1. Public Service Broadcasting public service broadcasting is based on the principles of universality of service, The roots of public service broadcasting are generally traced to http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/P/htmlP/publicservicb/publicserviceb.htm

PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING Pubic Television: A Program for Action, in which the term "public television" first appeared. By the early 1990s, the groundswell of political and public dissatisfaction with the privileged position of public service broadcasting entities had reached major proportion. Studies were revealing bureaucratic bungling, cost overruns, and the misuse of funds. One commission after another was recommending at least the partial dismantling or reorganization of existing institutions. New measures of accountability demanded more than idealistic rhetoric, and telecommunication policy makers were turning a deaf ear to public service broadcasting advocates. -Robert K. Avery FURTHER READING Avery, R. K., editor. Public Service Broadcasting in a Multichannel Environment: The History and Survival of an Ideal . White Plains, New York: Longman, 1993.

2. Public Service Broadcasting public service broadcasting broadcasting intended to serve the public interest. Broadcasting is, by definition, a public service. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. THE PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING TRUST The public service broadcasting Trust represents the confluence of energies to shape the contours of Public Broadcasting in India in a manner that validates http://www.psbt.org/

4. PBS This Web site from the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) features companion Web sites for nearly 250 PBS programs and specials, as well as seven http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. THE PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING TRUST THE public service broadcasting TRUST PO Box 3264, Nizamuddin East, New Delhi110 013 Tel 91-11-24355941. Fax 24353825 Email info@psbt.org http://www.psbt.org/current production1.htm

6. TeacherSource PBS Privacy Policy Terms of Use PBS.org Home 1995 2005 Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). Have Feedback? Talk To Us. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. UNESCO >> WebWorld | Communication And Information | Public Service Broadcasting Toby Mendel public service broadcasting. A comparative Legal Survey . The Rationale for public service broadcasting Organisations http://www.unesco.org/webworld/publications/mendel/jaya_index.html

CII Sector FED Unit CII Worldwide CII Prizes ... Contact WebWorld News Toby Mendel : Public Service Broadcasting. A comparative Legal Survey . - Kuala Lumpur : UNESCO, Asia Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development, 2000. Preface Introduction Features of Public Service Broadcasting organisations International Standards The Guarantee of Freedom of Expression Pluralism Independence and Funding Australia Introduction The Australian Broadcasting Corporation I. Services Provided II. Public Service Mandate III. Governing Structure A. Internal Governance B. Regulatory Mechanisms IV. Financing The Special Broadcasting Service Corporation I. Services Provided II. Public Service Mandate III. Governing Structure A. Internal Governance B. Regulatory Mechanisms IV. Financing Canada Introduction I. Services Provided II. Public Service Mandate III. Governing Structure A. Internal Governance B. Regulatory Mechanisms IV. Financing France Introduction I. Services Provided II. Public Service Mandate III. Governing Structure

8. Remoulding Public Service Broadcasting Remoulding public service broadcasting The British Experience http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. UNESCO >> WebWorld | Communication And Information | Public Service Broadcasting Toby Mendel public service broadcasting. A comparative Legal Survey . Kuala Lumpur UNESCO, Asia Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development, 2000. http://www.unesco.org/webworld/publications/mendel/intro.html

CII Sector FED Unit CII Worldwide CII Prizes ... Contact WebWorld News Toby Mendel : Public Service Broadcasting. A comparative Legal Survey . - Kuala Lumpur : UNESCO, Asia Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development, 2000. INTRODUCTION National broadcasters funded out of the public purse have historically formed a vital component of the broadcasting sector in most countries and the rationale for these broadcasters – which can offer alternative programming to that provided by the commercial sector – remains strong. At the same time, two key issues continue to pose a threat to the success of publicly-funded broadcasters. The first is ongoing attempts in many countries by the governing authorities to exert control over such broadcasters, undermining their independence and the quality of their news and other programming. The other is the ever-present desire of governments to cut budgets, which has resulted in increased pressure on the level of public funding received by these broadcasters, and a consequent search for alternative sources of funding. This study looks at the way in which national, publicly-funded broadcasters are organised and paid for in six countries where support for these broadcasters remains strong, namely Australia, Canada, France, Japan, South Africa and the United Kingdom. The focus is on the legal and practical arrangements under which these broadcasters operate, including broadcasting obligations, governance structures and funding arrangements. The study pays particular attention to the ways in which these countries have dealt with the threats noted above, namely how they have guaranteed the editorial independence of these broadcasters, while at the same time ensuring their accountability to the public and providing them with public funds.

10. Current.org The Newspaper About Public TV Radio In The U.S. Documents PUBLIC BROADCASTING POLICYBASE. History OF PUBLIC BROADCASTING Web service of the newspaper about public TV and radio in the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. RTE.ie - Irish Public Service TV And Radio Stations Online RTE.ie Irish public service television and radio broadcaster on the World Wide Web - bringing you Irish news, sports, business, entertainment http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

12. About RTÉ The essential nature of public service broadcasting is frequently public service broadcasting must do more than the minimum for the reason that it is http://www.rte.ie/about/organisation/forum/page6.html

The nature of public service broadcasting The essential nature of public service broadcasting is frequently described in terms of the trinity espoused by the first Director-General of the BBC, Lord Reith - to inform, educate and entertain. It was a ringing declaration in its day, and was issued with the confidence that accompanied an unchallenged monopoly in an era of technological immaturity. No broadcaster today, public or commercial, is in a position to invoke the Reithian formula as its sole preserve. There are too many broadcasting services supplying elements of information, education and entertainment to various sectors of the audience for such a claim to be credible. What is clear, though, is that there is a widespread approval and desire for broadcasting whose defining characteristics are not determined by market or commercial conditions alone. No discussion about the roles of public and commercial broadcasting proceeds very far before someone demands a definition of public service broadcasting. Sometimes this call for clarity is genuine and disinterested. But frequently it is the opening shot in a campaign to reduce the scope and ultimately the re s o u rces of public service broadcasting: the definition that is being sought is limiting and restrictive, rather than clarifying and liberating. Nowhere in our national law or in the policy and legislation of the European Union is there a definition of public service broadcasting, or of what constitutes a public service programme, although the question is endlessly debated. What we do have in law is a set of obligations prescribed as appropriate for television and radio channels with a public service character. This recognises the reality that the question to be asked is not "what is the definition of public service broadcasting?" but rather "what are the goals of public policy in broadcasting in this society now and in the medium term ? " The question is no longer one of definition. Instead, it is about the appropriate scope for public policy to intervene in the broadcasting market. The intervention takes the form of specifying obligations to the public interest and conferring them on particular broadcasting organisations.

13. PBS Kids - Mister Rogers' Neighborhood Home Page Activities, song lyrics, fun facts about Mister Rogers, and section for parents and teacher. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. Mass Media: Public Service Broadcasting Cultsock CCMS Infobase mass media public service broadcasting. http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/media/peacock.html

Mass media: broadcasting systems Mass media: broadcasting systems The Reithian tradition Traditionally, British broadcasters have been particularly proud of their public service broadcasting , which developed under the first Director General of the BBC, Lord Reith. The term is difficult to define. One European Commissioner for Audio-visual, Information, Communication and Cultural Affairs said publicly: 'What is public service? I don't know, though it is very important to answer the question.' (Blumler ( )) So, if even he doesn't know, you shouldn't be too worried if you find the notion confusing. It is rather vaguely summarized in the mission to inform, educate and entertain . Certainly, Reith would have seen entertainment as being very definitely in third place. In his view, to the extent that the BBC was intended to entertain, it was also intended to educate listeners and viewers in matters of taste as regards entertainment. The BBC's independence from government was also close to Reith's heart. That and its reputation for 'impartiality' have certainly contributed to making the BBC respected throughout the world. However, there is always the danger that an organization funded by the government and directed by the upper-middle-class is likely to favour the government line. That, (in)famously, is what happened in the 1926 General Strike when Reith argued that the BBC was the people's service and the government was the people's choice, so it followed that the BBC supported the government.

15. Voice Of The Listener And Viewer (VLV)- The Campaign For Public public service broadcasting. VLV campaigns for high quality radio and television programmes, and in particular for the principles of public service http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. Public Broadcasting - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB) is the Public service broadcasters generally transmit programming that aims to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service_broadcasting

Public broadcasting From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Public service broadcasting Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB ) is the dominant form of broadcasting around the world, where radio television , and potentially other electronic media outlets receive funding from the public . These funds can come directly from individuals through donations or fees , or indirectly as state subsidies that originated in taxes or other national funding sources. Some public broadcasters supplement this with contributions from corporations , which may be granted a limited amount of advertising time in return. However, when advertisements occur on public broadcasting outlets, they are usually much shorter and less attention-grabbing than on commercial broadcasting stations. Commercial broadcasting only occurs in a handful of large Western countries. One of the best known public broadcaster is the British Broadcasting Corporation , based in the United Kingdom , whose mission is to "inform, educate and entertain". In the United States, public broadcasting is more decentralized and is not government operated, but, rather, government supported. The majority of funding comes from community support to hundreds of public radio and public television stations, each of which is an individual entity licensed to one of several different non-profit organizations, municipal or state governments, or universities. These organizations often produce their own programs, but largely depend upon national producers and program distributors such as National Public Radio (NPR), Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), Public Radio International (PRI), and American Public Media. U.S. Government support is filtered through a separate organization, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB).

17. UNESCO WebWorld Communication And Information Public Service Toby Mendel public service broadcasting. A comparative Legal Survey . Kuala Lumpur UNESCO, Asia Pacific Institute for Broadcasting http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. Peak Oil & Gas - Global Public Media public service broadcasting For A Post Carbon World. advanced search Home Peak Oil Gas Intro Transcribe or Translate NonEnglish http://www.globalpublicmedia.com/

[Skip to: content search or navigation Global Public Media Public Service Broadcasting For A Post Carbon World advanced search Home Transcribe or Translate Non-English What's New Ritawatch 5: James Howard Kunstler Interviews , 24 September 2005 Energy Climate Change Dave Room speaks with James Howard Kunstler, author of 'The Long Emergency', about the wider impacts and the underlying causes of the Gulf hurricanes News Reports , 23 September 2005 Oil As expected Hurricane Rita has reduced to Category Four - still a hurricane of fantastic ferrocity. As part of our special Ritawatch series, Kéllia Ramares reports on some of the expected impacts of Rita and some of the less obvious but serious consequences, especially as it follows in the wake of Katrina. Ritawatch 3: Chris Skrebowski discusses the Hurricanes Interviews , 23 September 2005 Oil The second special report in Global Public Media's series on Hurricane Rita. Dave Room speaks to Chris Skrebowski, Editor of "Petroleum Review" Peak Oil and Japan's Food Dependence Articles , 22 September 2005 Oil Food Security US invest bank Morgan Stanley claims that Japan is far less vulnerable to high oil prices than Europe or America. Furthermore, problems in the West would act as 'tripwires' to trigger action on oil prices before Japan suffered any damage.

19. BBC NEWS Entertainment TV And Radio Q A Public Service Proposals for the future of public service broadcasting have been released by Ofcom. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. Ofcom Website | Ofcom Review Of Public Service Television Broadcasting - Phase 3 Welsh Executive Summary. Full print version. public service broadcasting Review presentation to stakeholders. public service broadcasting Review http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consult/condocs/psb3/

Access key - Accessibility Access key 2 - Jump to content Access key 7 - Jump to navigation Home ... Consultation Documents Ofcom review of public service television broadcasting - Phase 3 - Competition for quality Foreword Ofcom embarked on its first statutory review of public service broadcasting just over twelve months ago. We are charged by the Communications Act with assessing the effectiveness of the designated public service broadcasters (BBC, Channel 3, Channel 4, Five, S4C and Teletext), taken together, in delivering the public service purposes set out in the Act. We are also charged with reporting on how the quality of public service broadcasting can be maintained and strengthened in future. This, the third and last of our reports, draws together our findings and recommendations. Since we began our work, there have been significant management changes at the BBC and Channel 4, the BBC Charter review is now well underway, and the merger of Carlton and Granada has been completed. Digital take-up has grown from 48% to 56% of households, while 21% of households have broadband connections and TV subscription revenues have overtaken advertising revenues for the first time. The digital and broadband world will bring with it radical changes in the form and delivery of content, and the ways in which people choose to use the services available to them. Our aim has been to set out a new framework for public service broadcasting (PSB), designed for this future and sufficiently adaptable to respond to and reflect changing technologies, markets, and the needs of citizens and consumers.

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