81. PostScript - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Many applications can transform a document into a postscript program whose When the postscript program is interpreted, the interpreter converts these http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScript

PostScript From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. See also Postscript PostScript PS ) is a page description language used primarily in the electronic and desktop publishing areas. Contents History Usage in printing Traditional printing PostScript printing ... edit History The concepts of the PostScript language were seeded in when John Warnock was working at Evans and Sutherland , a famous computer graphics company. At that time John Gaffney was developing an interpreter for a large three-dimensional graphics database of New York harbour. Gaffney conceived the Design System language to process the graphics, very similar to the Forth programming language In Evans and Sutherland asked Warnock to move from the San Francisco bay area to their main headquarters in Utah , but he was not interested in moving. He then joined Xerox PARC to work with Martin Newell . They rewrote Design System to create JaM (John and Martin) which was used for VLSI design and the investigation of type and graphics printing. This work later evolved into an expanded system known as InterPress After watching Xerox sit on InterPress, as they had with many of their other technologies, Warnock left with

82. PostScript: The Language Adobe s green book postscript Language Program Design (by Glenn C. Reid, 1988) in PDF format. Many links, essays and sample postscript programs. http://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~luc/PSgeneral.html

PostScript: the language Last update: Sat Sep 24 20:15:27 EDT 2005 School of Computer Science McGill University Montreal, Canada H3A 2K6 luc@cs.mcgill.ca http://jeff.cs.mcgill.ca/~luc/index.html http://jeff.cs.mcgill.ca/~luc/fonts.html A first guide to postscript Guide by Peter Weingartner. Spanish mirror A First Guide to PostScript By P.J. Weingartner (University of Indiana): a nice ten-chapter primer. A First Guide to PostScript (mirror) A manual for mathematical PostScript Fantastic collection of code and tutorials by a mathematician (Bill Casselman) for mathematicians. A must visit! From the press release by Peter Szabo, its developer: "a2ping is a UNIX command line utility written in Perl that converts many raster image and vector graphics formats to EPS or PDF and other page description formats. Accepted input file formats are: PS (PostScript), EPS, PDF, PNG, JPEG, TIFF, PNM, BMP, GIF, LBM, XPM, PCX, TGA. Accepted output formats are: EPS, PCL5, PDF, PDF1, PBM, PGM, PPM, PS, markedEPS, markedPS, PNG, XWD, BMP, TIFF, JPEG, GIF, XPM. a2ping delegates the low-level work to Ghostscript (GS), pdftops and sam2p. a2ping fixes many glitches during the EPS to EPS conversion, so its output is often more compatible and better embeddable than its input." Adobe resources via FTP Adobe resources web page Adobe's Red Book (PostScript Language Reference) Adobe's new Red Book "PostScript Language Reference Book" (1999) supersedes all the material about LanguageLevel 3 in the 3010 Supplement. Hardcopy book published by Addison-Wesley. See also

83. References And Standards The postscript Language Program Design is the companion to the postscript Language Tutorial and Cookbook, and has more complex examples of postscript http://www.lprng.com/LPRng-Reference-Multipart/x291.htm

LPRng Reference Manual: 24 Sep 2004 (For LPRng-3.8.28) Prev Chapter 1. Introduction Next 1.10. References and Standards The following references and standards have been used in the development of the LPRng software. 1.10.1. RFCs During the early development of the Internet developers did not want to go through the laborious process of developing formal standards and applying to a standards body such as the EIA, IEEE, or ISO. Instead, they called the standards documents they developed [ Requests for Comments ]. These soon became de facto standards, and with the formal acceptance of the TCP/IP protocol as a network standard, de jure as well. You can get copies of the RFCs from literally hundreds of network sites, including http://www.isi.edu http://www.faqs.org/rfcs NIS.NSF.NET RFC.JVNC.NET , or FTP.ISI.EDU The [ RFC1179 - Line Printer Daemon Protocol ] describes the protocol used to transfer jobs from client program to print server. See for more a discussion of this protocol and more details about the RFC. The

84. PostScript Books: PostScript Language Program Design, Thinking In PostScript Glenn Reid s book, generously made available in PDF format. http://www.rightbrain.com/pages/books.html

Books Glenn Reid, principal and founder of RightBrain Software, has written and published two books with Addison-Wesley, both on the PostScript Language. PostScript Language Program Design, 1987 The first of these books, PostScript Language Program Design , is Adobe's "green book", and is still in print after 16 years (and in fact has not even been revised in that time!). It's available at technical book stores everywhere. It's a pretty hard-core book for those with serious PostScript programming to do. Thinking in PostScript, 1990 The second book, Thinking in PostScript , did not have the power of Adobe's marketing behind it, and has been out of print since the first printing but is a valuable book nonetheless. It takes a completely different angle from all other PostScript books. The book is a result of Glenn Reid's years trying to teach people to write PostScript programs, during which he discovered that people tended to try to make PostScript "look like" other programming languages they already knew. There is even a chapter in this book entitled "PostScript Is Not Like C", because it is really a very different language, and one must learn to "think" in PostScript in order to be a good programmer. We're proud to offer the full text of the Thinking in PostScript book on-line as an Adobe Acrobat (pdf) file. At some point we make it available as HTML as well, but need to upgrade FrameMaker first.

85. PostScript Files The following are examples of postscript programs. They are all less then 12k, most less than than 5k, and are my explorations into postscript and its http://www.peak.org/~jeremy/ps/

PostScript The following are examples of PostScript programs. They are all less then 12k, most less than than 5k, and are my explorations into PostScript and its usefulness. Clicking on the graphic below will generate a jpeg image in your browser; click on the text below the graphic to download the postscript. Open with Adobe Acrobat (or GhostScript - see technical notes below). Fredrick The Groovy Hollster Some impossible scaffolding Lissajous figures hsb color chart ... An elevation map of Clem's Sultry Ultra a 50 km hilly ultramarathon race, and the 15k cross country race, held on Sunday 5th May 1996. And here's them both superimposed . For subsequent races check out Clem's Ultra pages. The following are movies , or PostScript code running in loops to animate the graphics. If you view brick.ps with pageview, a PostScript printer, or some such, you'll see a brick. If you use GhostScript, you'll see how it got there. A flying brick The sun rises and sets over an impossible megalith and casts a shadow Illumination source moves around a sphere I managed to get a calendar algorithm to work, and so here are a bunch of calendar applications:

86. 15-462 Postscript Tutorial Here s a minimal postscript program to draw a line segment postscript program to draw some curves text % comments in postscript proceed from % to http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/academic/class/15462/web.97f/assts/ps.html

Brief Postscript tutorial for 15-462 This is a tutorial written to help with the homework 2 problem that involves Bezier curves in Postscript. What you need to know about Postscript for the assignment Postscript is a stack-based language. That is, instead of saying "1+2" as in C or "(+ 1 2)" as in lisp, you say "1 2 add" you push 1 and 2 on the stack, the "add" operator pops two items off the stack, adds them, and pushes their sum on the stack. That's why Postscript looks backwards: operands always come before operators. You probably won't need to use Postscript's arithmetic, conditionals, looping, or procedures for this assignment, however. Your "programs" can be straight line code. (If you find that you want to see more, there are more complete tutorials available). Here's a minimal Postscript program to draw a line segment %! 144 72 moveto 288 216 lineto stroke showpage On UNIX, run the program "gs" (ghostscript) and cut and paste the above into its standard input. Try it now! It should create a window and draw a line (if you get an error message "Cannot open X display" then try running "setenv DISPLAY :0" and try again). Note: don't paste into the window that pops up, but the window in which you typed the "gs" command. Postscript's units are points (72nds of an inch), which explains the funny large numbers in the code above. If we call (0,0) the lower left of the page and (8.5,11) the upper right, the above will draw a thin line segment from (2,1) to (4,3). Or send it into the standard input of the UNIX printer spooler "lpr" and it should print this on paper to the default printer (whatever your shell variable $PRINTER is set to).

87. POSTSCRIPT: A Page Description Language (PDL) Instead of sending raw text to the printer, a postscript program is created Most people don t want to create postscript programs, so software vendors http://www.smalltalkconsulting.com/papers/otherOlderPapers/postscriptArticle.htm

Oct 6th 1999. POSTSCRIPT: A Page Description Language By John M McIntosh What's all this fuss about POSTSCRIPT, and why does XXXX recommend purchasing those expensive POSTSCRIPT printers? Lets take a look. First a quick overview, then with a more detailed description. History. wars of 1986/87 to become the graphics standard on most, if not all laser printers. What is a PDL? Originally printers viewed text as text, and graphics as graphics. A page was created from a conglomeration of separate entities. You supplied raw text like, the word Hello , combined with Escape codes and possibly embedded graphic pictures, to create page images. Of course you could choose just to send raw text to a printer and usually expect to get some sort of printed output. On the other hand, a Page Description Language defines a true computer programming language which is specifically designed to create and modify both text and graphic images, with full equality on a page at any resolution and in any color or density! Instead of sending

88. PostScript FAQ - Wikibooks In fact this will check correctness of the postscript program only on the postscript program can produce unexpected output without reporting any http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/PostScript_FAQ

PostScript FAQ From Wikibooks This FAQ covers PostScript language and Ghostscript software suite, as the most common free PostScript interpreter. Contents General PostScript resources How to report a PostScript error? Who can help me? ... edit General The best way to learn any language is to use it. Pick an interesting problem (for instance quine ) and try to code it in the new language. Download Ghostscript to test your work. edit PostScript resources There are several texts and resources on PostScript available free online. Some of these are. Blue Book (PDF 0.9M), PostScript Language Tutorial and Cookbook, Adobe Systems, Addison-Wesley 1985, ISBN 0201101793 is the best introduction to PostScript language. PostScript operators are introduced in easy and well-paced way. Sample programs are easy to read and print beautiful pictures. The book describes only a fraction of level 1 PostScript. By itself it is not sufficient for professional work. Green Book , (PDF 0.9M) PostScript Language Program Design, Adobe Systems, Addison-Wesley, 1988; ISBN 0201143968 ; shows how to use PostScript in real world situations. Among ather things, it explains how to re-encode the font. This question is asked almost every month on comp.lang.postscript. Although the book is based on level 1 PostScript, the good programming practices have not changed so much as the language itself.

89. PostScript Handling As such a postscript file is a program which must be run in order to produce a In its rawest form a postscript program may have full access to the local http://www.websupergoo.com/helpig5/source/2-basic/5-advanced/postscript.htm

top.pageid = "2-basic/5-advanced/postscript.htm"; PostScript Handling Introduction ImageGlue is PostScript compatible which means that it can be used to render PostScript and related file formats such as EPSF (Encapsulated PostScript) and PDF (Portable Document Format). You must install Ghostscript (available from the WebSupergoo download page) to enable PostScript rendering. PostScript related formats are unusual in that they contain a set of drawing instructions rather than an array of colored pixels. These drawing instructions are often highly specific describing actual amounts of ink to be placed by a particular type of printer onto a particular type of paper. These factors mean that rendering this type of format for display on a computer monitor may require that you use Image Manipulation parameters like Res and ColorSpace. ImageGlue handles raw PostScript which conforms to the PostScript Language Document Structuring Conventions Specification (see Adobe Technical Note #5001 for details). This is necessary because PostScript which does not conform to this standard lacks important information such as image size and PostScript version identifiers. Server Load PostScript rendering is a computationally expensive task. A typical EPSF or PDF will take some seconds to render and it is not uncommon to find complex images that will take some minutes to process. You can specify a Timeout when you render a PostScript related file and if the amount of time taken exceeds the timeout then ImageGlue will abandon the process.

90. Lf43, SoftwareDevelopment: The PostScript Language Hence we can call the content of this file a postscript program. The entire content of this Now let us write a postscript program to draw a rectangle. http://www.linuxfocus.org/English/May1998/article43.html

News Archives Map by Emre Demiralp Content Introduction How do we use PostScript for drawing figures? Writing facilities in PostScript Painting and color usage in PostScript The PostScript Language Abstract This is the first of a series of articles about PostScript. Stock the chaff, the day will come to use it. -Turkish Proverb-. Introduction The main purpose here is not to teach each detail of this software but to give sufficient material for the persons who find PostScript an interesting and enjoyable programming language for document preparation. Although we do not intend to write a technical paper or a textbook or a bible on this topic we are going to try to present necessary and sufficient information for PostScript. The PostScript commands are executed through certain interpreters. Amongst these, a well-known software is freely available on the public domain of Internet. This is named "ghostscript" by Aladdin Enterprise. There is also a useful graphical interface, "ghostview", released by the same organization. GNU project has also its own versions for ghostscript. These are available in every Linux platform and all main Linux distributions contain them in standard installations. Here we deal with ghostscript and its certain specific structures and properties although the sample programs can be executed through other interpreters. Assume that we activate the X Window server and open an xterm window. If we want to use ghostscript then each command or command groups will be given at the command prompt which will be appeared after issuing the command

91. RoPS FAQ — Frequently Asked Questions Redmon works by redirecting postscript data to a program s standard input. You can use RoPS with redmon by setting up the RPT1 port to redirect to rops.exe http://www.rops.org/faq.html

RoPS FAQ — Frequently Asked Questions What is RoPS ? How do you pronounce RoPS ? Where can I get the latest version of RoPS ? What if I don't want to use my credit card online ? ... Where can I get some fonts ? What is RoPS ? The RoPS interpreter is an Microsoft Windows implementation of the PostScript programming language interpreter described in Adobe Systems' book, the 'PostScript language reference manual'. RoPS is not an Adobe approved product. The name 'PostScript' is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. single user license here How do you pronounce RoPS ? With a soft 'o' - like the first syllable of 'opposite' - ropps. The word RoPS is an acronym for 'Roger's PostScript.' Where can I get the latest version of RoPS ? The latest version is RoPS Version 6.5 . Version 6.5 contains enhancements for PostScript level 2. For further details of what's changed, see the associated README.TXT file. You can also download a time-limited evaluation version The previous release was version 5.3

92. Inside PostScript We ll go inside a postscript program to see how new functions can be The computer you send the postscript program to doesn t even have to be a Commodore http://web.mit.edu/randy/www/antigrav/inside.html

Last month's article discussed how to connect to a laser printer with a modem. This month I'll show you how to save geoLaser output as a PostScript program. We'll go inside a PostScript program to see how new functions can be accomplished - features not now available from GEOS. Snarfing a PostScript File First, an update. Berkeley Softworks has released geoPublaser, a laser printer application for use with geoPublish. It includes some nice functions such as bitmap smoothing, a reduction and enlargement feature, multiple copies, and can produce "thumbnails" - miniatures of each page of your document on one page. In most other respects, it looks and operates just like geoLaser, except the screen is blanked when operating at 1200 bps. To get started, we'll need two computers; one must be a C= 64 or C= 128. Both computers will have to be equipped with 1200 bps modems. If both computers are in the same room, you can use a "null modem" cable. This is simply a cable that connects between the user ports of the two computers and simulates a modem connection. For software, in addition to GEOS, we'll need geoLaser, geoPubLaser, or the LaserWriter printer driver; a geoWrite, geoPaint, or geoPublish document; and your favorite telecommunications software. I highly recommend the public domain CBTERM. After using it for several years, I've found it to be more reliable than most other terminal programs, including many commercial ones. Get the terminal software running on the two computers. Use the following settings: Baud Rate = 1200, Data Bits = 8, Parity = none, Handshake = none, Echo = off. Depending on your circumstances, you might have two computers in the same room connected with a null modem cable, or you might ring up a friend who also has a computer and modem. The computer you send the PostScript program to doesn't even have to be a Commodore. Almost any computer with decent terminal software will do the trick.

93. Production Of Dynamics Lecture Notes postscript Programs. Yes, believe it or not, it is possible to learn the postscript language and program directly in that language. http://www.math.okstate.edu/mathdept/dynamics/production.html

Production of Dynamics Lecture Notes The LaTeX source The lecture notes for Introduction to Dynamical Systems and Fractals were written as a LaTeX2e document. Please refer to Lamport's LaTeX Manual and The LaTeX Companion by Goosens et al. for details on how to prepare a LaTeX document. The source for the document consisted of a master file lecnotes.tex and an individual file for each chapter, e.g. IFS.tex for the chapter on Iterated Function Systems. In addition, there are many (almost 100) figures, which are generally external PostScript files which were created in several ways. The LaTeX source is not being made available for distribution at this time. However, the Web version of the book is available as a gzipped tar file: dynamics.tar.gz Archive file of lecture notes. The LaTeX source was converted to a Web document by means of Nikos Drakos' fantastic PERL script . The basic reference for this program is: LaTeX2html home page To allow HTML links in the LaTeX document, one needs to load the html.sty

94. 7.11. POSTSCRIPT In most applications, a postscript program (or postscript file) is created Coordinates in a postscript program are automatically transformed from user http://www.cs.uregina.ca/Dept/manuals/Manuals/7Language/7_11Postscript/7_11PostS

7.11. POSTSCRIPT 7.11.1 INTRODUCTION TO POSTSCRIPT The PostScript page description language is useful for representing the printed page in a device independent manner. It is the language that the majority of the laser printers in the Department of Computer Science understand. It is also used by some of the new window managers as their graphical language. Some features of the PostScript language are: - PostScript is particularly suited to describe graphical information - about 1/3 of PostScript is devoted to graphics the remainder is a general purpose programming language which closely resembles FORTH and other stack-oriented languages - it is often called a "page generation language" - it is interpreted 7.11.2 VIEWING POSTSCRIPT FILES PostScript files can be viewed by either using some kind of viewing program or by sending them to a PostScript printer. To view a PostScript file on the workstation monitor, use the GhostScript program. To print your file, use the lpr command. 7.11.2.1 USING GHOSTSCRIPT GhostScript is a PostScript interpreter that runs on many different computers under a variety of different environments. It can be used as a stand alone program or as a front/back end for other programs such as

95. Subject 1 General Questions Subject 1.1 What Is PostScript A number of programmers write postscript programs directly for a variety of However, postscript programs are usually documents meant to be printed that http://www.ira.cnr.it/manuals/Postscrip/chapter1

Subject: 1 General Questions Subject: 1.1 What is PostScript? PostScript is a page description programming language. It is perhaps the most versatile and loved language for printers, being used in printers world-wide. It is capable of drawing to computer screens and any kind of drawing device. PostScript is interpreted, stack based and has latent typing. It somewhat resembles the computer language FORTH. A number of programmers write PostScript programs directly for a variety of drawing applications. However, PostScript programs are usually documents meant to be printed that have been generated by a program written in some compiled language. Subject: 1.2 How can I tell how many pages my document will have? The easiest way to count pages is view your document on-line with a PostScript previewer. Some previewers like Ghostview and GSPreview count the pages for you. (See Section 12, ``PostScript Interpreters and Utilities''.) If your document is generated by a program compliant with the Document Structuring Conventions, you should be able to just count the number of ``%%Page:'' comments imbedded in the document. With UNIX you can type grep -c %%Page: document.ps to do this counting. (See Section 9, ``Encapsulated PostScript''.) The only completely reliable way to count pages is to ask the printer after the job is printed. PostScript printers maintain a page counter that can be queried before and and after the job is printed, and the page count is a simple subtraction. This tends to require rather sophisticated spooling systems and a communications channel that is bidirectional. However, some printers allow you to submit jobs on one port, and issue queries on another. Send this PostScript through a bidirectional I/O port and you'll get back the page count, nominally the total number of pages printed since manufacture: statusdict begin pagecount == end flush Experts using a level 2 printer can use the SerialOff.PS and SerialEHandlder.ps programs to communicate bidirectionally to the printer. Subject: 1.3 How can I print just one page or a few pages from a big document? How can I print pages in reverse order? Try using a host-specific program, like the UNIX command psrev, which is part of the TranScript suite of software from Adobe Systems. Or use the more general utilities Ghostview, psutils or psxlate. There is no guarantee that a given PostScript document can be split in such a manner. The reason is that some programs which generate PostScript code don't conform to the Adobe Document Structuring Conventions (DSC). (See Section 9, ``Encapsulated PostScript''.) A notable example of this is Microsoft Word. Subject: 1.4 How can I print more than one page per sheet of paper? Use psnup or pstext or enscript. These programs redefine the PostScript ``showpage'' command to do multiple PostScript pages per physical page. If one program doesn't work with a complex document, try out other ones. Some PostScript programs can't work with these programs because they break the EPS conventions (See Section 9, ``Encapsulated PostScript''.). The reason is that some Postscript operators (such as initgraphics, the list is in the Red book) change the printer state so "violently", that software trying to do things like n-up will get confused. Theoretically, an EPS shouldn't have any of these operators, but it may not really be an EPS, or there may be a weird interaction between TeX, the EPS and the inclusion mechanism that breaks psnup. Subject: 1.5 How can I edit a PostScript picture? If you know the PostScript programming language, just use any text editor to edit the code directly. If you want to do it visually, you can use Canvas on the Macintosh. Subject: 1.6 How can I print PostScript on a non-PostScript printer? You need a tool that converts to something that your printer knows how to print. Use Freedom of Press, GhostScript, pageview, TScript, or UltraScript PC. Or, use a printer cartridge if your printer manufacturer sells one. Subject: 1.7 What other graphics languages are there? HPGL is for pen plotters. PCL is for HP Laser printers (and compatibles). Both are by HP, and PCL5 is supposed to allow inclusion of HPGL commands, preceded by an appropriate escape code, however I have found this to give errors and abort even for simple HPGL code that plots fine on a plotter.

96. Subject 9 Encapsulated PostScript Subject 9.1 What Is It is usually a single page postscript language program that describes an Correct the postscript program so that it works before you convert it to EPS http://www.ira.cnr.it/manuals/Postscrip/chapter9

Subject: 9 Encapsulated PostScript Subject: 9.1 What is Encapsulated PostScript? Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) is a standard format for importing and exporting PostScript language files in all environments. It is usually a single page PostScript language program that describes an illustration. The purpose of the EPS file is to be included as an illustration in other PostScript language page descriptions. The EPS file can contain any combination of text, graphics, and images. An EPS file is the same as any other PostScript language page description, with some restrictions. EPS files can optionally contain a bitmapped image preview, so that systems that can't render PostScript directly can at least display a crude representation of what the graphic will look like. There are three preview formats: Mac (PICT), IBM (tiff), and a platform independent preview called EPSI. An EPS file must be a conforming file, that is, it must conform to the Adobe Document Structuring Conventions (DSC). At a minimum, it must include a header comment,%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0, and a bounding box comment,%%BoundingBox: llx lly urx ury, that describes the bounds of the illustration. (The specification does not require the EPSF version, but many programs will reject a file that does not have it.) The EPS program must not use operators that initialize or permanently change the state of the machine in a manner that cannot be undone by the enclosing application's use of save and restore (eg. the operators starting with ``init'' like initgraphics). As a special case, the EPS program may use the showpage operator. The importing application is responsible for disabling the normal effects of showpage. The EPS program should make no environment-sensitive decisions (the importing application may be trying to attain some special effect, and the EPS program shouldn't screw this up), although it can use some device-dependent tricks to improve appearance such as a snap-to-pixel algorithm. The complete EPS specification is available from Adobe (see the section on Adobe). Read Appendix G (Document Structuring Conventions, V3.0) and Appendix H (Encapsulated PostScript File Format, V3.0) in the new PostScript red book: PostScript Language Reference Manual, Second Edition. An optional component of an EPS file is a ``preview'' image of the file's content. The preview image is a bitmapped representation of the image which may be displayed by programs using the EPS file without having to actually interpret the PostScript code. The recommended form for a preview image is ``Interchange'' format and is described fully in the ``red book'', second edition. Interchange format represents the image as a series of hex strings placed in the EPS file as PostScript comments. The entire file remains an ASCII file. That book contains all of the information that you need to fix your program to correctly output EPS. It is what I use for our software. A variation of EPS embeds the preview image and PostScript text in a binary file which contains a header and the preview image in either a TIFF or MetaFile format. The header defines where in the file each section (EPS, TIFF, or MetaFile) starts and ends. On the Macintosh, the preview is stored as a PICT in the file's resource fork. Subject: 9.2 What are EPSI and EPSF? EPSI is EPS with a device independent bitmap preview. EPSI is an all ASCII (no binary data or headers) version of EPS. EPSI provides for a hexadecimal encoded preview representation of the image that will be displayed or printed. EPSF is a version of EPS with a TIFF preview instead of a bitmap preview. Subject: 9.3 How do I convert PostScript to EPS? Use pstoepsi, or do it by hand. To convert from PostScript to EPS, one must guarantee that the PostScript file meets the above requirements. If the actual program conforms to the programming requirements, then one can simply add the required comments at the top of the file saying that the file is EPS and giving its BoundingBox dimensions. Optional comments include font usage (%%DocumentFonts: or%% DocumentNeededResources: font), EPSI preview comments (%% Begin(End)Preview:) extensions (%%Extensions:) and language level (%%LanguageLevel:). There are some operators that should not be used within an EPS file: banddevice cleardictstack copypage erasepage exitserver framedevice grestoreall initclip initgraphics initmatrix quit renderbands setglobal setpagedevice setshared startjob These also include operators from statusdict and userdict operators like legal, letter, a4, b5, etc. There are some operators that should be carefully used: nulldevice setgstate sethalftone setmatrix setscreen settransfer undefinefont To convert a PostScript file to EPS format, you must edit the file using a text editor or word processor to add lines that will define the file as an EPS-format file. 1. Using your normal method of printing, print the PostScript file to a PostScript printer. You can choose to view it on the screen instead, but keep in mind that all the below distance measurements assume that you are printing on a normal-sized piece of paper. NOTE: If the PostScript image does not get displayed properly, it probably will not work either once you have converted it to EPS format. Correct the PostScript program so that it works before you convert it to EPS format. 2. Use a tool (see below) to find the bounding box, which shows how much space the PostScript image occupies when printed. You specify the dimensions of the bounding box when you convert the PostScript file to EPS format. 3. If you don't have a bounding box tool, you can just use a ruler and draw one on your printout. With two horizontal lines and two vertical lines, draw a box around the image that includes the entire image while minimizing white space. This box represents your bounding box. You may want to leave a small amount of white space around the image as a precautionary measure against minor printing problems, such as paper stretching and paper skewing. 4. Measure distance ``a'' from the lower-left corner of the image to the left edge of the paper. 5. Write the measurement in points. If your ruler does not show points, calculate the total number of points: 1 inch = 72 points, 1 cm = 28.3 points, and 1 pica = 12 points. Designate this measurement as ``measurement a.'' 6. Measure distance ``b'' from the lower-left corner of the image to the bottom edge of the paper. Designate this measurement in points as ``measurement b.'' 7. Measure distance ``c'' from the upper-right corner of the image to the left edge of the paper. Designate this measurement in points as ``measurement c.'' 8. Measure distance ``d' from the upper-right corner of the image to the bottom edge of the paper. Designate this measurement in points as ``measurement d.'' 9. Using any text editor, open the PostScript file for editing. You'll see several lines of text. These lines are the PostScript description of the image. The lines at the top of the file are the header. 10. Add these lines to, or modify existing lines in, the header (the first group of lines in any PostScript file): %!Adobe-2.0 EPSF %%Creator: name %%CreationDate: date %%Title: filename %%BoundingBox: a b c d Note: Make sure that the first line in the file is ``% !Adobe-2.0 EPSF.'' Also, do not separate the header lines with a blank line space. The first blank line that PostScript encounters tells it that the the next line begins the body of the program. For ``name,'' type your name or initials. For ``date,'' type today's date using any format (for example, MM-DD-YY, MM/DD/YY, July 5, 1987, and so on). For ``filename,'' type the name of the PostScript file. After ``BoundingBox: ,'' type the measurements you took in steps 3, 4, 5, and 6, separating each with a space: ``a'' is the measurement from Step 3, ``b'' is the measurement from Step 4, ``c'' is the measurement from Step 5, and ``d'' is the measurement from Step 6. 11. Save the file in text-only format. If you are interested in learning how to further edit your PostScript files, these books are available at most bookstores: Understanding PostScript Programming and the green book. Encapsulated PostScript is discussed in Appendix C of the old red book. The new red book has a lot of information about Encapsulated PostScript. There will be a technical note available from Adobe called ``Guidelines for Specific Operators'' that will talk about why some operators are prohibited and how to use the others. Subject: 9.4 How do I get the bounding box of a PostScript picture? Use bbfig or epsinfo.ps. Or if you would rather construct the bounding box by hand, use Ghostview, which has a continuous readout of the mouse cursor in the default user coordinate system. You simply place the mouse in the corners of the figure and read off the coordinates. Subject: 10 About The Comp.Lang.PostScript FAQ (and Usenet Guide to PostScript)

97. Examples From The Blue Book postscript language tutorial and cookbook Adobe Systems Incorporated program 1 / Repeated Shaped program 2 / Expanded and Constant Width Lines http://www.science.uva.nl/~robbert/ps/bluebook/

Examples from the Blue book These examples can be found in: PostScript language tutorial and cookbook Adobe Systems Incorporated Reading, MA : Addison Wesley, 1985 ISBN 0-201-10179-3 (pbk.) Click here to get bluebook.shar from ftp.adobe.com. Basic Graphics program 1 / Repeated Shaped program 2 / Expanded and Constant Width Lines program 3 / Elliptical Arcs program 4 / Drawing Arrows ... program 6 / Printing Images Printing Text program 7 / Printing with Small Caps program 8 / Setting Fractions program 9 / Vertical Text program 10 / Circular Text ... program 11 / Placing Text Along an Arbitrary Path Applications program 12 / A Simple Line Breaking Algorithm program 13 / Making a Poster program 14 / Drawing a Pie Chart program 15 / Filling an Area with a Pattern Modifying and Creating Fonts program 16 / Making an Outline Font program 17 / Re-encoding an Entire Font program 18 / Making Small Changes to Encoding Vectors program 19 / Changing the Character Width of a Font ... Robbert Heederik - heederik@wins.uva.nl

98. CPDS, Interpress And PostScript - A Comparison. Generally speaking a postscript program contain many instances of the following pattern A postscript program is able to generate an array of postscript http://www.daube.ch/docu/pdl03.html

PostScript PostScript claims to be a simple interpretive programming language with powerful graphics primitives. The primary application of PostScript is to describe the appearance of text, images and graphic material on printed pages. PostScript may be said to admit no distinction between text and graphics. Normally, PostScript source code is generated by word processing programs, CAD programs and other composition programs. Programmers may write PostScript directly when setting up applications. So PostScript also defines a standard, extensible print file format. A program that generates a PostScript source file needed not be complicated or maintain a large amount of state information. A program can stream PostScript source incrementally to a file. This attribute of the language allows even small machines to generate complex PostScript sources. Compared to Interpress the interpretation of PostScript needs more resources. In the long run, Adobe is counting on increased computer processing power. They decided early that it would emphasize full functionality and the highest possible output quality, even if this means taking somewhat of a "hit" on performance. Adobe also feels that it is important that any PostScript printer be able to print any PostScript page - no matter how complex. The argument is that the user would rather have the page print slowly than not to be able print it at all.

99. Educated Guesswork: MD5 Collisions In PostScript Files The trick here is the postscript program, which actually contains two entirely separate that used them saw postscript files as programs; they saw them http://www.educatedguesswork.org/movabletype/archives/2005/06/md5_collisions.htm

Educated Guesswork Main June 11, 2005 MD5 collisions in PostScript files Daum and Lucks demonstration of colliding PostScript files is getting a fair amount of attention. The attack is straightforward. They generate a pair of colliding prefixes A and B and then tack on a common PostScript program P . Because of the way that hash functions work, H(A P) = H(B P) so, now they have two files that collide. The trick here is the PostScript program, which actually contains two entirely separate documents. P then looks at its prefix and displays document 1 if the prefix is A and document 2 if the prefix is B Daum and Lucks argue that this shows that the current attacks on MD5 are serious: Recently, the world of cryptographic hash functions has turned into a mess. A lot of researchers announced algorithms ("attacks") to find collisions for common hash functions such as MD5 and SHA-1 (see [B+, WFLY, WY, WYY-a, WYY-b]). For cryptographers, these results are exciting - but many so-called "practitioners" turned them down as "practically irrelevant". The point is that while it is possible to find colliding messages M and M', these messages appear to be more or less random - or rather, contain a random string of some fixed length (e.g., 1024 bit in the case of MD5). If you cannot exercise control over colliding messages, these collisions are theoretically interesting but harmless, right? In the past few weeks, we have met quite a few people who thought so. With this page, we want to demonstrate how

100. Download(1) The romfonts.ps program is a postscript program that queries the postscript printer for a list of resident fonts. For our sample prlocal printer, http://ou800doc.caldera.com/en/man/html.1/download.1.html

DOC HOME SITE MAP MAN PAGES GNU INFO ... PRINT BOOK download(1) download download host-resident PostScript Type 1 fonts Synopsis download [ options files Description download prepends host resident Type 1 fonts to files and writes the results on the standard output. If no files are specified, or if is one of the input files, the standard input is read. download assumes the input files make up a single PostScript job and that requested fonts can be included at the start of each input file . The following options are understood: -f Force a complete scan of each input file. In the absence of an explicit comment pointing download to the end of the file, the default scan stops immediately after the PostScript header comments. -p printer Before downloading, check the list of printer-resident Type 1 fonts in /etc/lp/printers/ printer /residentfonts This file may have to be updated manually with the names of the ROM-resident Type 1 fonts when the PostScript printer named printer is installed. Otherwise, this option will point to an empty or non-existent file and ROM-resident fonts will be downloaded from the host when not needed. See the section ``Defining ROM-resident PostScript Fonts.'' -m name Use name as the font map table. A

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