81. International Catholic University 41.9 All issues regarding the reproductive finality whether to have children In general reproductive centers aim for two pregnancies and recommend fetal http://home.comcast.net/~icuweb/c04109.htm

International Catholic University Medical Ethics Assisted Reproductive Technologies The growth of modern science in the understanding of human reproduction and the simultaneous growth of modern technology have had significant impact in the field of human reproduction. This combination of knowledge and technology has expanded the power of human beings over the accomplishment of reproduction. Knowledge and technology are human goods insofar as they are directive of and used for human flourishing. The accomplishment of reproduction is a human good if it contributes to true human flourishing in morally acceptable ways. The focus of this lecture will be on assisted sexual reproduction, that is, reproduction accomplished by the union of the egg and the sperm through technological means to assist in their union. Human reproduction by way of asexual means, cloning, is a topic treated separately in these lectures. The practices common in the contemporary culture to accomplish the reproductive finality outside of sexual intercourse are generally grouped together under the title "ART" for Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Included among these are artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, gamete intrafallopian transfer, zygote intrafallopian transfer, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, embryo micromanipulation, embryo hatching, and surrogacy. Because of the speed of the growth of the assisted reproductive technology industry and because of the deliberate cultural ambiguity in regard to abortion, these industries are among the most unregulated in the world. This lack of regulation in a quasi-medical process aimed at the production of children is startling when compared to the difficult and burdensome regulatory procedures in place for the adoption of children.

82. Safer Student And it is not just about preventing unplanned pregnancies, she adds. If you have any burning issues that you would like to discuss on a one to one http://www.saferstudent.org.uk/Caledonia Youth.html

Caledonia Youth Caledonia Youth, the sexual health service aimed exclusively at young people, strives to bring these issues out into the open, while exploring the happier elements of enjoying a healthy sex life. As CY's Hawys Kilday says: "It's quite simply the smart option to take precautions and ensure you don't end up turning a time of pleasure into a nightmare scenario. We know through experience just how important it is to provide a tailor-made service for young adults and teenagers that can be easily and confidentially accessed. "And it is not just about preventing unplanned pregnancies," she adds. "Scotland continues to have a high prevalence of infections such as Chlamydia, which if left untreated can cause severe pain, uncomfortable sex and infertility for both males and females. So prevention tops our agenda, as we want people to be prepared and not be forced to take risks." Time really does make a huge difference when it comes to advice. Longer consultations are often necessary to give people time to express any concerns and hear an informed response.

83. Overpopulation -- A Scientific Consensus, Brainfood ex cathedrastyle discussion of population issues related to development, The timing and spacing of pregnancies are important for the health of the http://www.buddycom.com/ecol/Brainfood/sciconsens.html

Whatta Hero! Brain Food Home World Population: A Joint Statement by 58 of the World's Scientific Academies The growing world population The world is in the midst of an unprecedented expansion of human numbers. It took hundreds of thousands of years for our species to reach a population level of 10 million, only 10,000 years ago. This number grew to 100 million people about 2,000 years ago and to 2.5 billion by 1950. Within less than the span of a single lifetime, it has more than doubled to 5.5 billion in 1993. This accelerated population growth resulted from rapidly lowered death rates (particularly infant and child mortality rates), combined with sustained high birth rates. Success in reducing death rates is attributable to several factors: increases in food production and distribution, improvements in public health (water and sanitation) and in medical technology (vaccines and antibiotics), along with gains in education and standards of living within many developing nations. Over the last 30 years, many regions of the world have also dramatically reduced birth rates. Some have already achieved family sizes small enough, if maintained, to result eventually in a halt to population growth. These successes have led to a slowing of the world's rate of population increase. The shift from high to low death and birth rates has been called the "demographic transition."

84. NSW Health Legal Branch if the woman were to become pregnant from such coitus, (d) infertile couples should be assisted in fulfilling their desire to have children. http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/csd/llsb/art/artpart3.html

Home A-Z HealthTopics Consumer Info Health Professionals ... Health Services Discussion Paper PART III: ELIGIBILITY FOR ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES [3.1] Introduction The question of whether ART should be treated merely as a medical treatment for infertility raises issues regarding access to that treatment. Should infertility be the only criteria to which a medical practitioner has regard when determining whether a person should be provided with ART treatment, or is it incumbent upon the medical practitioner (or the State) to have some regard to other factors which may be of importance to the child born as a result of the treatment? Is ART to be available to persons who are not infertile but cannot, or do not wish to, for a variety of reasons, engage in coitus? The LRC recommended that before commencing a procedure of IVF, a medical practitioner should give due consideration to the following matters: (i) whether the woman is a member of a couple who are infertile, or whose children are likely to be affected by a genetic abnormality or disease; (ii) the welfare and interest of any child born as a result of the IVF procedure;

85. Blackwell Synergy - Cookie Absent Abstract Background The largest cytogenetic survey involving infertile men was undertaken to Of 17 pregnancies, 13 (76.5%) were achieved naturally. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2001.00242.x

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