141. TIMEasia.com | Cover: Rewriting Prehistory | 1/17/2000 A team of researchers concludes that Chinese, like everyone else, came out of Africa. http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/2000/0117/cover.chineseroots.html

TIME Asia Home Current Issue Asia News Pacific News ... JANUARY 17, 2000 VOL. 155 NO. 2 China Pictorial DNA research contradicts theories, based on the "Peking Man" fossil, that hold Chinese to be the earliest modern humans. Rewriting Prehistory A team of researchers concludes that Chinese, like everyone else, came out of Africa By ANTHONY SPAETH According to ancient tradition, the Chinese were savages until a sage came along and taught them how to construct shelters. Later wise men taught, in succession, the use of fire, music and the cultivation of crops. The last of these sages was the Yellow Emperor Huangdi, the father of Chinese civilization. That tale, from the first century B.C., suggests that the process of human evolution took place in Chinaa notion that was boosted by the celebrated discovery in 1921 of Peking Man, a Homo erectus fossil unearthed outside Beijing. That led to claims, believed for decades in China, that Chinese were the earliest modern humans. These days, the claims are getting a rough shaking from hard scienceas is the notion that the Chinese are a unique, indigenous race. The Chinese Human Genome Diversity Project, a collaboration among 12 researchers from seven institutions, scrutinized DNA samples from 28 of China's 56 ethnic groups and then compared the samples with genetic material from other Asian and non-Asian groups. Their verdict: Chineselike the rest of humanityevolved in Africa. They migrated eastward along the Indian Ocean and made their way to China via Southeast Asia. "It is now safe to conclude," reported the researchers, "that modern humans originating in Africa constitute the majority of the current gene pool in Asian populations."

142. Ancient Scotland An extensive pictorial guide to the prehistory of Scotland http://www.ancient-scotland.co.uk/

List of All Sites Find Sites ... Photographer Ancient Scotland Welcome to the Ancient Scotland pages - a personal photographic view of some of the ancient sites of Scotland. Use the links at the top of the page: to list all the ancient sites I have recorded; or to find sites on a clickable map of Scotland. All photographs, text and map drawings on the Ancient Scotland If you would like to be notified when the Ancient Scotland website is updated you can subscribe to our mailing list. Click here for subscription and unsubscription details. Martin McCarthy is a member of The Stone Circle Webring Click for the [ Next Page Skip It Next 5 Want to join The Stone Circle? Click here for info Site Map All photographs, text and map drawings on the Ancient Scotland Designed and maintained by Theasis

143. Bates College | Bruce Bourque Profile of this Bates College Senior Lecturer. Research includes the prehistory of Maine. http://www.bates.edu/faculty-bourque.xml

About Bates Academics Admissions Student Life ... News Release Archive Bruce Bourque tells the story of the first Mainers There's no shortage of wrong ideas about Maine's first inhabitants. But that's bound to change, thanks to a book recently published by Bruce Bourque, senior lecturer in anthropology at Bates. He is the primary author of "Twelve Thousand Years: American Indians in Maine" (University of Nebraska Press), a history of native Mainers from the earliest Paleo-Indians to the natives who greeted the European explorers. The book sums up Bourque's Maine research to date. In 1970 he began an archaeological project on Penobscot Bay's Fox Islands that has surveyed more than 200 sites so far and excavated 35. Bourque is also chief archaeologist and curator of ethnology at the Maine State Museum. "Twelve Thousand Years" challenges the image of pre-Colonial Indian history as static. Instead, Bourque says, it was complex and dynamic. Maine's first inhabitants were "human, and their communities ebbed and flowed in their numbers and shifted geographic relationships. And we haven't understood that until just recently." Bourque notes that his students are curious about native Mainers. "From them I get repeatedly, 'Why don't they teach us this stuff in school?' And I say, 'Because my book isn't out yet,' " he laughs. "But my book is now out, so hopefully that will begin to change."

144. Prehistory Section Ancient technology and human prehistory in ancient civilizations of China, Egypt, Greece, India, Latin America, Mesopotamia, Vikings and North America. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/

Prehistory Exhibits Ancient Technology Big Game Hunters China Egypt ... Vikings

145. Venus Of Willendorf Illustrated essay by Christopher Witcombe of Sweet Briar College on this famous figure and the history of its discovery, with bibliography. http://witcombe.sbc.edu/willendorf/willendorfdiscovery.html

Women in Prehistory The Venus of Willendorf Christopher L. C. E. Witcombe 1. DISCOVERY The most famous early image of a human, a woman, is the so-called "Venus" of Willendorf, found in 1908 by the archaeologist Josef Szombathy [see BIBLIOGRAPHY in an Aurignacian loess deposit in a terrace about 30 meters above the Danube near the town of Willendorf in Austria. The earliest notice of its discovery appeared in a report by the Yale anthropologist George Grant MacCurdy (1863-1947) who happened to be in Vienna in the summer of 1908. Although the greater part of the collection of finds from the site had not yet been unpacked, MacCurdy reported excitedly that before he left Vienna Szombathy had very kindly shown him a single remarkable specimen - a human figurine, full length, carved out of stone [see BIBLIOGRAPHY The statuette, which measures about 11.1 centimeters in length, is now in Vienna's Naturhistorisches Museum . It was carved from a fine porous oolitic limestone not found in the region and so must have been brought to the area from another location. It may well be the case that the carving, which was presumably done with flint tools, was not done locally. When first discovered the Venus of Willendorf was thought to date to approximately 15,000 to 10,000 BCE, or more or less to the same period as the cave paintings at

146. Faculty Profile: Karen D. Vitelli Brief profile of this Indiana University Professor. Research interests include Aegean prehistory and archaeological ethics. http://www.indiana.edu/~anthro/people/vitelli.html

Skip to content Skip to navigation Skip to search Karen D. Vitelli Professor of Anthropology Professor of Classical Archaeology on leave Email Office Hours BA Ancient Greek, College of Wooster, Ohio 1966 College Year in Athens, 1964-65 PhD Classical Archaeology, University of Pennsylvania 1974 American School of Classical Studies in Athens, 1968-69, 1970 Vice President for Professional Responsibilities, Archaeological Institute of America 1992-1994 Geographical Areas of Specialization: Topical Interests: Prehistoric pots and potters, Aegean prehistory, Archaeological ethics Current Courses: TBA Selected Publications Profile: I am interested in the ways that people learned to manipulate clay and how they developed ceramic processes, in the uses to which the craft has been put, and most of all, in what the remains of its creations can tell us about the people and the societies who made and used the objects. With my students, I make pots experimentally, using only tools, materials, and techniques that would have been available to prehistoric potters. We use our experiences and trials as a starting point for enquiry about prehistoric experience and motivation, using the potsherds as guides to human behavior. My approach to the subject of archaeological ceramics grew out of work with the massive Neolithic ceramic assemblage recovered from the IU Excavations at Franchthi Cave, in Southern Greece. The Franchthi project was a major innovator in both methodological and theoretical work in Aegean archaeology. In the field, we developed new techniques for precise excavation, recovery and recording of deep and complexly stratified deposits. One outcome of that was a more detailed analysis of ceramic context than previously possible. The results convinced me of the fundamental importance of archaeological context for all archaeological analyses.

147. Michael Graves Brief profile of this University of Hawaii Professor. Research interests include the prehistory of Polynesia, Micronesia, Insular Southeast Asia, and the American Southwest. http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/faculty/graves/graves.htm

University of Hawai'i at Manoa Department of Anthropology Site Map Home Page Archaeology Cultural Anthropology ... Nina Etkin Michael Graves Bion Griffin Terry Hunt Gregory Maskarinec Michael Pietrusewsky ... Heather Young Leslie Emeritus Faculty Ben Finney Alan Howard Takie Lebra Adjunct Faculty Jan Rensel Secretary: Elaine Nakahashi Student Services: Denise Wandasan Michael Graves Professor Background: I received my B.A. in Anthropology from the University of Washington (Seattle), and my Ph.D. in 1981 from the University of Arizona (Tucson). My specialization is in archaeology, specifically archaeological method and theory and the prehistory of Polynesia, Micronesia, Insular Southeast Asia, and the American Southwest. Throughout my career, my research has focused on 3 topics: the development and intensification of agriculture/subsistence; the evolution of social complexity and social organization, and stylistic analyses of architecture, rock art, and ceramics. I previously taught at the University of Guam (1981-86) and I have been with the University of Hawai'i at Manoa since 1986. I have previously edited the journals American Antiquity and Asian Perspectives: The Archaeological Journal for Asia and the Pacific.

148. Ancient Greek Civilizations Provides overview of Greek history including Minoan and Mycenian cultures, Homeric literature and myth. Read about the ancient cities Athens and Sparta. http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/aegean/index.shtml

History of Aegean Civilization The Minoans The Rise of the Mycenean The Myceneans Homer (The Odyssey and the Illiad are full length versions of Homer's Works.) The Odyssey The Illiad The Greek Dark Ages The Rise of Greece - (Transition from dark ages to the Archaic.) Cultures of the Aegean The Dorians The Ionians The Phoenicians The Amazons The Cities of Greece Athens Citizen and Slave Classes of Athens The Women of Athens Sparta The Culture of Sparta The Women of Sparta Aspects of Culture and People in Ancient Greece Medicine in Ancient Greece Herodotus Other Resources... Timelines of Greek History Maps Works Cited About this Exhibit ... Jennifer Taylor (c) 1998 all rights reserved. Please Note: Works can be cited by listing the URL of this site for academic and student use.

149. Anthropology Faculty Detailed profile of this University of Southern Mississippi Professor. Research interests include human ecology, and zooarchaeology and the prehistory of the southeastern United States. http://www-dept.usm.edu/~antsoc/anthro/jackson.html

The Anthropology Program at The University of Southern Mississippi Ed Jackson Professor of Anthropology (Ph.D. University of Michigan, 1986) Dissertation Sedentism and Hunter-Gatherer Adaptations in the Lower Mississippi Valley: Subsistence Strategies during the Poverty Point Period . Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. (1986) Research Interests Prehistory of the Southeastern United States . My research and teaching area of specialization is the prehistory of the southeastern United States, particularly in subsistence practices, ritual integration, and political and economic organization of middle range societies ranging from the Middle Archaic to Mississippian Period. I am particularly interested in exploring how prehistoric animal use reflects economic as well as social organization in these societies. Extensive local fieldwork in collaboration with my graduate students has produced significant advances in our understanding of the prehistory of southeast Mississippi. In addition to my own research efforts and teaching responsibilities, I am editor for the Mississippi Archaeological Association, publisher of Mississippi Archaeology.

150. Archaeology & Buildings : Research & Conservation : English Heritage Works with others to improve understanding of England’s historic environment, from prehistory to presentday. Includes an overview of historic buildings and landscapes, current projects, programs and publications. http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.1134

Skip to content Site Map Learn More About Us Accessibility Search for Advanced Search Conservation Grants Heritage Protection ... Research Strategy Archaeology is the study of past societies and individuals through the physical remains they have left us. Architectural history is about understanding buildings and their surroundings in their wider cultural, historical and social context. We work in partnership with others, using a spectrum of techniques, to improve the understanding of the historic environment, from prehistory to present-day. Maritime Archaeology The role of the English Heritage Maritime Team. Landscape Detectives Research by the Landscape Investigation Team. English Heritage seeks to support and develop better standards and guidance for archaeology. English Heritage’s research into the historic built environment. Promoting Characterisation Characterisation helps to manage change in the historic environment by tracing the imprint of history. Scientific Techniques There are many scientific techniques that can be applied both before and after excavation. Aerial Survey Interpretation, mapping and analysis of aerial photographs and related sources.

151. Malta - Archaeology And Prehistory Chronology of Maltese prehistory, with pictures of its Megalithic temples, part of the Malta Field Trip site by the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. http://users.aber.ac.uk/jpg/malta/arch.html

Archaeology and Prehistory. Malta has always stood at the crossroads of the Mediterranean. People crossing from north to south, or from east to west, have all left a trace on the island. The most startling of these traces is to be found in the great Neolithic Temples which on Malta and Gozo. These were built 1000 years before the Pyramids, and are the oldest stone buildings in the world. I hope that you are impressed! The construction of these buildings demonstrate a mastery of quarrying, stone working, building and engraving techniques and must be the work of a mature, confident culture. Like stone circles in the British Isles some appear to be concerned with the passage of the seasons as indicated by the position of the Sun. Mnjandra Neolithic Temple. To the geographer these structures are important because they indicate the presence of a very early (perhaps the earliest) civilization. We must ask the questions How did these people live? What was their impact on the environment? How has the islands environment changed and why?

152. Faculty - Dept. Of Anthropology - College Of Liberal Arts & Sciences - The Unive Brief profile for this University of Iowa professor. Research interests include the prehistory of Iowa and Minnesota, zooarchaeology, feminist archaeology, postprocessual archaeology, and paleoecology. http://www.uiowa.edu/~anthro/facpages/whelan.htm

Faculty Members Mary K. Whelan mary-whelan@uiowa.edu Research Interests: I have been a faculty member in Anthropology at the University of Iowa since 1987, but I have also been active in the American Indian and Native Studies Program, which I chaired from 1996-1998. I also work closely with the Museum Studies Program, the interdisciplinary Quaternary Research Group, and the Feminist Anthropology Program. Geographically, my research has concentrated on Midwestern archaeology, particularly the prehistory of Iowa and Minnesota. Topically, I am very interested in zooarchaeology, feminist archaeology, post-processual archaeology, and paleoecology. Related Links: www.uiowa.edu/~osa www.nativenations.com www.uiowa.edu/~ainsp Feminist Anthroplogy program http://www.uiowa.edu/~anthro/femanth/index.html Selected Publications 1994. Beyond Hearth and Home on the Range: Feminist Approaches to Plains Archaeology. IN Post-Processual Archaeology on the Plains , Philip Duke, editor. University of Alabama Press. 1993. Dakota Indian Economics and the 19th Century Fur Trade. Ethnohistory 1992. The Prehistoric Occupation of Northern Minnesota Peatlands: the Archaeological and Ethnohistoric Evidence. pp. 239-249 IN

153. Ancient Egyptian Culture Architecture, art, hieroglyphs, military, maps, and daily life. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/index.shtml

The Ancient Egyptian Culture Exhibit Daily Life Art Military Architecture ... Links

154. Staff Sheffield University provides a photograph, brief biography and research interests of its Professor of Archaeology, specialist in the prehistory of the Aegean and Roman Britain. http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/academic/A-C/ap/staff/branigan.html

@import url(/sheffield/road/Classic/article/0/shared/css/general.css); Home About Departments Contact ... Log into MUSE Search Staff The whole web site for Archaeology You are here: Home Departments Archaeology Staff ... Contact Us Professor Keith Branigan Telephone: 0114 222 2910 E-mail: None available at this time Professor Keith Branigan, BA, PhD, FSA was appointed to the first Chair of Archaeology at Sheffield in 1976. He has researched and published extensively on the prehistory of the Aegean and on Roman Britain. His special interests are in funerary behaviour, early metallurgy and the relationships between town and country. Principal Field Projects Latimer (Bucks) Romano-British villa excavation 1964-71 (Definitive monograph publication 1971) Gatcombe (Avon) Romano-British villa/settlement survey and excavation 1967-1976 (Definitive monograph publication 1977) Ayiofarango (Crete) Multi-period intensive survey 1971-72 (Definitive publications 1975,1977) Ayia Kyriaki (Crete) Early Bronze Age cemetery excavation 1972 (Definitive publication 1982) Barra and Vatersay (Outer Hebrides) Multi-period survey and excavation 1988 - 2000 (Definitive monograph publication 1995, 2000, third volume in prep)

155. University Of Chicago: Department Of Anthropology: Faculty And Staff Brief profile of this University of Chicago Assistant Professor. Research interests include prehistory and early history of southwest Asia. http://anthropology.uchicago.edu/faculty/faculty_kouchoukos.shtml

Nicholas T. Kouchoukos (PhD Yale 1998) Assistant Professor of Anthropology and of Social Sciences in the College studies the later prehistory and early history of southwest Asia and the industrial archaeology of the southeastern United States with interests in material culture, urbanism, historical ecology, and the construction of space. Related research focuses on power and geographic knowledge through comparative study of systems of spatial representation, notably GIS, and on remote sensing methods in archaeology and arid-region ecology. email: nkouchou@uchicago.edu Curriculum Vitae (PDF) Publications: Landscape and Social Change in Late Prehistoric Mesopotamia. PhD dissertation, Yale University. 1998 Monitoring the distribution, use and regeneration of natural resources in semi-arid southwest Asia. In J. Albert, M. Bernhardsson, and R. Kenna, Transformations of Middle Eastern Natural Environments. New Haven: Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. (w/R. Smith et al.). 2001 Satellite images and the representation of Near Eastern landscapes.

156. Southeast Region Ouline Of Prehistory And History. Native American history and archaeological information from the Southeast Archaeological Center, National Park Service. http://www.cr.nps.gov/seac/outline/index.htm

Natural Setting , or choose another category to the left that sounds interesting. Site Index provides a detailed list of all the headings. The information in this outline was adapted from Regionwide Archeological Survey Plan, Southeast Field Area, National Park Service , by Bennie C. Keel, John E. Cornelison, Jr., and David M. Brewer. Southeast Archeological Center, National Park Service, Tallahassee, Florida, 1996. Southeast Chronicles New! SEAC Publications

157. Systematics In Prehistory Ebook Robert C. Dunnell questions the validity of the concepts and assumptions of scientific classification of prehistoric societies based upon artifacts. A hypertext companion to the book with the same title that features chapter summaries and a glossary. http://darwin.anth.csulb.edu/rcd/book/

158. Toltec Essay overviewing the Toltec, with images and links. http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/latinamerica/meso/cultures/toltec.html

The Rise of an Empire The Toltec Empire appeared in the Central Mexico area in the 10th century AD, when they established their central city of Tula Little is known directly about the Toltecs because the Aztecs plundered the Tula ruins for building materials for their nearby capital, destroying most of the historical evidence that remained. Much of what we know about the Toltecs comes from legends carried on about them by later cultures. The Toltec Empire was the first of the extreme militaristic cultures in the region that used their might to dominate their neighbors, a trend associated with the later cultures in the region, especially the Aztecs. Eventually the empire spread across most of Mexico, Guatemala, and as far south as the Yucatan, as they conquered lands previously controlled by the Mayans. Art and Entertainment The Toltec Empire and leaders created an unmatched mystique in the minds of the Central American people. The Toltec leaders were thought of as being alongside deities. Later cultures often revered them and copied their legends, art, buildings and religion. Many future rulers of other cultures, including Mayan leaders and Aztec emperors, claimed to be descended from the Toltecs. The Toltecs sported the familiar ball game played by many central American cultures and may have sacrificed of the losers. Toltecs are known for their somewhat rougher form of architecture, a form that would later inspire the Aztec builders. Toltec art is characterized by walls covered with snakes and skulls, images of a reclining Chak-mool (red jaguar), and the colossal statues of the Atlantes, men carved from great columns.

159. University Of Arkansas Anthropology: Faculty - Allen P. McCartney Detailed profile of this University of Arkansas Professor. Research has focused on bowhead whale utilization by prehistoric Eskimos, metal and other exotic material trade in the Arctic, maritime adaptations, and Alaskan prehistory. http://www.uark.edu/depts/anthinfo/mccartney.htm

image1=new Image(110,120) image1.src="graphics/rocklogo-txt.gif" University of Arkansas Department of Anthropology Main Menu Home Undergraduate Studies Graduate ... Events Faculty Full-time Part-time Professor Emeritus Allen P. McCartney Professor McCartney is an Arkansas native; he received his BA degree in 1962 from the University of Arkansas. He earned his MA (1967) and Ph.D. (1971) degrees from the University of Wisconsin, where he specialized in northern archaeology. He began conducting archaeological fieldwork in Alaska in 1962, and has primarily worked in the Aleutian Islands and northwestern coastal Alaska. He conducted his dissertation research in the northwestern Hudson Bay coastal region at Thule Eskimo sites in 1968-1969, and has had an active interest in Canadian Arctic Thule culture since then. For the past 25 years, Dr. McCartney's research has focused on bowhead whale utilization by prehistoric Eskimos, metal and other exotic material trade in the Arctic, maritime adaptations, and Alaskan prehistory (see Traditional Whaling in the Western Arctic ). He served on the Board of Governors of the Arctic Institute of North America (1977-1979), served as Editor of the journal

160. Centre De Préhistoire De Pech Merle (46330 Cabrerets, France) Illustrated descriptions of the wall paintings in this network of caves in France. English and French http://www.quercy.net/pechmerle/

Centre de Préhistoire de Pech Merle 46330 Cabrerets (Lot, France) Introduction Visite de la grotte Musée Conditions d'accès ... Museum (in french) Access conditions Painted caves in the Lot-Célé area (in french) Scientific news visiteurs depuis le 26 avril 1999 Site réalisé par l'association Quercy.net en collaboration avec la commune de Cabrerets D'après les travaux de Michel Lorblanchet, directeur de recherche au CNRS Crédits photos et illustrations : R. Delon / Castelet (92100 Boulogne) et Michel Lorblanchet Liens Préhistoire quercinoise Le site internet Pech Merle est référencé par Centre International de recherche scientifique Links © Commune de Cabrerets et Quercy.net, 1999 - 2004 Le Quercy sur le Net

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