Negro People. BNo. 6013819. http://www.tribalworldbooks.com.au/bib-artPage2.html

Artefact Bibliography page links Page 2 of 3 TRIBAL WORLD BOOKS References cited: Edmundson 1999 ADORNED Traditional Jewellery and Body Decoration . From Australia and the Pacific BNo.: 0-909635-36-6 First Edition, 1999 (pb) 112p; 295mm x 205mm; 0.65kg. 34 col, 65 b/w, 1 map. Preface, ethnographic info, Bibliography, acknow. A very good paperback copy in dust wrapper. Macleay Museum, University of Sydney, Sydney, 1999 (The book looks at some of the many ways of adorning the human body, bringing together a wide range of nineteenth and twentieth century artefacts from the indigenous art traditions of Australia and the Pacific) (Ethnology, Kimberley, Bathurst Island, Torres Strait, Simbu, Morobe, Irian Jaya). Gardi 1960 Gardi, Rene. (translated by Eric Northcott). TAMBARAN . An Encounter with Cultures in Decline in New Guinea. BNo.: n/a. First Edition (UK), 1960. Pp: 204; 230mm x 150mm; 0.65kg. 55 b/w, num fig, 2 maps. Translator's note. A good copy in dust wrapper. Constable and Company Ltd, London, 1960. (The author accompanied Professor Alfrad Buhler on an expedition to the remote parts of the Sepik region to collect artefacts. The text is illustrated

59. Project MUSE loss of any African heritage as well as the heritage of other peoples lost in When Derain painted Matisse in 1913 in a style similar to a Shirupunu http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/research_in_african_literatures/v031/31.4duerden.ht

How Do I Get This Article? Athens Login Access Restricted This article is available through Project MUSE, an electronic journals collection made available to subscribing libraries NOTE: Please do NOT contact Project MUSE for a login and password. See How Do I Get This Article? for more information. Login: Password: Your browser must have cookies turned on Duerden, Dennis "The "Discovery" of the African Mask" Research in African Literatures - Volume 31, Number 4, Winter 2000, pp. 29-47 Indiana University Press Excerpt The principal theme in this essay is the part played in Western art by masks from the Niger and Congo basins in Africa (to be referred to after this as Niger-Congo Africa), and the significance of their "discovery" in the years preceding and the years immediately following the First World War. It is therefore very specific, concerned with the form only of the masks that attracted Western visual artists and excludes the figures in a corpus which they referred to as , or "black art." Introducing this theme I have used four terms that have been ill-defined and need re-defining, and the revision of their definition is necessary to clear the ground for the argument that follows. Previous writers have used them in a very confused manner. These are "the discovery," "the mask," "African art,"

60. BALOCHUNITY.ORG the Mughals) of Makran; Nazim’s Mosque and Sassi punu Fort many nationalists to whom it will diminish the indigenous character of the town and its people. http://www.balochunity.org/index.php?opinions &did=757

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